Property-Led Regeneration Essay

Property-Led Regeneration Essay
What is meant by property–led regeneration? (3 marks) Property–led regeneration involves the regeneration of an inner city area by changing the image
of the area, improving the environment, attracting private investment and improving confidence for further investment. In many cases it involves a
flagship project such as the redevelopment of the Albert Dock. Urban Development corporations are the main form of property–led regeneration. With
reference to property led regeneration, name one case study, describe its aims and comment on its effectiveness? (8 marks) Property–led regeneration
involves the regeneration of an inner city area by changing the image of the area, improving the environment, attracting private investment and
improving... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MDC went on to regenerate land on both sides of the Mersey over its 17 year existence. This had a catalytic effect on other development and its
legacy is evident today in the much improved Mersey Waterfront. The success of the scheme can be seen through the following statistics: *
Redeveloped land – 384 hectares * Redeveloped 3544 housing units * Created 23,357 jobs which benefited many locals and prevented out migration *
1987 – 2 million visitors a year 2 Albert Dock today 5 million * There has been continued redevelopment. In 2006 there was a 3.4 million
redevelopment package which again developed the docks. * It gained the title of Capital of Culture 2008 * Old sites, such as the Garden festival site
has been which had now been derelict for 20 years has been purchased for re – re development. This shows continued investment and development in
the area highlighting the success of the scheme. However there are still different attitudes to redevelopment, some claim that the scheme was
completed with "tremendous optimism" and it's believed, "The area's beginning to look up, but you do get people saying we will never get out of this
rot, that the area's too run down." And physically,
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London Docklands Essay
London Docklands
A Case study of:
q Urban redevelopment / Urban regeneration
q Economic decline and regeneration
q In migration into an area and its impact
q An urban planning scheme
Where are the London Docklands?
In the East End of London. Docklands covers an area of 2200 hectares, (21 sq kms) over 5 boroughs, Newham, Tower hamlet, Southwark, Lewisham
and Greenwhich. The area covered by the London Docklands Redevelopment Corporation stretches from Wapping and Tower Bridge in the west to
The City Airport and Becckton in the east.
Why did the London docklands decline?
1. An increase in the size of the ships meant that the docklands were too narrow and shallow.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being designated as an enterprise zone involves
q a 10 year period free of rates
q building grants and loans for site preparation

q grants for buildings and machinery
q planning applications from companies wishing to locate are given top priority
q tax relief given to companies who locate there
What were the London docklands gains and losses for economic, social and environmental developments?
Gains
Losses
Economic
q New jobs created – new skills for young.
q New image of modern, hi tech business centre.
q New transport infrastructure (STOLPORT airport, DLR light railway, Jubilee Line, Limehouse Link road)
q Property values rose quickly.
q New income from tourism
q Skills mismatch for local residents of area
q Poor loose out, because they cannot afford new housing at ВЈ200,000 – ВЈ500,000
q Local

Virgin Rail Analysis.
INTRODUCTION This report looks at Virgin Rail Ltd, which is a subsidiary of Richard Branson's Virgin Group Ltd. Virgin Trains are one of the
largest passenger train operators in Britain with more than 1600 services a week calling at over 130 stations. Virgin Rail operates two franchises, the
West Coast Main Line and CrossCountry Trains. Birmingham is the hub of the Virgin Trains network from which frequent services are provided to
London, Manchester, Sheffield Reading and Bristol with regular services to Glasgow, Edinburg, Aberdeen and New Castle in the north and Brighton,
Bournemouth and Penzance in the south and west. Virgin Trains plan for the future is to invest in brand new high–speed tilting and conventional trains
both being... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a consequence of the last Conservative Government's privatisation programme, the passenger rail network now consists of the following principal
elements: – Railtrack PLC – Train Operating Companies (TOCs) – Rolling Stock Leasing Companies (ROSCOs) – Office of the Rail Regulator (ORR)
Market Position: Rail is only one of a variety of modes of passenger transport in most developed countries. The other modes of passenger transport
are buses and coaches, cars and vans, motor cycles, pedal cycles and air. It should be noted, however, that since cycling is only suitable for very
short distances, and air travel generally only becomes economic for journeys in excess of 300 km, rails principal competitor is the motor vehicle.
Although rail usage has remained constant in passenger kilometre terms over the last decade, it has failed to keep pace with the growing demand for
passenger travel and its market share has fallen accordingly. With bus and coach traffic showing identical behaviour, the beneficiary has inevitably
been the car. Over the last 40 years the percentage of total traffic travelling by rail has fallen from 17% to 5.6%, while the percentage travelling by car
has increased from 31% to 85,9%. Market Segmentation: " Market segmentation is the process of identifying groups of customers with highly similar
buying needs and motives within the

International Project Management
Executive Summary:
With the increase in globalization, integration of world markets, and rise in the concept of the importance of International Project Management has
increased many folds. Project management is a discipline that applies various tools, concepts, principles, practices, activities that help in improving the
profitability of organization and results in overall growth. It helps organizations working in various parts of the world in integrating there operations
and achieving goals. The project management concepts are based on principles of rationality in human behavior, and similarity of working culture over
organizations that is a bit unrealistic due to differences in Environmental Factors such as legal, political factors, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
People are not only the employees of the organization, but also the strategy used to recruit, compensate, and retain those individuals and the type of
people that they are in terms of their skills, values and orientation.
International Projects
Five major issues surrounding the management of International Projects
2.1 Assessing the Motivation for International Projects.
Assessing the firm's strengths, weaknesses, available resources, and management's attitude toward growth can be used to motivate project.
A project manager who understands the overall picture and the role and importance of the project will be better prepared to tackle the global project.
Selecting the specific project is the major criteria and good factor to help gaining perspective idea to the project. The challenge for most enterprises as
they move towards a global model will lie in successfully managing international teams. Meeting this challenge will be expensive in terms of both
resources and time. Firms need to get on with the task of building a new model for leadership development in a global community – a model that
derives from recognition of a whole new array of leadership requirements:
|[|The capacity to manage, live with, and operate under conditions of continuous change. |

Essay about The Inner-City Problems and Solving Them
The Inner–City Problems and Solving Them
There are many problems that can be clearly seen in the inner city. Problems such as crime, poor housing (perhaps slums), and
unemployment are all apparent. However unemployment levels are gradually dropping. Lack of money gives rise to the
problems so are often seen in the lower class areas of cities.
On the whole the perception of the inner–city areas has the image of poverty and overcrowding which faces many cities across
Britain today in whatever proportion. The first as such it the Economic which inner–city areas have long suffered due to lack of
investment especially after the 1940's when a lot of money was put into New Towns. Many of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Issues in British inner city estates
There is increasing evidence that poverty, unemployment and social stress are all now seen in British Inner Cities. There are
many problems which the areas face, both physically and even in some cases mentally:
1.the physical fabric of the buildings, many originally built using cheap materials and methods, is deteriorating rapidly.
However the councils are trying to upgrade these poor housing conditions gradually.
2.Many inner city areas include high rise buildings which have created feelings or isolation and stress related illnesses.
3.The low level or car ownership and high bus fares have increased the feeling of isolation from jobs, shops and

entertainment.
4.Levels of unemployment often exceed 30%. There are also low income families; many elderly living on small pensions.
5.The environment quality of the areas are poor, often with the lack of open space.
6.The inner–city tend to have high levels of marital problems, drug–taking, petty crime and vandalism and low levels of
academic attainment and aspiration.
We can see quite clearly from above the poor conditions that face Britain's poorer people, these factors having to be dealt with.
However the young are partly to blame for the poor conditions (mainly sites) which surround the people. They play the part in
theft,

New York City Transportation
Transportation New York City's water transport started to grow rapidly in the 19th century. Steamboats gave quick, solid associations from New
York Harbor to other Hudson River and waterfront ports, and later neighborhood steam ships permitted suburbanites to live a long way from their
working environments. The finish in 1825 of the upstate Erie Canal, spreading over the Hudson River and Lake Erie, made New York the most
connected between Europe and America. The Gowanus Canal and different works were worked to handle the growing traffic, all existing shorelines
were now fixed with docks. The Morris Canal and Delaware and Raritan Canal were parts of the broad arrangement of new foundation serving the city
with coal and different items. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The canals were initially built the Industrial Revolution for the vehicle of coal, raw materials and food. Despite the fact that they now convey couple of
merchandise, they are prominent with private narrowboat clients and relaxation cruisers, and a general "water transport" benefit works along the
Regent's Canal amid the late spring months. The river thames were the extent of the London Bridge, and to considerable art well upstream of Greater
London. Truly, the stream was one of London's principle transport corridors. In spite of the fact that this is no more drawn out the case, traveler
administrations have seen something of a recovery since the creation in 1999 of London River Services, an arm of Transport for London. LRS now
directs and advances a little scale system of waterway transport worker administrations and countless travels working on the stream. Water crafts are
possessed and worked by various privately owned businesses, and LRS oversees five of focal London's 22

With reference to examples, evaluate the success or...
With reference to examples, evaluate the success or otherwise of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban
decline. (40 marks)
Urban decline can be defined as the drastic decline of a city into infirmity and disrepair. It is usually characterised by increased unemployment,
depopulation, deindustrialization, increased crime and political disenfranchisement. Not only does it cause these problems but also it can make the
area look unattractive – consequently less people being enticed to the area. This can then lead to a vicious cycle. The causes of these factors, which
ultimately cause urban decline, can be: educated workers keep moving to the suburbs to avoid crime, poor schools, taxes and racial ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the 19th century, London's port was one of the busiest in the world and warehouses, industries and high density and poor quality housing etc.
surrounded the docks. By the end of the 1950s, there was a significant decline with many of the docks derelict and abandoned; there were also many
jobs lost and poor living conditions still remaining. Access to the rest of London was poor with narrow roads, which were heavily congested, and a
lack of public transport was becoming a huge problem.
Whilst the LDDC was responsible for the planning and redevelopment of the Docklands areas, other organisation have also been involved in the
redevelopment process, these included: вЂЁ landowners, designers and developers, investors, local people and central government. In docklands,
economic regeneration was seen as a priority and the government felt that property developers would know how to develop land in ways that would
attract businesses. Jobs would be creates, and wealth, it was argued would 'trickle down' to poorer communities. It focused on the creation of
employment– the regeneration of existing housing stock and the creation of new affordable housing. The government action also supported urban
regeneration: tax breaks, deregulation and also working hours could be changed depending on the business. The Environmental RegenerationвЂЁ
probed successful with a network of pedestrian and cycle routes through the area with access to the river and dock edge through

Urban Regeneration in the London Docklands Essay
Urban Regeneration in the London Docklands
The London Docklands Development Corporation is located along the River Thames Estuary
2.a) The London Docklands had to close for many reasons. The main reason was the Second World War. The area suffered substantial bomb damage
in the Second World War, which lead to the need for a substantial rebuilding programme. In the first 20 years after the Second World War, many
buildings came to the end of their usefulness. A number of factors contributed to the decline in the importance of the Docklands. London was no longer
the centre of world trade and so much of the dock space and warehousing was no longer needed. Some manufacturing activities were ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These responsibilities included the reclamation of land, the provision of transport infrastructure, environmental improvement and the attraction of
private–sector investment. The LDDC acquired land and promoted transport development in the form of the Docklands Light Railway and London City
Airport to attract development and fill up the Isle of Dogs. The LDDC had four aims that they wanted to achieve in the Docklands. They were
basically to improve the economic, social and physical aspects of the area. To improve the economic aspect of the area, they had to create jobs for
the unemployed who were living in the Docklands. To do this, they had to bring in major companies. The LDDC decided to provide a good
infrastructure to the area. They provided the gas, electric and roads. Transport was a main problem, so ВЈ600 million was spent on transport, and
another ВЈ300 million on just the Docklands Railway.
3. a) Many office buildings were built, including Canary Wharf. Large newspaper companies were attracted to the Docklands, away from Fleet Street
because of the new Canary Wharf building. This is one of the tallest buildings in England, at 800ft high and boasting 50 stories. Companies were
attracted to Canary Wharf because of the quality of it with air conditioning, deep floors, and open office space. Building space in London was short
and expensive.

London Museum Report
neighborhood. Outside the museum there was a cool statue of a horse with two discs on each side. The statue symbolizes travel and passing from one
place to another, which is exactly what I have been doing for the last month. The Museum of London gave a rich history of London from the
foundations to the modern day. In the industrial era section I noticed a glass case and inside were souvenirs of the Boer–War, including a fan, some
pictures, a ribbon, and pins. There were lots of extravagant dresses and items in the museum demonstrating the wealth of England. In the afternoon we
went to the Spitalfields market and had free time to shop. I bought a dress for the theater and a scarf. I also had some fabulous margarita pizza and
freshly squeezed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I also liked how it showed the erosion of the London Bridge. The museum used to be a sugar warehouse and place for slaves. The museum also
highlighted the significance of the Dutch East India Trading Company and their monopoly on the market. There were many exhibits dedicated to the
slavery movement, what it was and how it dehumanized people. I thought it was interesting at the end how people in the present day, who were of
color or had ancestors from Asia, were saying they were products of slaves and London now celebrates its diversity. Next, we met with Reverend Dr.
Peterson at Elephant and Castle. Dr. Peterson is the pastor at Crossway Church a small congregation in London. The large multi–national corporation
Lend Lease wants to restore the run–down neighborhood and create more modern homes that focus on community and being environmentally
conscious. Ian, the communications manager of Lend Lease spook to our class about Lend Leases plans and how to accommodate the working class
neighborhood. One of the major issues of the reconstruction is the displacing of the families and people who are being forced to leave. In addition,
with the new updates some of the families might not be able to afford the new homes once constructed. I appreciated how Lend Lease was thoughtful
in creating community spaces and being environmentally aware. However, for me

Summer Olymoics
2012 Summer Olympics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "2012 Olympics" redirects here. For the Winter Youth
Olympics, see 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. For the Paralympic Games, see 2012 Summer Paralympics. "London 2012" redirects here. For the
video game, see London 2012 (video game). Games of the XXX Olympiad| This is the clear version of the official logo. There are four official base
colours, and another version for the 2012 Summer Paralympics. For more details, see section "Logo" below.| Host city| London, United Kingdom|
Motto| Inspire a Generation| Nations participating| 204| Athletes participating| 10,820| Events| 302 in 26 sports| Opening ceremony| 27 July|... Show
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The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report
that a key member of the bid team, Guy Drut, would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.[25] Lord Coe – the head of the London
2012 bid Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years.

The Blitz and St Paul's Cathedral Essay
The Blitz and St Paul's Cathedral
When the Blitz began over Britain in the fall of 1940, Londoners were frightened and unsure of what the Nazis had in store for them. However, their
uneasy emotions would later change into feelings of nationalistic pride and perseverance, as London became a city full of active resistors to the Nazi
forces. This change would be prompted from a variety of sources, including Winston Churchill, the media, as well as the emergence of inspirational
symbols. St. Paul's Cathedral is undoubtedly the most powerful of these symbols, becoming a timeless image associated with the Blitz, encapsulating
sentiments of hope and courage.
LONDON THROUGH THE BLITZ
The Campaign
The Blitz on London started on September ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At least 2,000 fires erupted and transport was disrupted for days. The attacks were concentrated on the Fleet Street area and the West End, and over
1,200 people were killed. The last massive attack took place during the nights of May 10 and 11, 1941. The raid consisted of over 800 tons of
explosives and produced over 2,000 fires.
Prepping the City
In order to deal with the threat of the bombing of London, the British government took on a variety of precautions. From a militaristic standpoint, the
R.A.F. bomber force was built up in hope that fear of reprisal would keep the Germans away. But when it came to the point that an attack was more
than likely, the British government sought to camouflage targets as best as they could. Individual targets were hidden by smoke and paint during the
day and a total blackout, over all of Britain and Northern Ireland, was mandatory at night. The blackout made it difficult for the bombers to find their
targets and did result in a spreading out of the bombs, instead of concentrated attacks on selected areas.
Prepping the People
With the threat of gas, high explosives, and fire, the people of London called for protection. The British government had plans to distribute respirators

even before the war began to deal with potential gassing. As far as dealing with bombs, the government faced a variety of problems. First, it was
estimated that there would be only seven minutes warning

Anz Bank
2014 ANNUAL REPORT
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited ABN 11 005 357 522
This Annual Report (Report) has been prepared for Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited ("the Company") together with its subsidiaries
which are variously described as: "ANZ", "Group", "ANZ Group", "the Bank", "us", "we" or "our".
ANZ ANNUAL REPORT 2014
ANZ IS EXECUTING A FOCUSED STRATEGY
TO BUILD THE BEST CONNECTED, MOST RESPECTED
BANK ACROSS THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
WHO WE ARE AND HOW WE OPERATE
ANZ's history of expansion and growth stretches over 175 years. We have a strong franchise in Retail, Commercial and Institutional banking in our
home markets of Australia and
New Zealand and we have been operating in Asia Pacific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, we focused on strengthening management depth and the alignment between business, operations, technology and enablement. We are
committed to delivering above–peer earnings growth with strong capital and expense disciplines, targeting further productivity improvements over the
next three years while increasing return on equity from current levels.
This will be achieved by strengthening our position in Australia and New Zealand, growing in Asia and sharing common technology, processes,
products and services that are designed with our customers in mind.
1
2

CONTENTS
Section 1
Section 3
Financial Highlights
5
Five Year Summary
196
Chairman's Report
6
Principal Risks and Uncertainties
197
Chief Executive Officer's Report
7
Supplementary Information
206
Directors' Report
8

Shareholder Information
208
– Operating and Financial Review
12
Glossary of Financial Terms
214
– Remuneration Report
28
Alphabetical Index
216
Corporate Governance
57
Section 2
Financial Statements
77
Notes to the Financial Statements
84
Directors' Declaration and

Responsibility Statement
193
Independent Auditor's Report
194
CONTENTS
3
SECTION 1
Financial Highlights
5
Chairman's Report
6
Chief Executive Officer's Report

Swot Analysis Of British Airways
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Business environment means the external forces influencing business management and decisions. It contains two forces, specific and general.
Investors, competitors, customers, and suppliers affect directly in their day–to–day operations are the specific forces. Social, political, legal and
technological conditions affect organisations indirectly are the general forces. Strategy management and innovation are vital for an organisation's
growth and development. Upon understanding the importance of strategy management and innovation, researchers have formulated theories related to
organisational management. Theories have critically analysed with the case study of British Airways by comparing strategies with both external ... Show
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Threats: Threats are unfavourable changes in the internal and external environment. Examples include new regulations, not able to manage the new
technologies; products are not able to reach the customer satisfaction level, trade barriers, etc.
By utilizing the SWOT analysis in strategic planning towards the growth, organisations can develop a matrix which provides an accurate understanding
of organisations' strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
SWOT Matrix StrengthsWeaknesses
OpportunitiesS–O strategiesW–O strategies
ThreatsS–T strategiesW–T strategies
Source (http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/SWOT)
In conclusion, SWOT analysis is the most important method in analysing and formulating strategy. With this, the senior managers can able to assess
the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats for overall development of the organisation. (Ricky Griffin, 2007)
Micro & Macro Environment:
Micro environment in business is a specific area of elements which impact the organisation's ability to serve its customers. Organisational micro
environment factors consist of customers, competitors, suppliers, marketing and the general public. Macro environment is external factors of an
organisation which are uncontrollable that influence in decision making and effects on performance and strategies. These include political, economic,
social, technological and

How successful has the regeneration of urban areas been...
How successful has the regeneration of urban areas been given the variety of ways it has been undertaken (40 marks)
Urban regeneration is defined as improving an area that has been experiencing a period of decline due to a variety of reasons, such as lack of
employment, lack of investment in the CBD, suburbanisation etc. Ways that this can be resolved include property led regeneration, prestige project
developments and partnership development schemes. These have all been carried out in the UK recently due to urban decline in some areas, and some
have been more successful in others, in terms of its effectiveness on the location, effectiveness on problems that existed beforehand and the effect on
the local community. Most importantly, the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, lack of affordable housing has become an issue for additional reasons. 50,000 new homes were built since 1981 but only 8000 were
local authority housing, and only 2000 were low income houses. This was worsened by the implementation of the 'right to buy' scheme, creating a
surge in house prices (a 1 bedroom apartment now costs around ВЈ500,000). It could be suggested that this issue counteracts successes of the scheme,
as issues still exist including 3500 homeless people in the area and the housing prices are significantly above the UK average, so they have not
achieved their aim to 'make housing affordable to all.' However, I believe that the Docklands has been a successful example of regeneration as it is
now such a significant part of the capital, with it being London's finance capital providing not only important economic contributions, but also
employment to many people in the skilled sector.
Prestige development initiatives aim to create sustainable communities. An example of this is Holdback Urban Village (HUV). Holbeck was developed
during the 18th and 19th century during the industrial revolution, where steam powered mills produced machinery, cloths and cast iron. However this
industry eventually declined, leaving hundreds of families who lived close to the mill in poor conditions in 'back–to–back' terraced housing. This was
subject to a

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