Home Along A Busy Road

Home Along A Busy Road
What appears to be just another white two story home along a busy road, is a lot more than it looks. If you slow down and take a closer look, you
notice a public parking lot as well as an "open" sign in the window. This is not a residence but Wilmington 's Oddity / Antique store. On the corner
of Marsh and Sherwood Roads, this house is coated in wonderful shade of mature trees that line the streets as well as the whole neighborhood. Upon
closer examination, you notice this is the obscure but well known "Oddporium, the Gallery of the Peculiar and the Bizarre"store. A two part store,
with a gold dealer in one part and the oddity store in the other. Converted from the owners former childhood home, this is where you need to go to
pick up... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The owners have tried to find an explanation but to no avail. Could this have anything to do with the two women that died from lung disease and
the spirits are causing guests to feel the pain they felt right before they died? Shadow figures seem to roam the premises and have been witnessed
by patrons and renters alike mainly in the front and rear gallery. In recent years many customers have said they have witnessed a shadow moving
behind the coffin that lies on display in one of the show rooms. The same shadows have been seen in other rooms, in some instances, it takes the
shape of a human figure. When Ken was alerted to this phenomena, it brought back memories of when he was a child and his uncle would take trips
out of town. Ken 's job as a young boy was to enter his uncle 's home and turn on a couple of lights before darkness fell. In the morning, Ken would
run back across the street and turn off the lights. The following night, he would turn on different lights. This gave the impression that someone was
home during the night time hours. Ken 's memory of turning on the lights one evening lead to him recalling a time when he was almost at his home
when he glanced back to the house, and in total horror, he witnessed a person standing in the upstairs bedroom window. This shock him to the core as
he thought there was a stranger in the house while he turned on lights. He told his parents who later told him
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Cardiomyopathy, Raynaud's And Perfusion
Cardiomyopathy, Raynaud's and Perfusion
Adequate perfusion supplies the entire body with necessary oxygen and nutrients to sustain life. The process of oxygenation and perfusion can be
affected by a multitude of factors. A few examples are, a decreased oxygen carrying capacity, hypovolemia, neuromuscular disease, central nervous
system alterations and chronic diseases (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2013, p. 826). Two specific examples of conditions affecting perfusion are
cardiomyopathy and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Perfusion
Perfusion is one of three steps in the process of oxygenation. Ventilation is the mechanical action of inhaling oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
through the use of the diaphragm. This oxygen is dispersed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
829). In restrictive CMP the ventricular wall is stiffened and therefore loses its ventricular compliance. This causes the ventricles to become resistant to
filling and thus demand high filling pressures to maintain CO (Kupper & Mitchell, 2014, p. 829). Clinical manifestations include trouble breathing,
inability to tolerate exercise, and an overall feeling of exhaustion (Kupper & Mitchell, p. 829). These manifestations often occur because the ventricular
filling is compromised since the heart cannot increase CO by increasing the heart rate alone (Kupper & Mitchell, 2014, p.

Who Is Pierre Teilhard De Chardin?
Christology of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Hannah Marks Saint Joseph's College of Maine TH 301A– Christology Dr. Sunderman November 30, 2016
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was born on May 1, 1881 at a family estate of Sarcenat near Clermont–Ferrand, Auvergne. He was born into a family of
eight, being the fourth born child to Emmanuel and Berthe–Adele Teilhard de Chardin. His oldest brother died in September 1902, then his youngest
sister died in 1904, and his oldest sister in 1911. The death of his oldest sister greatly saddened Pierre because she was the only other religious family
member. She had become a Little Sister of the Poor and worked with the poor of Shanghai. Pierre said she lead a very selfless life. At a very young...
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He was a very unique man and had an interesting theory that I like very much. He was concerned most with the expanding population. He didn't
understand how we can continue to grow in population in an Earth of finite resources. A quote by Teilhard de Chardin in "Phenomenon of Man",
"The success of humanity's evolution will not be determined by survival of the fittest but by our own capacity to converge and unify". What he
meant by this is that it isn't about who is going to be the best but can we come together as a whole? "We are one, after all, you and I. Together we
suffer, together exist, and forever will recreate each other". I believe this quote from Chardin describes his theory of evolution in a visual manner. I
like this quote because I can easily grasp what he is saying. Through unity and love, we evolve. Pierre lived through two world wars, and through the
rise of nuclear power. I believe he was incredibly intelligent and very observative. Through the wars he lived and the places he traveled, he saw this
Christology of the Omega Point

The Chemical Evolution Of Prebiotic And Biotic Materials
The work presented here attacks the issue of understanding the chemical evolution of prebiotic and biotic materials, such as amino acids, from multiple
fronts. From an observational standpoint, the identification of carbodiimide in the ISM for the first time has added a new molecule to the known
molecular inventory. Beyond this result, and perhaps more importantly, it has hopefully opened others up to the possibility that searches for molecules
that should be undetectable under LTE conditions may yet be fruitful. With the thoughtful exploitation of phenomena such as masing, important
transient or intermediate species, which have a non–negligible effect on the overall chemical and physical evolution of a system, may yet be detected.
Through the studies of chp presented here, it has been shown that careful examination of the chemistry and chemical environments probed by the
observations can provide a robust and deep insight into the mechanisms at work and the species present. Without any laboratory work having been
conducted, and examining only archival observational data, chm was dismissed as the carrier of B11244 based on an analysis of the emph{chemistry}
at work in the environments where it had been detected. This work now expands, seeking to explore how chp can probe the environments, and the
thus–far rare conditions in which it is present in detectable abundance.
Again, using only archival observational data, a serious gap in the completeness of state–of–the–art

A Short Note On Internal And Internal Assessment
IB Mathematics HL Internal Assessment
Judy Taylor
IB HL Mathematics
Word Count: 1311
Table of Contents Abstract.......................................................................................Page 3
Introduction...................................................................................Page 4 Exploration....................................................................................Page 5
Applications...................................................................................Page 8 Conclusion.....................................................................................Page 9
References....................................................................................Page 11 Abstract The sine integral, written as Si (x), is important factor insignal
processing as it causes overshoot, ringing artifacts, and is considered as the convolution of the cardinal sine function (represented as sin (x)/ x or sinc
(x)) and the Heaviside step function that corresponds to shortening the Fourier series, which causes the Gibbs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
After some research, I found out that cardinal sine could not be solved by elementary means and that its integral was, in fact, a crucial part of the Gibbs
phenomenon, which will be expanded upon in the Applications section (Pg. 8) of this investigation. My aim for this investigation is to prove the
integral of cardinal sine to be sine integral and to approximate five (5) values of the sine integral function. Afterwards, I will show how this is relevant
in both mathematics and other, more practical, applications. Exploration In order to organize the mathematical exploration most effectively, the
exploration will begin with the following problem: Prove that в€«в
–’sinвЃЎx/x is equal to Si (x). Approximate Si (0), Si (ПЂ/6), Si (ПЂ/4), Si (ПЂ
/3), and Si (ПЂ/2) using a Taylor polynomial of order 3 at 0 for f(x) = Si (x). In order to verify the results of the approximations, Wolfram Alpha, an
online calculator capable of processing the sine integral function, will be used.
To begin with, the Taylor series representation of the sine integral function is as such:
Si (x)=в€‘_(n=0 )^в€
ћв–’((–1)^n x^(2n+1))/(2n+1)(2n+1)! At this point, it is necessary to find the Taylor series representation of sinвЃЎx/x. First, the
Taylor series representation of sin (x) is:
в€‘_(n=0)^в€
ћв–’(гЂ–(–1)гЂ—^n x^(2n+1))/(2n+1)!
Therefore, sinвЃЎx/x is equal to:
1/x в€‘_(n=0)^в€
ћв–’(гЂ–(–1)гЂ—^n x^(2n+1))/(2n+1)!
Which is equal to:
в€‘_(n=0)^в€
ћв–’(гЂ–(–1)гЂ—^n x^(2n+1))/x(2n+1)!

Raynaud's Phenomenon
Raynaud's Phenomenon
In 1862, French Physician A. G. Maurice Raynaud discovered a condition that caused an intermittent lack of blood flow to the extremities. Dr. Raynaud
highlighted the symptoms and probable causes of the condition in a doctorate thesis; and later published a book entitled, De l'asphyxie locale de la
gangrГЁne symГ©trique des extrГЁmitiГЁs (translated by systranet to be: Local asphyxiation and caused to become gangrenous symmetrical one of
the ends), to further explain his observations while caring for people with the condition. Since that time, the condition has taken on many different
names, including: Raynaud's Disease, Raynaud's Phenomenon, Raynaud's syndrome (Raynaud's Association, 2016, para. 3), idiopathic Raynaud's and
dead finger. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014) writes, Raynaud's is a rare disorder that affects the arteries, and is marked by
brief ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Epidemiology
Studies show that Raynaud's affects females (4.9% – 20.1%) more often than males (3.8% – 13.5%). Onset of Primary Raynaud's is usually during
early adult years, and onset of Secondary Raynaud's is dependent on the underlying medical condition (Hansen–Dispenza, Lisse, J. R., Oberto–Medina,
M. & Narayanan, S. A., 2015, p. 6). The Raynaud's Association website informs "only one out of ten suffers seek treatment" (para. 3), which would
lead one to believe that the prevalence is higher than noted.
Contributing Factors
While the cause of Raynaud's is unknown, factors such as: exposure to cold, underlying disease processes, chemical exposure, cigarette smoking, injury
/trauma, repetitive hand actions, and medications can increase the risk of developing the condition (University of Rochester Medical Center, 2016,
para. 4). Although Raynaud's has been diagnosed in more than one family member, a hereditary factor has not been

Lupus Case Study
Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body like your skin, joints, and, or organs inside the body. When someone has
lupus something goes wrong with their immune system. Because it is an autoimmune disease the immune system cannot tell the difference between
the foreign invaders, like the flu, and the body's healthy tissues. So it creates autoantibodies that attack and destroy the healthy tissue, which causes
inflammation, pain and damage in various parts of the body. It is also a disease of flares meaning when the symptoms worsen the person will feel
sick, and remission when the symptoms improve the person will feel better. It is also a disease that can range from mild to life threatening. Researchers
estimate... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They can also be there one day and a few days later they are gone or the symptoms have changed. When diagnosing lupus the doctor will look for
signs of inflammation, and loss of function at a particular place in the body. When evaluating a diagnosis the doctor will review the current
symptoms, laboratory test results, the patients medical history and the medical history of the patients family. There are a range of laboratory tests
that can be used to detect the physical changes or conditions that can occur in the body to a patient with lupus. However for some reasons the
laboratory tests cannot give a definite yes or no answer to whether or not a person has lupus. There is no single laboratory test that can determine if a
person has it or not, test results that suggest lupus can be do to other illnesses or even be seen in healthy people, and a test result can be positive one
time and then be negative the next. If there are multiple criteria present simultaneously the doctor may reach a lupus diagnosis. If the symptoms
develop gradually over time the diagnosis may not be as obvious, so a consultation with a rheumatologist, a doctor that treat patients with problems of
joints , muscles and bones, may be

Essay On Raynaud's Disease
Raynaud's disease is when the body restricts the amount of blood flow to various parts of the body, such as the hands and feet. There are some
factors that contribute to making this disease worse, but there are also some factors that can help in making this disease more controllable. With the
very few known facts about Raynaud's disease, it is not a disease that should be overlooked for the fact it affects "approximately five to ten percent of
Americans." (WebMD, 2005–2016).
When Raynaud's occurs, the body limits only so much blood flow throughout the body. The most common restriction is in the hands and feet. Since the
blood flow is restricted, this then causes hands and feet to feel cold. There is a numbing feeling that could occur, that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The most common reason why Raynaud's phenomenon occurs is because of exposure to the cold. "In the cold, it is normal for the body to narrow
the small blood vessels to the skin and to open the blood vessels to the inside part of the body to keep the body warm. But with Raynaud's, the body
restricts blood flow to the skin more than it needs to." (WebMD, 2005–2016). Other reasons consist of taking certain medications, using vibrating
power tools for a number of years, excessive smoking, having emotional stress, caffeine, trauma, circulatory problems, drug use, exposure to some
chemicals or toxic substances, or having frostbite could be factors that could contribute to getting Raynaud's disease. There are many triggers, but the
basic cause of Raynaud's disease is still not known. "There has been a link established between Raynaud's and some autoimmune diseases."
"Raynaud's may also signal damage to the blood vessels caused by occupational injuries." (Raynaud's Association, 2016). An example of an
occupational injury that has been previously discussed is using vibrating power tools over the course of several years. "Women are affected nine times
more than men with this disease." "Researchers estimate that Raynaud's affects as many as twenty percent of all women in their child bearing years.
That is one in five women from their early teens into their early fifties." (Raynaud's Association,

What Is Fibromyalgia Syndrome?
When I was choosing a topic of discussion for my research, I decided upon Fibromyalgia Syndrome. I chose this illness due to a family member
who has been suffering from this illness for many years. Fibromyalgia Syndrome, or FMS as it is commonly referred to as, is an illness that affects
more and more people every year. Not much is understood or known about FMS however, it is just as serious an illness as any other condition
affecting the human body. This paper will address the etiology, susceptibility, signs and symptoms ofFibromyalgia syndrome.
Fibromyalgia Syndrome is an illness affecting the musculoskeletal system. This illness can cause such symptoms as chronic pain and fatigue. (Clauw,
2009) Many other symptoms include: memory loss, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fatigue and muscle soreness associated with the condition, the person affected may need to alter some daily routines. This can possibly lead
to feelings of self–doubt or low self–esteem. A person diagnosed with Fibromyalgia should never try to deal with the condition on their own. Seeking
help from a skilled professional such as a psychiatrist or specialist in the field is highly recommended. A person with Fibromyalgia can still live a
very long and fruitful life. All the person needs to do is continue with the regimented prescribed medication, maintain a healthy lifestyle of diet and
exercise, as well as proper sleeping habits and they will live out a very satisfied life. (Wallace,

Fatigue Case Study Essay
A 56–year–old female referred as Mrs. S arrived at Emergency room with acute symptom of severe shortness of breath, dyspnea and complaints of
chest pain. Assessment data reveals non–productive cough, weakness, fatigue and hemoptysis. Admitting diagnosis collected by Emergency room
revealed pulmonary hypertension secondary to Systemic sclerosis. Mrs. S. has been transferred from Emergency Room to Thoracic floor due to the
involvement of her respiratory system. Mrs. S came was received to thoracic unit accompanied by her husband and daughter. Patient appeared
unwell, pale and moaning. Dark red spot on face, deformities on finger was also noted. Patient was put on oxygen 8 L via nasal prong and given
morphine 2mg via IV prior to data collection. After settling in the room and getting all order by the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Mrs. S. case, her multi organ involvement with indication of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and kidney insufficiency was burdensome to
her over all health. Joint contractures, peripheral edema and her inability to carry on her daily function due to pain and fatigue was very distressing
and disabling. She was too tired to carry out any of her daily needs. She was incontinent of bowel and urine. Mrs. S had positive of Raynaud's
phenomenon as evident in her digits; encouraging the patient to keep warm, avoiding cold to reduce vasoconstriction and tissue hypoxia. Patient was
on morphine 2 mg IV for pain control, which I believed wasn't effective as she continued to moan even after administration. As patient advocate, pain
was a priority issue so I reported the issue to my nurse and communicated with the pain services. Her pain was controlled by changes in opioids and
her activities were kept to minimal, pacing activities and visitors were

Myths And Myths Of Myths
Myths are generally known to be the reflection of ancient people 's thoughts and vision about the world which surrounded them. Due to this
assumption, the word 'myth ' appeared to have a number of connotations, which denote a contemporary man and his thoughts and vision, i.e. the way he
perceives this word and reality. The scholars whose expertise fall within the field of myths and their investigation claim that myth as a genre of
literature reflect the human history from the point of view of the culture which took place. In other words, the phenomenon of myths serves as a
connection between ancient and contemporary generations. Under these conditions, there are the questions which are necessary to answer to evaluate
and understand more profoundly the nature of myths and the function they perform for the culture of this or that people. As a consequence, this paper
regards the basis why myths were once created; the possible functions they serve; and the scholars ' attitudes towards the nature of myths. Since myths
are supposed to be one of the most ancient type of culture, including literature, there had appeared a great variety of the works dedicated to their
investigation. One of the most outstanding analysis of myths ' nature belongs to Frankfort et al. (1946) and establishes the clear and concise
understanding of why people created myths and what they served for. At all events, as a consequence, the authors of the book The Intellectual
Adventure Of Ancient Man have

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Systemic Lupus
Have you ever stopped to think about how your body is protected from various illnesses and infections? The human body has an amazing network of
cells, tissues and organs to do just that. This network is called the immune system. But what if that very system that was designed to protect your body
attacked healthy cells by mistake? Autoimmune disorders are diseases in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells (Curtis 278). One such
disease is called Lupus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects the connective tissues
resulting in pervasive damage to multiple organs. Striking mostly women of childbearing age, this profound disease is estimated to affect at least 5
million people worldwide (Lupus Facts and Statistics). Currently there is no cure for SLE, however, modern sciences have developed numerous
treatments (La Paglia 551–561).
SLE is a chronic disease which can often be disabling (Auerbach and Beckerman 269 – 278). Lupus predominantly affects the heart, kidneys, lungs,
brain, blood vessels, joints and skin. Symptoms such as painful joints, sore muscles, cognitive issues, fever, Raynaud's phenomenon, photosensitivity,
and rashes tend to be the most common ("Lupus.", Arthritis 67–68). SLE is characterized by persistent remissions and exacerbations. Exacerbations
tend to be more prominent in the Spring and Summer, possibly due to an increase in sun exposure. Due to the chronic inflammatory nature

Raynauds Disease Essay
Raynaud's Disease
Few people are aware of Raynaud's disease even though it is a fairly common condition. Raynaulds Disease is also referred to as Raynauld's
phenonmenon. Raynaud's is a condition in which cold temperatures or stress cause blood vessel spasms that block blood flow to fingers, toes, nose,
and ears. This causes these body parts to suddenly turn ice cold and to become a purple or blue color. Later when the blood flow becomes normal the
area turns a reddish color and later returns to normal. There are two types of Raynaud's Disease, primary Raynaud's disease and secondary Raynaud's
disease. Primary Raynaud's is when a person has no other cause or condition. Secondary Raynaud's is when there is another condition that ... Show
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People with Raynaud's may not know that they actually have it. Raynaud's phenomenon has been seen with a lot of conditions. These conditions include
rheumatic diseases such as sclerrodero and rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Hormone imbalance trauma, like
Frostbite and the use of vibrating tools (like a jack hammer) can provoke Raynads. Some medications such as estrogens, cancer treatments and
nicotine can cause Raynauds to onset. Here are some signs and tests to see if you have Raynaud's or another disease. The doctor will perform a
physical exam, vascular ultrasound, and a cold simulation test. Different blood tests can also be done but there is no specific blood test that confirms
Raynauds. The blood testing is done to diagnose other conditions typically associated with Raynaulds.
3 There are lifestyle changes that may help people with Raynaud's disease. Smoking makes Raynauds worse. If someone has Raynauds they should
not smoke or use nicotine in any way. If the person is taking medications that cause the blood vessels to spasm or tighten they should take a different
medication, if there is one available.
Stop smoking, avoid caffeine, avoid medications (if not life threatening) that can cause tightening or spasms of the blood vessels, avoid the cold in any
way, and always wear shoes and socks outside in cold weather. Patients with persistent or bothersome

Evaluation Of Constructivist Lesson Plan Format Essay
Brittney Centeno
EDUC 554 Inquiry/Constructivist Lesson Plan Format
Written by: Brittney Centeno
Science Subject Area and Grade Level: Water / First Grade
New York State Science Learning Standards:
Make observations (firsthand or from media) to construct an evidence–based account for natural phenomena. (2–PS1–3)
2–PS1–1. Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. Materials:
Materials for experiment (clear container, water, cup, modeling clay, unifix cubes and marbles.)
Observation sheet Time Estimate: 45 minutes
Objective: Students will be able to understand that the size of an object affects water levels. Knowing: Students will know that water levels change.
Doing: Students will be able to add objects to the water and see whether the water rises or sinks. They will also be able to observe and record what
objects have a different affect on the water level.
Driving Question: What are the relationships between the size of an object and the water level?
Adaptations:
Students who are finished early can try to create a different object in shape and size using the modeling clay to place into the container of water.
English language learners can work with a partner and also use a picture chart to help.
Engage:
Have you every noticed what happens to the water in the bathtub when you sit in it? (Turn and Talk) Have you ever wondered

Systemic Lupus Research Paper
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Description: Lupus is an autoimmune disease which attacks the healthy body immune system. This immune
disorder attacks the brain, kidneys, joints, skin, and other organs in the body. Signs and Symptoms: Fatigue and Fevers Joint pain, stiffness and
swelling Most Common butterfly rash on the face that covers cheek and the bridge of the nose Photosensitivity Finger or toes that turn white or blue
when exposed to cold or when stressed (Raynaud's phenomenon) Shortness of breath Chest pain Etiology: SLE is a combination of genetic and your
environment. It is known when the disease is inherited it can be triggered when coming in contact with the environment. However the cause of lupus in
most cases... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diagnosis: When trying to diagnose lupus the first evaluation done by the doctor is looking for signs of rash, inflammation, heat and redness, also
asking for symptoms, taking laboratory tests, medical history from close family members such as brothers, sisters, parents, and grandparents.
Treatments: Fortunately Lupus has a variety of medication ranging from minimum to maximum strength. Usually Lupus medication change during a
person's lifetime. However with Lupus it can take Doctors months or sometimes years to find the perfect medication to keep the disease under
control. The FDA unfortunately have only approved few medications which are Corticosteroids, Antimalarial, and Aspirin. Prognosis: Even though
Lupus is a disease that most people think is fatal it is not. By following your Doctors instructions, taking the medicine, and asking for help when
there is new side effect when taking the medication Lupus can be under control and look forward to a normal lifespan. Preventive Measures: It is not
known what causes Lupus and there is no way to prevent it but Lupus can be managed by avoiding stress, sunlight, lack of sleep and by keeping
record of your

The Effects Of Media On Our Society
In our society, media is constantly being used not only to communicate but also to learn about what is going around the world. The web gives the
chance to share news and even lets people talk to one another. The internet spreads information and ideas quickly and reaches out too many people.
Much of what our society sees and reads often come from sources provided by the internet. Based on these sources, knowledge is gained, wither it
is real or fake. Constantly seeing media gives our society the idea that it is real. Videos, music, and photos are a way of spreading ideas clearly to more
people. Due to this, ideas such as the end of the world sparks conversations and creates theories.
Theories are a trend of ideas, that explains something, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Doomsday media spreads quickly giving dates on the suspected day and tips on how to be prepared. With many theories to research, an older theory
known as the Great Flood is a controversy that also spread panic. Johannes Stoffler, a germen astrologer issued a world–ending flood. This flood was
set to occur on February 25, 1524. On this day, all planets would be under the same water sign Pieces. Creating a flood that was set to destroy our
world, "Hundreds of pamphlets announcing the coming flood were issued and set in motion a general panic" (Cole). With Stoffler's statements and
highly respected research, the event seemed as if it was in fact the end. As time passed and theories did not occur, thefear and predictions remain.
Harold Camping predicted the end of the world would happen on May 21, 2011. 7000 years prior to this date was when the Biblical Flood was said
to occur. As the date approached, Camping announced his math was incorrect and declared October 21, 2011, to be the official date for doomsday. As
the internet grew more popular, research was being brought to attention and even movies have been created to document the events that will occur on
this day known as doomsday. A huge theory that occurred recently is the "2012 Maya Apocalypse" The Mayan long calendar dates to 3114 BC and is
extremely accurate. Ending with the winter solstice on December 21, 2012, it marks the end of the cycle. After the winter solstice on December 21st,
no other future date was

How Weather Conditions Affect Health and Well-Being in...
How Weather Conditions Affects Health and Well
–Being Singapore is an island lying north of the Equator. Because it lies in the tropics, it receives
sufficient sunlight, has mostly uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity and abundant rainfall. Singapore's climate can be categorized into two
main monsoon seasons.
During the Northeast Monsoon season, from December to early March, northeast winds prevail. It is cloudy with frequent afternoon rain in the early
part of this season. From late March to May, winds and showers are present mostly during afternoon and early evening. The Southwest Monsoon
season, from June to September, has more isolated showers in the late morning and early afternoon. From October to November, winds... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cold weather contracts blood vessels. Hence, heart attacks, migraines, and high blood pressure, caused by constriction of blood vessels and
insufficient blood flow, can be triggered by cold weather. According to research conducted by the New England Center for Headache, as many as half
of all migraines are triggered by weather conditions. This applies for Raynaud's phenomenon where the blood vessels dilate and blood flow is disrupted.
Cold weather increases joint stiffness and affects people with arthritis. Arthritis patients believe that the lower the barometric pressure, the greater the
pain in the joints. An example is that the residents at the North Shore Hotel note when the barometric pressure goes down, their pain goes up. Their
arthritis goes into overdrive before a storm.
Nerve fiber coverings break down more easily, causing Multiple sclerosis to happen more frequently in cold weather. For Fibromyalgia Syndrome, a
1981 survey reported that more than 90% of the patients felt worse in cold and humid weather. Changes in barometric pressure affected those with the
syndrome.
Sinus headaches are caused by barometric pressure as the nasal cavities are not able to adapt quickly to the change in air pressure. Asthma is often
caused by high winds as these bring pollen and particles which some have allergies to.
In our research, we have also found out that sunlight can be both beneficial and harmful to the human body. The

Social Media Has Become An Essential Part Of Our Lives
In today's society social media has become an essential part of our lives. We check our accounts every chance we get regardless of where we are at.
Everyone is a victim of social media as it is not only part of the American culture but is also seen worldwide. One big component that makes social
media into the giant it is today are viral videos. New viral videos often come up on a daily basis especially on platforms such as twitter in which
they cover a range of topics such as a funny target ad to a kid on the streets of New York with an amazing ability of creating a beat with a couple of
old pots and pans and a pair of drumsticks. There are a countless amount of great videos that have come from going viral, but there are also those that...
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In today's society this media becomes viral at its full effect on social media platforms, most specifically twitter and facebook as with one post or
retweet can cause a chain reaction to even further distribute the content to expand the audience. Virality is often achieved due to its "power to
evoke emotions in a visceral way" as well as "tell us whole stories in a fraction of the time reading text would take." ("The Social Media Wildfire.")
The concept of viral media is not subjected to only a certain group of people but is rather extended to others even if they are not on social media as
in many cases videos that have made it onto international news channels. What makes viral videos "viral" does not exclude anyone but is rather
meant for a large audience due to it being known for "breaking down cultural barriers by allowing people all over the world to witness significant
or interesting events for themselves." ("The Social Media Wildfire,." 2015) With this viral media revolution, many people see it as a chance to
change their lives, socially, but viral fame is most notably connected to a new financials status as well. By seeing other people go viral it would start
this belief that by going viral, you have made it, which creates this sense of achievement in regards to their social life. There have been plenty of good
and bad examples of this but one that stands

Ghost Real Research Paper
The team of investigators is finished recording for today. They begin reviewing the footage and come across a strange sound that was not
witnessed at the time of recording. Ghosts are considered to be spirits of deceased people. They are known to possess objects and haunt people.
Their existence is very controversial because there is little evidence in order to prove they are real. Ghosts are real because there is photographic
evidence, auditory evidence, and there is no way to prove that they are not real. There is photographic evidence for the existence of ghosts. Paranormal
investigators have uncovered old photos, that could not have been edited at the time in which was being taken, with a ghost photobombing it (Cryptid).
Photographs taken ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They claim that ghosts are not real. These people say that images can be edited and photoshopped to make it appear that there is a ghost in it,
however, nowadays it is easier to edit photos, but when photography was first invented, it was nearly impossible to edit the pictures. They also claim
that Audio recordings are fake and just made to entertain people, however, true paranormal investigators spend hours upon hours of recording
suspicious, haunted places and most people are amateurs that do not fully understand the process of hunting ghosts. Their last counter point is that if
there is no way to prove the existence of ghosts, then why try to prove their existence if they cannot be proven. If there is no way to prove that ghosts
are real, then it is impossible to know if they are not

Scleroderma
Clinical Features:
Criteria for Systemic sclerosis
2013 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria for Scleroderma were developed by the American College of Rheumatology(ACR) and the European League
Against Rheumatism(EULAR).Twenty–three candidate items were considered.They were reduced by clustering items and simplifying weights and was
then tested by comparing performance in scleroderma patients and control patients, and validated with a group of experts.Skin thickening of the fingers
extending proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints is sufficient for a patient to be classified as having scleroderma. If this is not present, seven
other additive items are considered, with varying weights for each.Patients with a total score of в‰Ґ 9 are classified ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
4.PAH–Frequent,late, may be isolated –May occur, associated with pulmonary fibrosis
5. Scleroderma –Very rare–Occurs in 15%; early renal crisis
6. Calcinosis cutis –Frequent,prominent –May occur,

Asymmetric Low Limbs Edema Case Study
We report a case of a 46–year–old Caucasian female with asymmetric lower limbs edema and a feeling of heaviness in the limb, especially at the end
of the day and in hot weather, starting to 2 years ago. She also described Raynaud's phenomenon in hands and feet, lasting for more than 15 years.
Digital ulceration and cardiorespiratory, genitourinary or gastrointestinal symptoms were denied. No histories of trauma, travel outside Europe,
recurrent infections or malignancy were reported. Family history was negative for autoimmune or neoplastic diseases.
On physical examination, we observed a triphasic Raynaud's phenomenon and cutaneous thickening in upper limbs, extending from the extremities of
the fingers to the proximal metacarpophalangeal joints, and in lower limbs involving feet and legs. Her Modified Rodnan Skin Score was 13 out of
51. Sclerodactyly, telangiectasia or pitting scars were not noticed. Lower limbs had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Liver and kidney function, thyroid hormones and electrolytes were normal. No serologic evidence for filariasis infection was found. Nailfold
capillaroscopy revealed a reduced number of capillaries, some megacapillaries and spontaneous hemorrhages (Figure 2). These features are typical of
active SSc. Arterial and venous Doppler ultrasonography of the limbs did not reveal any compression or thrombosis. Lymphoscintigraphy showed a
compromise in lymphatic drainage of the right lower limb with a starting point in the upper 2/3 of the thigh and a tortuous lymphatic path with slowed
and tortuous flow in the lower left limb (Figure 3). These п¬Ѓndings suggested lymphatic impairment of the limbs. Abdominal and pelvic computed
tomography (CT) excluded injuries with compressive effect in the emergence of the lymphatic system of lower limbs. Echocardiogram, pulmonary
function tests, and high–resolution thorax CT excluded heart and pulmonary

Review Of ' Movie ' Star Wars '
Hunter Keane
Dr. Jarrod Whitaker
Ritual Studies
October 5, 2015
Untitled Jedi Paper When George Lucas released Star Wars in 1977, it would be reasonable to assume he possessed some level of expectations
regarding how his film saga would affect and alter the lives of its audience. What he may not have anticipated, however, is that his fictional
protagonists, the Jedi Order, and their respective philosophies would resonate so strongly within particular individuals to such an extent that it would
provide the foundation for the establishment of a new interpretation of reality; this philosophical movement is perceived by many as a religious
movement and, to some extent, a new religion in and of itself. Today, the church of "Jediism" is said to have accumulated thousands of followers across
the globe and is recorded as being the seventh–largest religion in the United Kingdom (DailyMail). While there is speculation that the census results
which produced these figures may be inconclusive due to insincere responses, it is widely accepted that Jediism is a very real concept for many
groups of individuals, one that affects their philosophical outlook as well as their everyday life. The church of Jediism is composed of many different
groups who share similar philosophies yet have slight variations in the articulations of their doctrines. The remainder of this paper will focus
specifically on the organization identified as "Jedi Living" or "Jedi Academy Online" and

Prepersonal Literature : Literature Review Of Viral Marketing
Literature review
Definition Viral Marketing
The term 'Viral Marketing' describes the phenomenon by which a marketing technique that uses preexisting social networking services and induces
websites to pass on marketing message to other users and sites that creates a potential exponential growth in brand awareness and to achieve marketing
objectives. It is a marketing strategy that focuses on broadcasting brand image and awareness hence motivating a buyer to purchase a product even
though it might be more costly than other products. Kaplan and Heinlein (2011) further define it as an 'electronic word of mouth' whereby a form of
marketing message is related to the company brand or product which is conveyed in an exponential growing way, mainly by the use of social media
and websites.
Viral marketing has many different dimensions but only 4 of them appear to be the most relevant and dominant;
1.Solicitation
First of all viral marketing may be offered with or without solicitation and may or may not be sought. De Bruyn and Lilien (2008) and Phelps et al.
(2004) all suggest that while consumers often find that unsolicited commercial messages coming from a company irritating, information about a
company is not considered 'junk' if it comes from someone they already know an example Pepsi using Mohamed Salah in their commercials to attract
their Egyptian customers. This is because the consumer assumes that the person passed along the message for a reason. East et al discovered

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Essay
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, is a type of low–grade non–Hodgkin lymphoma characterized
by bone marrow infiltration with lymphomasmacytic cells. WM was named after Jan Waldenstrom, a Swedish doctor who came across the disease
and labeled the disorder in 1944. It is an incurable, rare disease affecting 1 in 3 million people with a medial life span of 5–9 years after it is diagnosed.
The cause of this disease is unknown but recent indications and research show that the cause can be due to changes in the DNA. Age and gender are
the main factors with most occurrences in men over 50. WM's cancer cells are similar to multiple myeloma except that WM has lymphocyte features
that are not present in multiple ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prognosis is influenced by factors such as how advanced the disease is at diagnosis, and how rapidly it is advancing. Effective treatments are
traditional chemotherapy agents such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and melphalan. These can be given as a single agent or combination with
others such as rituximab. This monoclonal antibody has been found to be effective. Because WM is a rare disease, there are minimal research trials to
support this disease. But none the less, there are clinical trials available. Ongoing research has introduced new therapies including inhibitors and
alkylating agents. These ongoing clinical trials have shown that when compared to conventional chemotherapy agents, can not only treat the symptoms
of the disease, but also continue to further medicine's knowledge as to patient's prognosis while providing patients increased therapeutic efficacy,
longer remissions and most important, a better quality of life. Stem cell transplant is also an option. This process involves removal of blood forming
stem cells which are restored to the patient following chemotherapy treatment while the transplanted cells return to the bone marrow and produce new
blood cells. Another option for patients with a swollen spleen is the removal of the spleen. This would also help stabilize and stop the progression of the

Raynaud's Phenomenon Analysis
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral digital arteries and veins that is triggered by extreme heat or cold, emotional stress,
or chemical stress such as exposure to polyvinylchloride1–3. It is characterized by a signature three–color progression of the fingers or toes starting
with pallor and moving to cyanosis and ending with erythema as the digits are reperfused. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is having these attacks as an
isolated symptom without any underlying conditions. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon commonly occurs in individuals with connective tissue
disease, most often systemic sclerosis1,2. Treatment with phosphodiesterase–5 inhibitors such as tadalafil, sildenafil, and udenafil are effective at
reducing... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This may be sufficient in individuals with a mild primary condition, but for those with more severe attacks and attacks secondary to connective tissue
diseases, these lifestyle modifications may not be enough1. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon results in persistent small vessel damage which leads to
digital ulcers that can be complicated with infections. These infections have the potential to become necrotic and gangrenous1. Therefore, the focus of
this review is on treatment options to reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon attacks, as well as
improve the quality of life of individuals suffering from this condition with the goal of educating providers on the safest and most effective

Pumpkin Patch
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction THE COMPANY Company's history Key employees Key competitors Brands Business operations Location
Subsidiaries Catalogue & Internet VALUE CHAIN Product design and origination Product development and sourcing Marketing & communication of
brand values Distribution Customer Experience SWOT ANALYSIS FINANCIAL SITUATION STUDY QUESTIONS CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES APPENDIXES Our case assignment is about the New Zealand Retail Company Pumpkin Patch Ltd... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
– Free in store wi–fi, expecting to roll this out over the majority of the stores in the coming year. 70% of smartphone owners use them while in store
shopping so free wi–fi is a low cost way, creating a reason for customers to come into store, stay longer, and buy more. Location The location of the
stores is carefully evaluated, analysed by the customer catchments, customer demographics, cost of retail space and proximity of competitors and
other existing PPL stores. The sizes of the stores are between 250mand 350m2with leases of minimum 5 years. [pic] Image 1 Subsidiaries Pumpkin
Patch has had always in mind to widen its horizons, so they open up to 190 stores, planning on opening 11 more stores in 2013. Catalogue and Internet
Pumpkin Patch has an e–tall website called www.pumpkinpatchkids.com. Its average number of visits received on 2009 was 65 000 000. It is
regularly refreshed to include all the latest available ranges of products and services. Customers usually purchase their products on–store. Nevertheless,
there is a significant database of customers that purchase them via the Internet or the catalogues, which are produced seasonally at 300 000 in New
Zealand and Australia. VALUE CHAIN Product design and origination It's an extremely important part of the business

Raynaud Case Summary
Glossal pulse oximetry for anaesthetic management of patient with Raynaud's phenomenon.
Raynaud's phenomenon, is a disorder of the microvasculature due to vasoconstriction of the digital arteries, arterioles, and cutaneous arteriovenous
shunts, affecting the fingers and toes but can present on nose, ears and nipples. Continuous pulse oximetry, a standard basic anaesthesia monitoring as
per the American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) recommendation, could be challenging for these patients posted forsurgery under anaesthesia. We
discuss a case of Raynaud's phenomenon where glossal pulse oximetry was used intraoperatively.
A 65–year–old female, case of adenocarcinoma of lung was posted for radiofrequency ablation under general anaesthesia. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
High cost of the Nasal Alar SpO2 sensor, ВЈ20.62 per unit may deter its use in resource limited settings. Alternatively, invasive arterial line could be
inserted to measure arterial blood gases pre–induction, post intubation and following extubation, which could give a better information in such patients
posted for major surgeries.
In this era of newer gadgets, we hope that reporting of this case will help in familiarizing the newer generation of anaesthesiologists to this old lost
technique. In conclusion, glossal oximetry is a valuable method of intraoperative pulse oximetry in patient with Raynaud's phenomenon.
References:
1. CotГ© CJ, Daniels AL, Connolly M, Szyfelbein SK, Wickens CD Tongue oximetry in children with extensive thermal injury: comparison with
peripheral oximetry, Can J Anaesth, 1992; 39: 454–7.
2.Hickerson W, Morrell M, Cicala RS. Glossal pulse oximetry. Anesth Analg 1989;

Research Paper On Raynaud Phenomenon
Raynaud Phenomenon
Raynaud phenomenon is a condition that affects the blood vessels (arteries) that carry blood to your fingers and toes. The arteries that supply blood to
your ears, lips, nipples, or the tip of your nose might also be affected. Raynaud phenomenon causes the arteries to become narrow temporarily (spasm).
As a result, the flow of blood to the affected areas is temporarily decreased. This usually occurs in response to cold temperatures or stress. During an
attack, the skin in the affected areas turns white, then blue, and finally red. You may also feel tingling or numbness in those areas.
Attacks usually last for only a brief period, and then the blood flow to the area returns to normal. In most cases, Raynaud phenomenon does ... Show
RISK FACTORS
The following factors may make you more likely to develop this condition:
Being 20–40 years old.
Being female.
Having a family history of Raynaud phenomenon.
Living in a cold climate.
Smoking.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of this condition usually occur when you are exposed to cold temperatures or when you have emotional stress. The symptoms may last for
a few minutes or up to several hours. They usually affect your fingers but may also affect your toes, nipples, lips, ears, or the tip of your nose.
Symptoms may include:
Changes in skin color. The skin in the affected areas will turn pale or white. The skin may then change from white to bluish to red as normal blood
flow returns to the area.
Numbness, tingling, or pain in the affected areas.
In severe cases, symptoms may include:
Skin sores.
Tissues decaying and dying (gangrene).

DIAGNOSIS
This condition may be diagnosed based on:
Your symptoms and medical history.
A physical exam. During the exam, you may be asked to put your hands in cold water to check for a reaction to cold

Signs And Synthesis Essay
Signs and Symptoms Common symptoms of SLE are a molar rash, swollen and painful joints, fatigue, loss of hair known as alopecia, photosensitivity,
fever, and Raynaud's phenomenon (Watskins,2012). Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition where blood vessels spasm in the fingers and toes due to
cold weather (Watkins,2015). Fatigue occurs because of the low hemoglobin levels in the person's blood (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). People with SLE
also have inflammation of their lungs and heart that is characterized by chest pain and shortness of breath (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). According to
Isenberg and Manzi (2008), other symptoms include swollen lymph glands due to inflammation, loss of appetite and nausea. Loss of appetite and
nausea are seen to be correlated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They often experience arthralgia, which is pain of the joints without the swelling (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). These symptoms cause patients to have
difficulty carrying out their daily activates causing patients to feel fatigue, depressed and irritable (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). Besides the joints,
pneumonitis can occur too; this refers to the inflammation of the lung tissue that can be seen when someone is experiencing shortness of breath
(Isenberg & Manzi,2008). The kidneys are one of the major organs that are affected by lupus (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). Symptoms involving the
kidneys can be inflammation, increased amounts of proteins in the urine, and glomeruli involvement, which causes scarring in the kidneys. In the
involvement of the eye, Sjogren syndrome affects people with SLE causing the eyes to be dry, red, itchy, irritating, and causing sensitivity to bright
light (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). Those who wake up during the nighttime have a hard to opening their eyelids (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). Lastly, the
gastrointestinal involvement includes mouth ulcers that are painful, Sjorgrens syndrome causes a dry mouth (Isenberg & Manzi,2008). Overall, the
American College of Rheumatology created 11 diagnostic criteria's, in order to diagnose someone with SLE they must present with at least 4 of the
diagnostic criteria's (Watkins, 2102). The 11 diagnostic criteria

Dermatomyositis Research Paper
Dermatomyositis Dermatomyositis is not common disease. It's an inflammatory disease which causes muscle weakness and gives a distinctive skin
rash. It is more common in females than males, affects both adults and children. In adults, dermatomyositis usually occurs between the ages of late
40's and 60's and in children, it usually occurs between the ages of 5 and 15. Some of the distinctive symptoms of Dermatomyositis is the skin
changes that occur. The skin will develop a violet–colored or dusky red rash, most commonly on the face and eyelids and on areas around the nails,
knuckles, knees, elbows, chest, and back. The rash which can be patchy with bluish–purple discoloration is often the first sign of Dermatomyositis.
Muscles are also weakness progressively closest to the trunk, affecting both sides of the body and tends to gradually worsen.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This disease can put someone at higher risk of several conditions as well. They can be at risk for Raynaud's phenomenon where your fingers, toes,
cheeks, nose and ear turn pale when exposed to cold temperature and environment, other connective tissue diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis,
scleroderma, Dermatomyositis may cause the muscular muscles of the heart to become inflamed, Myocarditis. It can cause lung disease which is
called interstitial lung disease that scars the lung tissue, making the lung stiff and inelastic. Dermatomyositis can increase the likelihood of developing
cancer, particularly the cervix, lungs, pancreas, breasts, ovaries, and gastrointestinal

Low Dose Oral Imatinib During The Treatment Of Systemic...
Low–dose oral imatinib in the treatment of systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease unresponsive to cyclophosphamide: a phase II pilot study. A
clinical trial was performed to verify the effectiveness and tolerability of low–dose imatinibon (Tyrosine kinase inhibitors that may be a therapeutic
option for SSc patients) interstitial lung disease in a cohort of SSc patients unresponsive to cyclophosphamide therapy. Due to published clinical trails
that were inconclusive about imatinib effectiveness and showed side effects. The trial had thirty consecutive SSc patients with active pulmonary
involvement, unresponsive to cyclophosphamide, that were treated with imatinib 200 mg/day for 6 months followed by a 6–month follow–up. The
results showed that 26 patients completed the study, with three deaths and one lost to follow–up. Overall, 19 (73.07%) of the patients had improved or
stabilized lung disease with the completion of the trial. After the 6–month follow–up period, 12 (54.5%) of the 22 patients showed improved or
stabilized lung disease. In conclusion, lung function was stabilized in a large proportion of patients unresponsive to cyclophosphamide therapy and a
beneficial outcome emerged from the analysis of HRCT (High resolution computed tomography) lung scans. There was no significant improvement of
skin involvement, and the low dose was well tolerated. Therefore, the data provided useful suggestions to design future randomized clinical trials for
SSc therapeutics.

Summary Of Pierre Teilhard De Chardin
John Hughes
Mr. Lace
Senior Theology Honors
18 November 2011
Mr. Lace Trimester Final Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, A. North Whitehead, Monsignor Luigi Guissani, and Charles Hartshorne have contributed
significant bits of Theology as the Roman Catholic Church, perhaps a century late, has finally come to a difficult crossroads about the creation of the
world: Should the Vatican alter (no pun intended) modify Church Dogmas, which are infallible snippets of doctrinal teaching, or ignore rapid scientific
finds that have eroded the Church's belief that God created one man and one woman. These men, who study Theology, Physics, Theology, and
Philosophy, respectively, provide scientific basis on why theCatholic Church must adapt a Theology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, there is no proof for the alleged Creator. It is important, however, to acknowledge that Science has not disproved God either. Science has
further discounted the Church's teaching that Adam and Eve existed with artifacts of animals, many of which have human characteristics, existing
thousands of years before the appearance of the human form society knows today. Science has discovered that humans share approximately ninety
seven percent of the same DNA with chimpanzees, and that humans have one less chromosome than monkeys. Charles Darwin, a nineteenth century
English naturalist, developed a controversial peace that challenged the established theories of how humans developed, which until his time, remained
based heavily on the Christian Churches. His Theory of Evolution, and the Roman Catholic Church's response (or lack thereof) to the theory has brought
increased criticism from liberal theologians and scientists alike about whether or not the Church is serious about evolution and science in general. This
comes as an admittedly liberal organization, National Public Radio, released an article that detailed how "At Johns Hopkins University, research
suggests that chemicals that act on the serotonin system trigger mystical experiences that are life–altering. Serotonin is a chemical messenger that
helps regulate mood and sleep." (NPR) Consequently, some scientists now claim that the evidence is "scientific fact" that

Atherosclerosis Research Paper
have been directly linked to lupus, but I chose these cardiovascular diseases to highlight.
Athersclerosis is the accumulation of cholesterol and other substances along the inner linings of
arteries. This hardened plaque can eventually restrict the blood flow to various parts of the body
including the heart and brain. But lupus increases the chances of heart attacks associated with
atherosclerosis 7 to 9 times. Pericarditis occurs in 25% of people with SLE (Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus) It is the swelling and irritation of the pericardium which surrounds the heart.
When this thin membrane becomes irritated, it leaks fluid around the heart. A third, but certainly
not the last is Endocarditis. In this condition, there is a development

Primary Raynaud's Case Study
Early presenting signs and symptoms of both, Primary Raynaud's (PR) and Secondary Raynaud's include complaints of or evidence of sudden
intermittent episodes of skin color changes, pain, feeling of coldness, and pins–and–needles sensation in the affected areas. When an episode or an
attack occurs, the area first becomes white, as the blood flow decreases; a blue color follows, due to decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues; and
lastly, the area becomes red when the blood flow returns. Attacks can last minutes to hours, and can be initiated by temperature change or stress. The
intermittent attacks of PR generally do not result in tissue injury, and is not associated with an underlying disease process. The diagnosis usually
occurs between the ages of 15–30. Attacks with Secondary Raynaud's are triggered by cold exposure and stress as well, can last longer and result in
damage to the tissues, leading to ulcers, gangrene, and loss of the digit(s). Secondary Raynaud's is associated with an underlying disease, and is usually
diagnosed after the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The thumb is not normally involved. "In a small number of people ... the skin may thicken or tighten but ulcers or sores do not occur" (Ratchford &
Evan, 2015). Although the presenting symptoms are the same with Secondary Raynaud's, other processes of the underlying disease can evolve into
multi–system and/or organ involvement. The cause of PR is idiopathic, or without known reason; whereas the cause of Secondary Raynaud's is the
associated disease process. Depending on the underlying disease process, the symptoms are varied. For instance, with Rheumatoid Arthritis joint pain,
swelling, and joint changes can occur. Secondary Raynaud's does not cause systemic dysfunction, but is a symptom of the underlying disease; the
underlying disease process causes the systemic symptoms that commonly present with Raynaud's

Chapter 38 Nursing Management Vascular Disorders
Chapter 38: Nursing Management: Vascular Disorders
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.When discussing risk factor modification for a 63–year–old patient who has a 5–cm abdominal aortic aneurysm, the nurse will focus discharge
teaching on which patient risk factor?
a.
Male gender
b.
Turner syndrome
c.
Abdominal trauma history
d.
Uncontrolled hypertension
ANS:D
All of the factors contribute to the patient's risk, but only hypertension can potentially be modified to decrease the patient's risk for further expansion of
the aneurysm.
DIF:Cognitive Level: Apply (application)REF:842
TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC:NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
2.A patient has a 6–cm thoracic aortic aneurysm that was discovered during a routine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
walk to the point of pain, rest, and walk again until the pain returns for at least 30 minutes 3 times a week."
ANS:B

Because the patient has impaired circulation and sensation to the feet, the use of a heating pad could lead to burns. The other patient statements are
correct and indicate that teaching has been successful.
DIF:Cognitive Level: Apply (application)REF:837–839
TOP:Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC:NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
9.After teaching a patient with newly diagnosed Raynaud's phenomenon about how to manage the condition, which action by the patient demonstrates
that the teaching has been effective?
a.
The patient exercises indoors during the winter months.
b.
The patient places the hands in hot water when they turn pale.
c.
The patient takes pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) for cold symptoms.
d.
The patient avoids taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
ANS:A
Patients should avoid temperature extremes by exercising indoors when it is cold. To avoid burn injuries, the patient should use warm, rather than hot,
water to warm the hands. Pseudoephedrine is a vasoconstrictor, and should be avoided. There is no reason to avoid taking NSAIDs with Raynaud's
phenomenon.
DIF:Cognitive Level: Apply (application)REF:841
TOP:Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC:NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
10.The health care provider has prescribed bed rest with the feet elevated for a patient admitted to the hospital with venous

SLE Essay
The most common visceral organ that is affected in SLE is the kidneys; even though approximately 50% of SLE patients develop clear manifestations
of renal disease, the vast majority of the patients have some degree of renal involvement as demonstrated by biopsy studies [29]. The most common
devastating symptom of SLE is lupus nephritis [30]. SLE patients also have neurological manifestations that have been reported in 25–75% of patients
and can involve all parts of the nervous system [31]. These include headaches, cognitive deficits, psychosis, depression, and epileptic seizures [32].
Pleurisy with pleuritic chest pain with or without pleural effusions is the most common feature of pulmonary involvement in SLE [33]. Cardiac... Show
Although these criteria were developed for classification, they are extensively used for diagnosis of patients. These criteria include the most important
manifestations of SLE, namely mucocutaneous, articular, serosal, nephrologic, neurologic, hematologic, and immunologic. The patient must fulfill at
least 4 of the 11 ACR criteria (listed in Table 1) to be diagnosed as an SLE patient. The criteria must be fulfilled at any time in the patient's history
and symptoms may occur simultaneously or in succession [38, 39]. In 2012, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) had
published new classification criteria in which the patient must present with at least 4 of 17 SLICC classification criteria (listed in Table 2), including
at least one clinical and one immunologic criterion. Nonetheless, SLICC has not been extensively used in studies to determine the incidence of SLE
[2, 40]. Due to the complexity of SLE and its diversity in immunological and clinical manifestations, the assessment of the disease activity poses a
challenge. Therefore numerous clinical indices have been developed for the assessment of the activity of the disease due to the absence of single
biomarker that adequately reflects the activity of SLE. There are two main types of activity measures in SLE. The European Consensus Lupus Activity
Measurements (ECLAM), Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) are
examples of

What Are The Eight Signs Of The Heart And Blood Vessels
Eight signs, symptoms, and disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
1.Anxiety is a common symptom that has been seen in cardiac tamponade. When the pericardial sac is filled with too much blood or fluid it will
compresses the heart and the heart will stop working correctly.
2.Weakness is one of the symptoms seen in congestiveheart failure. Also abdominal pain and breathlessness can be experienced. Congestive heart
failure is a condition that causes the heart not to pump enough blood.
3.Nausea and chest pain are some symptoms of the coronary artery disease. The coronary artery collects over time plague that causes narrowing of the
artery. Due of the narrowing their arteries it causes the blood flow to the heart to be limited or complete

Raynaud's Disease Analysis
Introduction: Raynaud's phenomenon is a disease that affects the blood flow to your fingers, and rarely your toes, nose, ears, lips, nipples, and
knees can be affected as well. It is a result of an abnormal response of the blood vessels after being exposed to cold temperatures, increased stress, or
excitement. It was first recognized by Maurice Raynaud MD in 1862, and was subsequently named after him. He stated that, "local asphyxia of the
extremities' was a result of 'increased irritability of the central parts of the cord presiding over vascular innervation", (Herrick, 2005. para 1). A person
with Raynaud's suffers periodic attacks, where the blood vessels, mainly in the fingers, narrow causing spasm of the blood vessels. This results in a
decreased blood flow to the tissues of the fingers; then leads to first pallor, then ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(National Institutes of Health, 2014) When someone with Reynaud's experiences an attack; they go through three phases of color change to their
fingers, toes, or any other appendage that is affected. These phases begin with pallor, a white/pale color, in response to the spasms of the arterioles
and resulting collapse of the arteries which supply the fingers, and toes. As a result of this collapse of the arteries, cyanosis, a blue to purple color,
begins due to decreased or no oxygenated blood to the area. In severe cases, tissue death can occur, gangrene, if the person has prolonged periods of
disrupted blood supply to the areas affected. Once the arterioles relax and dilate blood quickly rushes back in, giving the appendage a rubor, bright red
color. They often experience increased temperature to the affected area, edema, pain, and throbbing. (National Institutes of Health,

Crest Syndrome Research Papers
CREST SYNDROME
Overview
Crest Syndrome is chronic tightening and hardening of the connective tissues and skin.
Calcinosis – painful lumps of the metal (calcium) element within the skin. These will occur on the fingers or alternative elements of your body.
Raynaud's phenomenon– white or cool skin on the hands and feet once you're cold or stressed. And 'it caused by blood flow problems.
Esophageal disease – problems swallowing. This can be caused by scarring within the muscular system, the tube that connects the mouth to the
abdomen.
Sclerodactyly – the organization and the thickening of the finger or toe skin. Will create it exhausting to bend your fingers.
Telangiectasia – Red spots on the hands, palms, arms, face and lips. These measure the square caused by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antacid drugs, If Crest Syndrome is giving you heartburn.
Blood pressure lowering drugs that reduce amplified pressure in the artery between lungs and heart.
Therapy
This two therapy can help to maintain your strength and flexibility,
Physical therapy. Stretching, warm–up exercises are important to help reduce the loss of mobility in your finger joints. A physical therapist can also
appearance you facial exercises that can help keep your face and the flexible mouth as well.
Occupational therapy. Though limited scleroderma is making it difficult for you to perform daily activities, an occupational therapist may help you to
learn new ways of doing things. Such as, special toothbrushes and dental floss devices can make it easier for you to care for your teeth.
Surgery
There are several surgeries that includes are:
Painful and large calcium deposits are sometimes used for surgically removed.
Laser surgery can decrease the formation of red spots or lines.
Amputation of fingertips may be needed if skin sores progress to

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