The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) was coined over two decades ago to designate applications of information and communication technologies to the operational management of transportation networks. The main promise of ITS has been very consistent over that period: network capacity can be freed up by optimizing traffic controls and empowering users with accurate travel information. It can be debated how much faith practitioners and policy makers have placed in technology by investing their resources, as well as the extent to which Intelligent Transportation Systems have delivered on their promise. However, there is no question that steady and sometimes spectacular advances in computing technologies and usage trickle down to transportation applications in important ways. As a result, new products and services emerge continuously. They include systems that address the direct needs of networks managers, as well as others that are developed in tangential markets (e.g. automotive) or even through non-market mechanisms (e.g. many mobile web applications). This talk presentation reviews major trends in information and communication technologies and demonstrate how each of them is driving innovative transportation services. We attempt to envision how those trends might develop in the future, so that we can finally examine some of their implications for travel demand and network management. There lie both challenges and opportunities for transportation engineers and planners, but either way, profound changes appear inevitable.

1. Intelligent Transportation J.D. Margulici
Trends and Perspectives jdm@novavia.us
2011 www.novaviasolutions.com
Chapter 5: Tolling and Enforcement
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2.  ITS primer and brief history
Intelligent Transportation
 State of the art: tolling & enforcement
Trends and Perspectives
2011
 Information technology trends
 Prospective and implications
J.D. Margulici
jdm@novavia.us
www.novaviasolutions.com

3. Transportation Funding
Not only is the Highway Trust Fund
running a deficit, current spending
levels are inadequate to even maintain
existing infrastructure in the long run
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 3

4. Transit Electronic Fare Payment Systems
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 4

5. Electronic Tolling and Enforcement
Texas Turnpike (Austin)
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 5

6. Road User Charges
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 6

7. Parking Payment / Enforcement
Add Streetline, SF Park…
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 7

8. Red Light Enforcement
850 fatalities, 170,000 injuries / year (NHTSA)
Systems reduce red light running, but safety benefits are moderate
Typically split revenue between provider and city
Big business – Total Addressable Market $3B by some estimates
Carlyle Group, Macquarie to acquire Redflex Holdings for $304m
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 8

9. Red Light Enforcement: Safety Benefits
FHWA-HRT-05-049, April 2005
Combined results for seven jurisdictions
Right-angle crashes Rear end crashes
Definite Total Definite
Total crashes injury crashes injury
EB estimate of crashes
expected in the after
period without RLC 1,542 351 2,521 131
Count of crashes
observed in the after 1,163 296 2,896 163
period
Estimate of percentage
- 24.6 - 15.7 14.9 24.0
change (standard error)
(2.9) (5.9) (3.0) (11.6)
Estimate of the change
in crash frequency - 379 - 55 375 32
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 9

10. Speed Enforcement
VASCAR (Visual Average Speed Computer And Recorder)
Speed reduction Speeding reduction Crash reduction
1-15% 14-65% 8-49%
Source: Cochrane Collaboration based on a review of 35 published studies
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 10

11. Automated Speed Enforcement Deployment: France
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 11

12. Occupancy Enforcement
1 2 3
ITS Trends and Perspectives - April 2011 12

13. Intelligent Transportation J.D. Margulici
Trends and Perspectives jdm@novavia.us
2011 www.novaviasolutions.com
Next is
Chapter 6: Mobility Services