3. DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
LIBERAL WELSH
POLITICIAN SERVING IN A
COALITION GOVERNMENT
WANTED TO PUNISH
GERMANY ECONOMICALLY
AND POLITICALLY, BUT NOT
AS MUCH AS THE FRENCH
DEMANDED
SAID OF BEING WITH
WILSON AND
CLEMENCEAU,, “I WAS
SEATED BETWEEN JESUS
CHRIST AND NAPOLEON!”
4. GEORGES CLEMENCEAU
NICKNAMED “LE TIGRE”, FORMER NEWSPAPER
EDITOR AND P.M. BEFORE THE WAR
HOSTED THE PEACE CONFERENCE
CALLED FOR ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHIC
CRIPPLING OF GERMANY AND RETURN OF
ALSACE AND LORRAINE
SURVIVED AN ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT
DURING THE CONFERENCE
WANTED OWNERSHIP OF GERMAN COAL
MINES AND FACTORY REGIONS
SAID OF WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS “EVEN
GOD HAD ONLY 10 COMMANDMENTS. WE
SHOULD NOT TRY TO IMPROVE THEM”
5. WOODROW WILSON
PRESBYTERIAN FROM VIRGINIA
FORMER PRESIDENT OF
PRINCETON AND GOVERNOR OF
NEW JERSEY
ONLY WON PRESIDENCY AFTER
REPUBLICANS SPLIT THEIR
VOTES BETWEEN TEDDY
ROOSEVELT AND W.H. TAFT
REFUSED TO NEGOTIATE WITH A
MONARCHY, SO KAISER
WILHELM DEPOSED AND A
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
ELECTED IN GERMANY
6. FOURTEEN POINTS
1. OPEN DIPLOMACY
2. FREEDOM OF THE SEAS
PEACE WITHOUT VICTORY
3. FREEDOM OF TRADE
4. REDUCTION OF ARMS INTRODUCED 10 MONTHS
5. COLONIAL READJUSTMENT BEFORE THE END OF THE WAR
BASED ON THE NEEDS AND RIGHTS
OF THE COLONIAL INHABITANTS IT THEIR DEFENSE, WILSON
6. RENEGOTIATING OF RUSSIAN
BECAME FIRST PRESIDENT
PEACE
7. RESTORATION OF BELGIUM
EVER TO TRAVEL TO EUROPE
8. FRANCE RESTORED, A.-L.
9. ITALIAN BORDERS ON CULTURE OPPOSITION: BRITISH WANTED
10. AUTONOMY FOR A.-H. THE SEAS, FRENCH WANTED
11. BALKANS ON CULTURE REPARATIONS
12. OTTOMAN BASED ON CULTURE
13. NEW POLAND
WON THE NOBEL PRIZE
14. LEAGUE OF NATIONS
7. VITTORIO ORLANDO
SICILIAN LIBERAL P.M. OF ITALY
FROM 1892-1921 HAD MAFIA
LINKS
LAW PROFESSOR AND AUTHOR
ITALY HAD JOINED ENTENTE IN
1915 AFTER TREATY OF LONDON,
WHICH PROMISED ITALY HUGE
TERRITORIAL GAINS IN AUSTRIA,
CROATIA, ALBANIA, AND ASIAN
AND AFRICAN COLONIES OF
GERMANY AND AUSTRIA
WILSON DENIED THESE CLAIMS
8. ARTICLE 227-230, ARTICLE 231
KAISER WILHELM AND OTHER WAR LEADERS WOULD BE
TRIED AS WAR CRIMINALS FOR OFFENSES AGAINST THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
“THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED GOVERNMENTS CONFIRM
AND GERMANY ACCEPTS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF
GERMANY AND HER ALLIES FOR CAUSING ALL THE LOSS
AND DAMAGE TO WHICH THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED
GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR NATIONALS HAVE BEEN
SUBJECTED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE WAR IMPOSED
UPON THEM BY THE AGGRESSION OF GERMANY AND HER
ALLIES.”
9. TERRITORIAL ADJUSTMENTS
SCHLESWIG TO DENMARK
ALSACE-LORRAINE TO FRANCE
GERMAN TERRITORY TO POLAND
DANZIG AS A FREE CITY
CZECHOSLOVAKIA RECOGNIZED
YUGOSLAVIA RECOGNIZED
CITIES TO BELGIUM
10. SHANGDONG
CHINA SENT 140,000 LABORERS
TO WORK FOR ENTENTE POWERS
IN EXCHANGE FOR GERMAN
COLONIES IN CHINA BEING
RETURNED TO CHINA AND NO
MORE EXTRATERRITORIALITY
JAPAN ALSO FOUGHT MORE FOR
ENTENTE, BUT MORE DIRECTLY,
AND CONQUERED SHANGDONG
(GERMAN TERRITORY IN CHINA)
FROM THE GERMANS
ARTICLE 156 GAVE SHANGDONG
TO JAPAN AS PAYMENT FOR
THEIR WAR EFFORTS
11. REPARATIONS
MEANT TO REPAY FOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO
FRANCE AND BELGIUM MORE THAN FOR LIVES OF
SOLDIERS AND PENSIONS
ORIGINALLY TOTALED ABOUT $400 BILLION IN TODAY’S
MONEY, WOULD HAVE TAKEN FROM 1921-1984 TO PAY
AMOUNT CUT IN HALF IN LATE 1921
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES, BRITISH FINANCIAL ADVISOR
AT THE CONFERENCE, RESIGNED IN DISGUST AND WROTE
“THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE” IN 1919.
14. OCCUPATION AND LIMITATIONS
RHINELAND TO BE PERMANENTLY DEMILITARIZED AND
OCCUPIED BY ALLIES UNTIL 1935
SAARLAND TO BE UNDER FRENCH CONTROL UNTIL 1935
NO CONSCRIPTION AND ARMY UNDER 100,000
NO MORE THAN 6 BATTLESHIPS, AND FEW SMALL SHIPS
NO WEAPONS MANUFACTURING OR PURCHASING
TANKS, U-BOATS, MILITARY AIRCRAFT PROHIBITED
16. ALLIED REACTION
FRENCH GENERAL FOCH: “THIS IS NOT PEACE. IT IS AN
ARMISTICE FOR TWENTY YEARS.”
U.S. SENATE REJECTED THE TREATY AND GENERALLY
RESUMED AN ISOLATIONIST STAND
OVER TIME, BRITISH POLITICAL LEADERS FELT GUILTY
FOR THE SEEMINGLY HARSH TERMS AND ALLOWED
GERMAN VIOLATIONS IN 1932, 1935, 1936 AND 1938 TO GO
UNPUNISHED
THE FRENCH, HOWEVER, OBJECTED STRONGLY
18. GERMAN REACTION
THE FIRST POST-WAR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT OF
GERMANY RESIGNED RATHER THAN SIGN THE TREATY
THE SECOND GOVERNMENT SIGNED THE TREATY AND
RATIFIED IT IN JULY 1919
MOST GERMANS HATED THE TREATY AND THOSE
POLITICAL LEADERS WHO ACCEPTED IT WERE VIEWED AS
TRAITORS WHO “STABBED GERMANY IN THE BACK”
