For absent Students

1. The days of World war One

2. The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians

3. The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians

4. Before 1906, a battleship was:
 10,000 tons
 400 ft. long
 maybe four big guns
 11 in. bore
 several 6 in. bore
 slow, twelve knots
 England and Germany
build many of them
 rendered obsolete

5. Battleship— H. M. S. Dreadnought
After 1906, a battleship was:
 18,000 tons
 520 ft. long, 82 ft. wide
 12, 12 in. bore guns
 range of 20 miles
 armor plate 11 in. thick
18 knots
 23,000 horse power
 2 million each

6. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The Industrialization of War
??

7. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The Industrialization of War

8. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
ALL of the Great Powers STOCKPILE Weapons!
.

9. The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians

10. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
Monarchy’s Last Breath: One Big Happy Family!

11. Allied
Powers
Central
Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austrian-
Hungarian Empire
Turkey

12. The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians

13. The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians

14. Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Millions

15. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
“It will be over by Christmas…”
Cheering crowds gathered in public
squares in every capital of all of the
countries of Europe.
Thousands of young men, praised by
thousands of young women, enlisted.
August 1, 1914 in Berlin
Arthur Kampf (1914)

16. The Immediate Cause
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians

17. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his Wife Sophie
Meet the “Black Hand” and Assassin Gavrilo Princip

18. Saravejo
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
Secret-Entangling Alliances: The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Bosnia was a
bewildering array
of ethnic and
religious groups
that broke away
from the Ottoman
Empire only to be
occupied by
Austria.
Summer of 1914

19. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
General von Schlieffen and “The Schlieffen Plan”
On his deathbed, he declares, “Only keeps zee right wing strong…”
“The Schliefen Plan” (1891-1905):
 Russia is big but slow (six weeks to mobilize)
 feint at French boarder at Ardennes
 Assemble 90% of troops on Belgium and
Luxemburg boarder (34 divisions)
 take Paris, force France to surrender
 transfer troops to defeat Russia
 the Kaiser dictates peace terms
 and it would have worked if those pesky… Gen. von Schlieffen

20. “The Schlieffen Plan”
“Paris
for
lunch…
…Moscow
for dinner!”

21. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
“The Schlieffen Plan” WHAT WENT WRONG!?
“The Schlieffen Plan” What went wrong!?:
 Schlieffen died (1913), and new generals
worried about southern flank
 too much early success, by end of August the
German army was shelling Paris
 drew down troops on the Western Front to
strengthen southern flank (should have been
just for defense)
 the Russians mobilized sooner than thought
 Germany had to reinforce Eastern Front
 6-9 September French and British forces
stopped the German offensive at Marne
(called “The Miracle of the Marne” by Allies
Gen. Helmuth Ludwig von Moltke
“Moltke the Younger”

22. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
WWI and the Failure of Leadership
Both Side “Dug” In:
 For the next four
years both side
launched one
offensive after another
 hurling millions of
men across “No Man’s
Land”

23. * Paris
THE RACE TO THE SEA

24. “TRENCH WARFARE”

25. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
WWI and “Trench Warfare”

27. “Over-The-Top”

28. p.726

32. 1914, The Battle of the Marne
1 million casualties
1916, The Battle of Verdun
700,000 casualties
1916, The Battle of the Somme
500,000 casualties
58,000 on the first day
1917, The Battle of Ypres
340,000 casualties

33. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
German High Command: Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff

34. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
WWI and the Failure of Leadership. Why?
The “Professional Soldiers” of WWI:
 thoroughly trained in the art of 19th
century warfare
 studied the great battles of the 18th and
19th centuries – Napoleon
 experienced in colonial wars with
natives and tribal warriors
 saw war as a game – national sport,
victory comes with team spirit and
redoubling of individual effort
 To them there had to be a way to break
the “Deadlock”
General Douglas Haig (British)
dubbed “Sir” made 1st Earl
by King George V

35. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
Deadlock: Allies Attempt

36. 1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution
Deadlock: The Germans Attempt