The Catholic Reformation was a period of reform in the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation. Two key popes, Paul III and Julius III, oversaw ecumenical councils that supported traditional Catholic doctrines. The Council of Trent met from 1545-1563 and reformed clerical education and the sale of indulgences. The Jesuits were also established in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola to convert people and educate them on six continents. Several Catholic orders like the Ursulines and Oratorians were also founded to further the reforms and spread Catholic teachings.