Emerging Developments in Clinical Decision Support Systems

Emerging Developments Of Clinical Decision Support Systems...
Emerging Developments in Clinical Decision Support Systems and the Challenges in Knowledge
Representation By Florence F. Odekunle Department of Health Informatics School of Health
Related Professions Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey BINF 5005 Assignment 2 Fall 2015
Background Information Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is gaining increased recognition
in healthcare organization. This is due to an increasing recognition that a stronger CDSS is crucial to
achieve a high quality of patients care and safety1,2. CDSS is a class of computerized information
system that supports decision–making activities2. It uses patient data to provide tailored patient ...
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The output can also take a number of forms and can be delivered to a number of destinations at any
time before, during or post–interaction with the patient4. CDS is most effective when provided at
the time that the physician is formulating her assessment of the patient's condition and is making
ordering decisions2. CDS encompasses a variety of tools to enhance decision–making in the clinical
workflow. These tools include computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patients;
clinical guidelines; condition–specific order sets; focused patient data reports and summaries;
documentation templates; diagnostic support, and contextually relevant reference information,
among other tools. Computer–assisted decision support is only acceptable when it allows the
physician to override a system–provided recommendation and choose an alternative action2. The
most successful decision–support intervention makes complying with the suggested action easy. A
brief rationale is generally provided with the recommendation, and complying with the
recommendation is as easy as hitting the Enter key or clicking the mouse. CDSS can vary greatly in
design and function, undergoing a constant evolution of their scope and application4. The majority
of CDS applications operate as components of comprehensive electronic health record systems,
although
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Components of Mis
COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Hardware
Input and output devices constitute the hardware components of MIS.
Software
The programs and applications that convert data into machine–readable language are known as
software.
Procedures
Procedures are sets of rules or guidelines, which an organization establishes for the use of a
computer–based information system.
Personnel
The computer experts, managers, users, analysts, programmers, database managers, and many other
computer professionals who utilize the computer–based information systems are the personnel in a
management information system.
COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM USED IN LILAVATI
HOSPITAL & RESEARCH SYSTEM
1) Marketing Research System (MRS)
2) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This definition has the advantage of simplifying Clinical Decision Support to a functional concept.
Basic definition of a CDSS in its simplest form is that it is a decision support system (DSS) that is
used in the clinical setting. Often a Diagnostic Decision Support System DDSS is assumed to be
equivalent to a CDSS and are thought to be interchangeable. However, in a clinical setting, making
diagnoses based on clinical data is only a subset of the spectrum in which DSS can be used in a
clinical setting. Purpose/Goal
The main purpose of modern CDSS is to assist clinicians at the point of care. This means that a
clinician would interact with a CDSS to help determine diagnosis, analysis, etc. of patient data.
Previous theories of CDSS were to use the CDSS to literally make decisions for the clinician. The
clinician would input the information and wait for the CDSS to output the "right" choice and the
clinician would simply act on that output. The new methodology of using CDSS to assist forces the

clinician to interact with the CDSS utilizing both the clinician's knowledge and the CDSS to make a
better analysis of the patients data than either human or CDSS could make on their own. Typically
the CDSS would make suggestions of outputs or a set of outputs for the clinician to look through
and the clinician officially picks useful information and removes erroneous CDSS suggestions.
An example of

Clinical Decision Support System
Doctors, whether generalists or specialists, can no longer control the entire medical knowledge to
recognize disease or determine the best therapeutic management. Thus, they often use external
sources of information, traditionally colleagues, books, and Clinical Practice Guidelines, to find the
information they lack. Nevertheless, despite the on–line diffusion of large volumes of easily
accessible documentary resources, finding a solution to the problem posed by a given patient
remains a difficult task. Early on, clinical decision support systems have been developed as potential
solutions to this difficulty (Berner, 2007). The development of such systems appears even more
crucial that many studies are published each year and who report frequent mistakes in the
management of patients. Since the publication of "To Err is Human" (Kohn et al., 2000), CDSS are
gaining an increased pop–ularity in various domains of health care. ... Show more content on
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According to Shortliffe (1987) a clinical DSS is "any computer program designed to help health
professionals make clinical decisions". And as stated by Conejar and Kim (2014), CDSSs are
expected to improve the quality of care by providing more accurate, effective, and reliable
diagnoses and treatments, and by avoiding errors due to physicians' insufficient knowledge.
Moreover, they allow the doctors especially the novice ones to learn more from existing
experiences, evaluate their capabilities, and enhance their performance of diagnoses. In addition,
CDSS can decrease healthcare costs by providing a more specific and faster diagnosis and by
processing drug prescriptions more efficiently (Garg et al, 2005, Kawamoto et al, 2005, Roshanov et
al,

Clinical Decision Support System Analysis
A computer program that several doctors and hospitals are now using to manage patient care is a
clinical decision support system (CDSS). These programs theoretically will compile the patient's
medical history, access the long term treatments, and help in the diagnosis process with the
information accumulated from multiple areas within the program. The four main functions of the
program are administrative, managing clinical complexity and details, cost control and decision
support. The systems have been created for time management, to retain more precise records and to
assist in the diagnosis process for physicians. This allows for consistent and standardized care.
Multiple inquiries and apprehensions arise with the use of a CDSS program. The computer program
can only amass the information that is entered into the system. It is imperative that the managing,
monitoring and updating of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is concern for the doctor/patient relationship, in addition to, how well the system diagnosis's
serious illnesses. Continuous and monitored training is also a necessity. What and who is making
those decisions? If a physician assistant sees a patient and the program gives a diagnosis, is the
patient truly getting the proper care, what about the accuracy of the invoice? Will this allow a less
qualified individual to make decisions in regard to the patients' health care that may not be within
the scope of the job? Will there become a point that doctors rely too much on the CDSS? In my
opinion, the greatest fear would be a data breach with the amount of personal and medical health
information collected at businesses using a CDSS program. The most advanced and stringent
security measures would be imperative. Although having interoperability among the numerous
different CDSS programs could be beneficial, it also opens the door for increased

Clinical Decision Support For Medication Using...
Clinical Decision Support in Medication Utilizing Computerized Provide Order Entry Kishan Desai
Walden University Clinical Decision Support in Medication Utilizing Computerized Provide Order
Entry As medication plays an important role when it comes to resolving health related problem and
improve patient's health, at time the process to prescribe or the process followed by many of the
clinician itself can be complex and erroneous. Such process can cause many medications related
injuries, permanent health related problems. A proper system in place can not only bypass this
problem but also helps better manage medication prescribing and lower the cost of medication
related operations, Computerized Provider Order Entry is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Part of this CDS system would drive key decision making development process for provider as well
as real time support, information and diagnosis related pieces. Complex rules once added to CDS,
while placing orders through CPOE, system can alert user to check for allergies, overdose of
medication and duplication of medication or orders. CPOE along with CDS would not only have
these limited benefits but could also help improve hospital's workflow, rapid and accurate plan of
care, quality of care, reduce the cost of care along with being compliant on department of health
regulations and guidelines. CPOE has reach not only to inpatient but ancillary environment as well
making it more efficient for hospital use. Since both the system CDS and CPOE work alongside it
make the process of orders rapid, accurate, decreases order confirmation time to zero and better
turnaround time for outcome results. CPOE products There are many choices available in market
when it comes to selected CPOE products. Two of the best products that I would go with are
Orchard software's Copia and Allscripts's Sunrise Clinical Manager. The combination of these two
could revolutionize the way process works. As they come with EHR, EMR, PHR integration, they
also have the best compatibility when it comes to CPOE for HIS and LIS. Copia would be to utilize
for

The Electronic Health Record And Clinical Decision Support
Evaluation Project: Part 1
Arcandrice Richardson
Walden University
System Design, Planning, and Evaluation
NURS 6431
Dayna Herrera
September 24, 2015 Evaluation Project: Part 1
The scenario selected for this evaluation project focuses on the electronic health record. The
scenario involves patient documentation, clinical decision support, and performing nursing notes.
The project involves evaluation and implementation of EHR. The electronic health record and
clinical decision support are not only relevant to my current organization but also are particular
interest of mine. The electronic health record has helped to reduce the amount of paper which was a
nightmare to maintain with the number of new patients being admitted daily. The electronic health
record has also reduced the amount of missed documentation and errors. Any clinician can testify to
the wasted time and poor communication among providers that sometimes results because
antiquated paper records still predominate in our offices and on the hospital wards (Shortliffe, E. H.,
Tang, P. C., & Deimer, D. E., 1991). The clinical decision support system has been a great assistance
to clinicians. Nurses, health visitors and midwives, as the largest group of healthcare professionals,
record and generate most of the information used to maintain and improve patient care (Levy, S., &
Heyes, B., 2012). Clinical support systems (CDSS) integrate information (ideally from high–quality
research studies) with the

Clinical Decision Support System ( Cdss ) Essay
Background Information Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is gaining increased recognition
in healthcare organizations. This is due to an increasing recognition that a stronger CDSS is crucial
to achieve a high quality of patients care and safety1,2. CDSS is a class of computerized
information system that supports decision–making activities2. It uses patient data to provide tailored
patient assessments and evidence–based treatment recommendations for healthcare providers to
consider2,3". Patient data can be input by digital entry, queried from other clinical information
systems or transmitted from medical devices. Patient data are compared against a knowledge–base
and made sense of by an inference mechanism. The knowledge base can be procured commercially
or developed in–house. The inference mechanism can be highly variable in sophistication ranging
from a simple 'yes 'no and 'if 'then statement to Bayesian prediction techniques and/or fuzzy logic.
The output can also take a number of forms and can be delivered to a number of destinations at any
time before, during or post–interaction with the patient4. CDS is most effective when provided at
the time that the physician is formulating her assessment of the patient's condition and is making
ordering decisions2. CDS encompasses a variety of tools to enhance decision–making in the clinical
workflow. These tools include computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patients;
clinical guidelines;

The Major Component Of Clinical Decision-Support System
The major components of Clinical Decision–Support System (CDSS) was generated to manage
daily work flow in a more effective manner in regards to clinicians cognitive thing. This would also
help aid in "clinical data banks and algorithms, analytic or pathophysiologic models, clinical
decision theoretical models, statistical pat–terns recognition methods, symbolic reasoning, and
clinical expert knowledge bases...." (Tan, 1998 pp.220) The goal of CDSS was to improve patient
care and assist in the patients' quality of life with the help of the Clinical Reminder System (CRS).
Evidence based medicine is based on the research within previous patient care which included
chronic conditions as well as care and preventive medicine. The computerized system

Clinical Decision Support Stakeholders
Stakeholder's Perspective of Clinical Decision Support System Abstract Clinical Decision Support
System (CDSS) has potential chances to enhance general security, quality what's more, cost–
adequacy of human services. The CDSS has existed for over four decades, yet its selection rate by
therapeutic groups is not empowering even in the nations that have been a pioneer in creating them.
At numerous locales, it was hazardous, slowed down in the arranging stages or never at any point
endeavored. To date, CDSS is considered as an incompletely effective framework. A few current
difficulties have not been enough tended to amid the improvement of CDSS. According to most
recent research, the arrangements of difficulties are: enhance the human–PC interface, ... Show
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Solid frameworks are: an) interesting to clinical spaces and are unreasonable to create and look
after, b) shut circle that is not intended for simple coordination with different frameworks, c) firmly
bound to the necessities of the clinical area that they benefit. It is simpler to compose a totally new
application than to reapply the usefulness [21]. To surmount the solid CDSS issues' practicality,
reusability, adaptability clinical choice backing frameworks, engineers began depending on the
layered design. They began the utilization of models to speak to, encode, store and share clinical
learning (one layer) and separate it from the code that actualizes the clinical data framework (second
layer), in this way gives a technique to sharing the substance of choice backing. Notwithstanding,
this principles based methodology has some inalienable confinements, and detriments. In the first
place, there are regularly as well numerous guidelines to browse a few dozen measures are
accessible to speak to straightforward cautions and

Clinical Decision Support Systems ( Cdss )
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) can be described as information systems to improve the
decision making ability of people interacting with it(Niès et al., 2010). Hospitals with integrated
Health Information Systems (HIS) are encouraged to utilize CDSS(Jonathan Teich, Saldana, &
Levick, 2012). Multiple fragments such as Electronic Health Record(EHR), laboratory information
system, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), radiology information system and pharmacy
information system combine together to form an integrated HIS(Niès et al., 2010). Each piece of the
HIS is essential to generate proper CDSS suggestions in the form of on screen alerts, that have been
found to be most effective(Shojania et al., 2009). Diagnostic laboratory testing has been steadily
increasing over time in many medical settings all over the world. Hence, proper laboratory testing is
crucial for better patient health(van Walraven & Naylor, 1998). Laboratory testing of patients can be
inappropriate, and mostly it is repetitive testing(Neilson, 2004). The integrated HIS itself can also be
a factor in encouraging repetitive examination, it can be based on different factors such as, when
there is a disconnect between the HIS workflow and the physician's workflow, test ordered in
another department may not be shown in another department, tests taken by the patient at a different
location of the same hospital group, patient recently taking the test in a different hospital
group(Koppel & Ross,

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Clinical Decision Support
INTRODUCTION Clinical decision support provides clinical staff, patients and other individuals
with person–specific information. The first computerized clinical support systems used in clinical
practice was developed in the 1970s. There has been an outstanding number of clinical successes
since their development, but their clinical practice routine is not as sustainable. Clinical decision
support help to aid the clinician with decision making using relevant content at the point of
computerized prescriber order entry ("American Journal of Health–System Pharmacy", 2017).
Using the decision system for clinical informational outcomes is a way you can promote health
quality in the work place. In a way this can shorten the time that you must wait to see a provider. In
this analysis we will identify the strengths and weaknesses of clinical support systems. What are the
different challenges that support systems have yet to conquer? Why does clinical support matter in
healthcare? Hospitals utilize healthcare technology such as electronic health records to enhance
patients care and the development of clinical decision and support systems to stretch that goal.
There are a selection of tools that are put into place to enhance the decision making in the clinical
workforce. Different CDS tools consist of computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and
patients, clinical guidelines, condition specific order sets, diagnostic support, among other tools
("Policy Researchers &

Clinical Decision Support System Impacts On Healthcare System
Clinical Decision Support System Impacts on Healthcare System TaeHyuk Hur Introduction The
Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is used by health professionals to help and improve the
process of enhancing health care decisions to improve the quality of patient care. Under the
approval of American Recovery and Reinvestment, there are many healthcare technologies are
being into use such as Electronic Health Record (EHR) and Computerized Physician Order Entry
(CPOE). CDSS is often integrated into EHR systems to manage clinical data and assist with clinical
decision making with pertinent clinical knowledge and information and a variety of CDSS tools
such as alerts for drug interactions, patient allergies and reminders for preventive care in the clinical
work flow. CDSS are expanding in the health care setting and have been integrated with
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE). Both work to integrate advanced clinical decision
support. CDSS has great benefits for the health and healthcare fields including improving quality
care, health outcomes, and the efficiency of healthcare services delivery. Also, it can help reduce
medication errors and lower medical costs. However, if healthcare professionals use it improperly or
only rely on CDSS in their clinical practice, there are significant negative impacts related to patient
safety and outcomes due to the risk factors from adopting CDSS such as false interpretation of
clinical data, and failure to use the CDSS routinely

Final Term Paper : Clinical Decision Support Systems
HLST 4330 – Final Term Paper
Clinical Decision Support Systems in North America
Submitted To: Professor El Morr
Submitted By: Ramanjeet Singh 209 820 663
Christina Vecchiarelli 211 485 844
Date: Monday April 13th 2015 Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Decision Support System Used in Case 3
What Decision Support Technologies were used? 3
Analyze the users and type of decisions involved. 4
Strengths 4
What are the major benefits of this DSS? 4
Analyze the requirements of the system and how this DSS is reducing medical errors and improving
clinical practice. 5
Weaknesses 5
What problems or difficulties do you anticipate with implementation of this type of decision support
solution? 5
Conclusion 5
References 6
Introduction
Decision Support System Used in Case
What Decision Support Technologies were used?
UHN in Toronto is a major community care network that reaches out to and provides care to the
masses. However in order to provide this kind of care they must have a very powerful decision
support system. UHN utilizes an advanced CPR to support computerized physician order entry
(CPOE). (Wu, Perters, & Morgan, 2002) A CPR system is a computer–based patient record system.
A CPR system must provide a comprehensive clinical decision support it must include both a patient
focus and a population focus. The physical computer system that is installed on the computers at
UHN is called Patient 1® which is a clinical information system developed by Atlanta Based Per–
Se

Since the 1970s, Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been implemented, tested and
evaluated in different health environments. From 'De Dombal's system for acute abdominal pain' to
''IBM Watson Health'', this health information technology has been a key for the perfection and
improvement of health care systems around the world. In a perfect world, Clinical decision support
systems seem to be the answer to human errors made by physicians and improvement of quality of
care for patients. But, what have we learn in the past 50 years of having these devices? Do they
actually deliver all the wonderful promises that they make? Are they actually worth the cost and
effort put in the past years and present? In this paper, we will talk about ... Show more content on
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It was conclude that the actual pathway of using lab testing will be more practical that this systems.
CDSS systems promise an improvement in the quality of medical care, increasing the practice of
evidence–based medicine by using these systems as their main tool. A Successful CDSS should be
able to provide clinical and patient knowledge to clinicians, patients or caregivers to being able to
make the best decision with the best outcome for patient care. Patient information should be able to
be match to this clinical data base, and the system as an outcome will make the most fitting
recommendation in good communication standards and appropriated time during the patient care. In
the present, there is not a CDSS that's has been able to deliver this. Most of the CDSS are
standalone products that lack interoperability with other systems such as the health record software.
The inability of adaptation of CDSS systems to current health care software makes it a pretty time
consuming tool that in the end is nor improving nor worsening the patient quality of care.
A second problem that CDSS has to deal with is the technical challenges and barriers to
implementations, due to the lack of standardize systems in the medical field, is really hard to make a
CDSS that will work with every system and every work flow of every hospital around the

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) can be described as information systems to improve the
decision making ability of people interacting with it (Niès, Colombet et al. 2010). Hospitals with
integrated Health Information Systems (HIS) are encouraged to utilize CDSS (Jonathan Teich
2012). Multiple fragments such as Electronic Health Record (EHR), laboratory information system,
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), radiology information system and pharmacy
information system combine together to form an integrated HIS (Niès, Colombet et al. 2010). Each
piece of the HIS is essential to generate proper CDSS suggestions in the form of on screen alerts,
that have been found to be most effective (Shojania, Jennings et al. 2009). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2005). However, CDSS embedded into the integrated HIS can reduce the number of such repetitive
tests (Bates, Kuperman et al. 1999, Neilson, Johnson et al. 2004). The objective of this literature
review is to study the evidence of CDSS on reducing inappropriate laboratory testing. The literature
review focuses on teaching hospital healthcare setting. The percentage and the effect of CDSS on
reducing the number of inappropriate tests are reported. Also the financial effect of reduced
laboratory testing is studied. BACKGROUND A considerable number of diagnostic tests ordered by
teaching hospital can be considered unnecessary (Schroeder, Kenders et al. 1973, Eisenberg,
Williams et al. 1977, Williams and Eisenberg 1986, Dorizzi, Dall 'Olio et al. 1996). Redundant test
ordering is expensive resulting in excessive false–positive outcomes, leading to further causeless
testing, treatment and expenses (Bates, Goldman et al. 1991). Despite extensive research on the
redundant and excessive usage, test ordering has not declined much over the past decade (Axt–
Adam, Van Der Wouden et al. 1993). Different types of interventions have been introduced to
reduce the excessive test ordering, some of them include – incentives, rationing, education and
feedback leading to 25% reduction for the intended test orderings (Detsky 1987). However, even the
most effective interventions have irregular success and always the interventions are expensive in

Clinical Decision Support Essay
An Analysis of Clinical Decision Support for an Effective Population Health Management
Effectively managing the health of the population requires tremendous efforts and strategies of a
healthcare organization. Leveraging the use of health information technology such as enabling the
use of clinical decision support (CDS) at the point care is one of the strategies for an effective
population health management (PHM). Rush–Copley Medical Center has successfully demonstrated
the effectiveness of CDS at the point of care in managing a TB outbreak, which has resulted in
containing the disease and further outbreak in the general population. Such an example has shown
the optimization of the systems and the value of health information technology ... Show more
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Having the same guidelines for screening protocols eliminated the risk of missing the signs and
symptoms of patients that might have the disease.
Secondly, providing highest quality treatments on the latest evidence–based practices have
contained the outbreak. Leveraging the use of ProVation Order Sets, providers were presented with
proper protocols and treatments after identifying the high–risk patients. The Rush–Copley Medical
Center implemented CDC, state, and local guidelines for treatment procedures and specific
diagnosis (Homan, 2013). Latest information taken from these entities was used to update the order
sets to assist clinicians to properly identify patients that either had active or latent phase TB
(Homan, 2013).
Lastly, avoiding unnecessary or duplicate orders was another reason why this organization was
successful in avoiding a total TB outbreak. To further optimize the health information technology by
using the electronic health records captured patient's information in the EHR system was helpful in
guiding physician's to avoid unnecessary orders for a patient (Homan, 2013). Additionally, it helped
Rush–Copley Medical Center avoids unnecessary expenses and saves costs for the treatment of the
disease.
Enhancement of the PHM Strategies
It would have been much more effective

Clinical Decision Support System Paper
The value of Clinical Decision Support Systems is having additional avenues monitoring patient's
data input. The Clinical Decision Support Systems are offering notifications of patient's record data
to specified department or medical personal. The Clinical Decision Support Systems have
challenges to overcome such as information technology must be design a effective system which
notify certain outlier medical information data input. This requires a very through collaboration
between the Information Technology Department and the medical facility. Once the specified
notifications are designed the medical facility will perform a test run to confirm accuracies and
promptness of the required notifications. The next challenge with Clinical Decision ... Show more
The Computerized Provider Order Entry is effective program to help organization improve quality
measures and financial margins. The CPOE is effective program; which monitors a hospitals current
performance and calculates methods of improvement. For example, Trinity Hospital a leader in
clinical intelligence to track and report across it members hospitals on systems wide quality
measures (Balgrosky, 2015). The Clinical Provider Order Entry will help patients compare programs
graded by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid and Hospital Quality Assurance. This program will
further enhance the patient–centric model because patients will have comprehensive comparison of
hospitals to make informed medical decision as to where they would like to receive treatment. The
quality measures monitor readmission, complications, patient's experience surveys and other
categories. Patients are interested in receiving health care in top–notched care facilities that address
their needs. Consumer needs are very important because translating into referrals by word–of–
mouth or rankings. Technology plays a major role in an organization's success with supports Judy
Murphy idea of enhancing patient's health information technology

Clinical Decision Support System Essay
The problem our group will be investigating:–
There are a lot of problems and challenges involved in implementing a clinical decision support
system. It is important for medical staff (doctors, administrators etc.) to be an integral part in the
implementation and development of CDSS. Our limited research concluded that acceptance of such
technology is not easy amongst physicians. One of the main reasons for non acceptance is that the
physicians want to be a standalone entity. We plan to investigate many challenges such as lack of
technical expertise, cost, integration, misdiagnosis, speed etc involved in implementation of
different types of CDSS in the health care industry today. Our research paper will focus on the
different decision problems involved in these challenges.
We plan to investigate CDSS in domains such as:
a) Real time patient diagnosis.
b) Electronic medical records.
c) Disease management. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to ensure successful integration, the organization must ensure that the key players, mainly
the physicians, are informed of the benefits to the individual physician, the health care organization,
and health care as a whole
Following are the five reasons why CDSS should be used in the hospital emergency department:–
1. Reduce the risk of medication errors.
2. Reduce misdiagnoses
3. Provide the entire care team with reliable consistent information
4. Improve efficiency and patient–throughput
5. Access all information in one place.
Recommendation and Conclusion.
At the end of this semester, our group will articulate the results related to issues faced in different
domains of CDSS. Then, we will also propose our own recommendation based on the literature
sources that we will review about Clinical Decision Support System.
Work plan

Information Systems With Clinical Decision Support
Question 1– Answer: When organizations are implementing information systems with clinical
decision support, they hold on to these "ten commandments" for successful clinical decision
support. The creators trust that the key apparatus for health care will be data frameworks that give
decision support to clients at the time they decide, which ought to bring about enhanced nature of
consideration. Moreover, suppliers make numerous blunders, and clinical decision support can be
valuable for finding and anticipating such mistakes. In the course of the most recent eight years the
creators have actualized and examined the effect of decision support over a wide cluster of areas and
have found various regular components ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is insufficient for the data a supplier needs to just be accessible somewhere in the framework–
applications must suspect clinician needs and convey data to clinicians at the time they require it.
Simply making data available electronically, while superior to anything nothing, has little effect.
Systems can serve the basic part of social affair and making relationship between bits of data that
clinicians may miss due to the sheer volume of information. For instance– Underlining a low–
potassium level in a patient receiving the digoxin helps to not miss this point. 2. Little things can
make a big difference–improve usability to "do the right thing." Here usability matters more.
Creator must make it simple for a clinician to "make the best choice." In the human variables world,
usability testing has tremendously affected enhancing systems. For instance, in one application,
when the default was set to have clinicians enter the analysis as free content as opposed to from a
code list underneath, a much bigger extent of judgments were entered as free content than when we
had defaulted to the in all probability coded alternative. For sample, suppliers did not get updates
about diabetes if diabetes was entered as free content. 3. Recognize that physicians will resist
stopping–offer alternatives rather than insist on stopping an action. Over a wide exhibit

Framework For Clinical Decision Support Systems With...
tual Framework for clinical Decision Support Systems with Considering the Distributed Electronic
Health Records and Centralized Knowledge Engines
Hassan Ghaedi1,*, Hassan SHakeri2, Elham Gholami3, Alireza Chamkoori4
1,4Department Of computer, Khormuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khormuj, Iran
*Hassan.ghaedi@yahoo.com
chamkoori_alireza@yahoo.co.uk
3Department Of computer, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran
Gholami.elh@gmail.com
2Department Of computer, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Hassan.shakeri@gmail.com
Abstract: In this paper, a new Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) Framework was proposed
which satisfies the compatibility, interoperability, and scalability objectives of EHR. The system
will also have a set of Distributed Electronic Health Records and centralized Knowledge Engines.
These Electronic Health Records are minimized and distributed In some parts of the country
Knowledge Engines are centralized and work together. Each centralized Knowledge Engine is
specialized in a specific domain.
Index Terms– Clinical decision support systems, Electronic Health Record, Knowledge Engine,
decision making
I. INTRODUCTION
A Decision Support System is an interactive computer–based system intended to help decision
makers utilize data and models in order to identify and solve problems and make decisions [1]. A
Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is an active knowledge system, where two or more items
of patient data

Examples Of Clinical Decision Support
Clinical Decision Support Ashley McMichael University of Cincinnati Clinical Decision Support
can be defined as "providing clinicians, patients or individuals with knowledge and person–specific
or population information, intelligently filtered or presented at appropriate times, to foster better
health processes, better individual patient care, and better population health" (Wright, 2008). Like
many different aspects of healthcare, clinical decision support has evolved with the creation of new
technology. This evolution of clinical decision support in itself has and will continue to impact each
aspect of Triple Aim. Four Phases of Clinical Decision Support Wright and Sittig have described the
history of clinical decision support by breaking it up into four phases. These four phases are:
standalone systems, integrated systems, standards–based systems, and service models (Wright,
2008). Standalone Systems Standalone clinical decision support systems are systems that run
separately from any other system. The first standalone system was proposed in 1959 by Robert
Ledley and Lee Lusted (Wright, 2008). Their proposal was the use of punch cards and an analog
computer to predict diagnoses based on symptoms noted on the punch cards. This proposal led to
the implementation of a couple systems that would make suggestions or diagnoses or therapy
interventions. In the 1970's the use of artificial intelligence began to be used in clinical decision
support systems with the

Evaluation of Clinical Decision Support System for Heart...
Heart Failure (HF) is prevalent disorder that affected 6.6 million people in the United Sates during
2010 (Patarroyo–Aponte & Colvin–Adams, 2014). In HF the heart lacks the ability to push
oxygenated blood throughout the cardiovascular system. This disorder prevents vital organs from
getting the oxygen needed in order to perform their duties as well. The disorder must be managed
and maintained since HF is a disorder that not only affects the heart but respiratory system,
endocrine system, digestive system and all other system (Chiarugi, Colantonio, Emmanouilidou,
Martinelli, Moroni, & Salvetti, 2010). Heart failure is a serious disorder is which expected to
increase by 25% by the year 2030. To coincide with the people diagnosed with ... Show more
This paper will review the CDSS with a domain of HF and test if the use of CDSS will (1) postively
diagnosis patients with HF thus allowing to treat patients accordingly, (2) assist physicians in
prescribing medications thus reducing the amount of medication errors and (3) postively influence
the way physicians diagnosis patients with HF thus providing a higher confidence level. Review of
Literature A review of the article "Decision support in heart failure through processing of electro–
and echocardiograms" shows that the use of a CDSS was effective in successfully diagnosing
patients with HF. The implemented system was evaluated at the Department of Cardiology,
University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy. Since heart failure in the elderly was the primary
concern, participants in the study were 79 persons over 60 years old. In particular, 63 males and 16
females were included. The system was tested in the daily practice of the physicians operating in the
hospital, taking into account different scenarios in which decisional problems based on the analysis
of biomedical signals and images were involved. The physicians does a work up on the patients,
after the assessment is over the physicians fills out the form on the CDSS of the symptoms. The
CDSS then returns suggestions such a preforming an

Using Evidence Based Practice for Patient Care
Evidence based practice can be defined as the process of, using the recent evidence base practice to
make decision about patients individual care and to make sure that patient is getting most
appropriate care by utilising the best practice, judgement clinically, preference for individual patient
and systematic review (Nay & Fetherstonhaugh, 2007). Hence, when health professional work, they
need to consider the characteristics of the context of the practice and the patient's values and their
situation. So, combination of these elements helps to make an assessment in patients care as EBP is
involved (Hoffmann, Bennett & Del Mar, 2013). Hypothetically, the proper practice of EBP can
help to increase consistency in caring patient, supporting the experimental research, which can
benefit clinicians to provide quality of care, assessing and justifying patient (Nay &
Fetherstonhaugh, 2007). For e.g, the act of washing hand prevents from infection. It is consider
being the main root of transmission of disease from one person to other. According to the systematic
review by So (2011), organism is eradicated from immediate hand washing with liquid soap and
water when changing the wound dressing of methicillin–resistant S. aureus (MRSA). According to
Hoffmann, Bennett & Del Mar, (2013), the rational of the clinical evaluation becomes more obvious
when clinical information is integrated on best evidence practice, which is available with
knowledge. It also helps to increase confidence in

Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)
TVGs support system when it comes to their supportive policies and guidelines they have a MSD
book with all the residents care plans, if they have fall risks, if they are a one or two assist (that's
when one CNA or two are needed), whether they like showers or a bath. CNAs have a book where
they record the input and output of the residents that is in each group that has to be recorded each
night before your shift is over. They is a separate book that's located on each floor with all the
policies and procedures in it. There is now a system out that the nursing home I was employed at
doesn't have and need. Its called the Clinical decision support system (CDSS). The CDSS comes
with an alert for weaken state, development in condition, constipation,

Clinical Decision Support System ( Cdss )
ABSTRACT Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a technology application that assists
clinicians at the point of care to make clinical decisions for patients with specific conditions. The
healthcare is implementing many electronic tools that are aimed at improving health and health care
delivery. It is designed to make clinical decisions about patient care. Today technology plays an
important role in patient care. It involves a patient, a clinician and computer but most of the work is
done by computer. CDS helps the clinician to make decisions. While interacting with the patient the
clinician can focus more on entering information on hearing to the patient and considering the
information said by the patient. Implementing CDS can effect clinician–patient communication.
CDS can help clinician by providing clinical guidelines, reminders, of recommended care,
prescribing and diagnostic support. In practice this software can lead to confusion and lack of
communication. This technology helps with continuity of care. The aim was to compare the design
and implementation of CDSS to compare diagnostic accuracy before and after its implementation in
patient care. INTRODUCTION: Clinical decision support is a combination of person–specific
information and knowledge that is provided to the staff, patients, and clinicians which helps to
enhance health care and health. In early 1960s efforts began in health care to automate its aspects
but the use of computers and information

Clinical Decision Support System (CDS)
Clinical Decision support system (CDS) is one of the approach for evidence–based information to
clinician at the point of care. The CDS brings about a provision for clinical knowledge clubbed with
patient specific information. This enhances patient care. In most of the cases, the rules that are used
for CDSS include "If conditions then criticism". The other includes Bayesian reasoning, infobuttons
etc. For example: CASNET/Glaucoma – general tool build for the diagnosis and treatment of
Glaucoma. Internist: It is designed with an intention to support diagnosis. It links diseases with
symptoms by making use of tree–structured database. The CDS should be used in order to achieve
quality and safety improvements. The CDS is important in providing

The Importance Of Evidence Based Practice
Evidence based practice is "the key to delivering the highest quality of healthcare and ensuring the
best patient outcomes at the lowest costs" (Melnyk & Fineout–Overholt, 2011). Healthcare
providers integrating evidence based practice into patient care are relentlessly seeking answers to
clinical questions. Evidence based clinical decision making includes external evidence from
research, internal evidence from clinical experience, and patient values (Melnyk & Fineout–
Overholt, 2011). External evidence is information generated by research, such as randomized
control trials or cohort studies. Internal evidence utilizes clinical expertise to improve patient care
through practice initiatives. Through understanding external and internal evidence, practitioners are
able to meticulously critique research and implement best practice (Fitzpatrick, 2018). External
Evidence External evidence is created through rigorous research. It can be referred to as scientific
literature (Duffy, 2016). The main objective of external evidence is implementing findings into real
life clinical settings. Healthcare professionals seeking external evidence may utilize different types
resources. These types of resources include textbooks, journals, and consolidated resources (Melnyk
& Fineout–Overholt, 2011). Healthcare professionals refer to textbooks to review or learn new
information. Additionally, textbooks are beneficial in understanding background information prior
to formulating PICOT

Nurses ' Usage Of Clinical Decision Support Systems
Little is know regarding nurses' usage of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs). Few studies
in this subject focus on nurses' adherence and engagement on using this healthcare information
technology to ensure patient safety and delivery of the best care possible (Anderson & Willson,
2008). Clinical decision support systems are defined as electronic systems (computer software
applications) designed to aid directly in clinical decision making, in which patient's characteristics
are used to generate patient–specific assessments and recommendations (Bright et al., 2012).
Examples of CDSSs include "alerts (allergic reaction warnings), reminders (antibiotic order
renewal), clinical guideline recommendations, diagnostics support, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 2009, the Institute of Medicine listed the implementation of clinical decision support systems,
among other healthcare information technologies, as one of its 100 priority areas of research,
bringing visibility and reinforcing the need of theses systems to improve the health of the country. A
considerable investment ($36 billion) aiming the rapid implementation and adoption of these
information technologies came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of
2009 (Piscotty & Kalisch, 2014). The previous listed works and investments, among others, have
the goal to use electronic health records in a meaningful way, promoting exchange of information
among healthcare providers (Piscotty & Kalisch, 2014), delivery of the best care possible and
patient safety. Different works found in the literature address research questions regarding the
function of clinical decision support systems, its usage among healthcare providers, the role on
improving care and reducing costs, the impact of design and usability interface, along with adoption
of clinical practice guidelines in theses systems and the adherence of providers to the
recommendations generated by them (Anderson & Willson, 2008; Bright et al., 2012; Piscotty &
Kalisch, 2014). A systematic review by Bright and colleagues (2012) aimed at evaluating the effect
of CDSSs on clinical outcomes, workload and efficiency, cost, provider use, implementation, patient

Essay on Clinical Decision Support System
Abstract Clinical decision–support systems (CDSS) apply best–known medical knowledge to
patient data for the purpose of generating case–specific decision–support advice. CDSS forms the
cornerstone of health informatics research and practice. It is an embedded concept in almost all
major clinical information systems and plays an instrumental role in helping health care achieve its
ultimate goal: providing high quality patient care while, at the same time, assuring patient safety and
reducing costs. This computer based systems designed to impact clinician decision making about
individual patients at the point in time that these decisions are made. If used properly, CDSS have
the potential to change the way medicine has been taught and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This stream of research eventually developed into a dedicated discipline, Artificial Intelligence in
Medicine (AIM), with wide appeal and broad consensus for optimism. In 1970, Schwartz
announced in the New England Journal of Medicine that clinical computing would likely be
commonplace in the "not too distant future." The use of computerized clinical information systems
to support hospital operation as well as clinical activities started to flourish in the early 1990s.
Besides the significant technological breakthroughs, including the availability of enterprise–level
database management systems (DBMS) and health data standards such as ICD and HL7, new
legislation and advocacy by federal funding agencies also played a key role. International Statistical
Classification of Diseases: Standard diagnostic classification developed by the World Health
Organization (WHO) for its member states to report mortality and morbidity statistics. In the United
States, ICD–9–CM (ICD 9th Revision, Clinical Modification) is widely used to codify diagnostic
data for administrative (such as billing) purposes.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/ftpserv/ftpICD9/ftpICD9.htm. Health Level Seven (HL7) is an all–
volunteer, not–for–profit organization. It oversees the development of international health data
exchange standards. http://www.hl7.org. Financial investments to implement large–scale health IT
systems were made by the Agency for

Health Information Technology For Economic And Clinical...
List at least five of the ways you see physicians employing meaningful use in their practices The
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is part of the
American Reinvestment & Recovery Act (ARRA) signed into law by President Obama on February
17, 2009. The HITECT Act introduced the concept of 'meaningful use' which incentivized the
adoption of electronic health records (EHR) for the overall improvement of healthcare. This act
authorized payments to qualified provider groups that meet the 'meaning use ' requirements that are
paid out over five year. According to data from the National Ambulatory Medical care Survey, 57%
of office based physicians' utilized EHR system as of 2011 and 52% of this physician plan to apply
for the meaningful use incentives in same year. This is a 11% increase from the year before.
According to the HITECT ACT definition, 'meaningful use ' is the use of a certified EHR
technology in a way that is "meaningful". This concept rest on 5 main pillars: 1. Improving quality
of care, safe, efficiency, and reducing health disparities 2. Engage patients and families in their care
3. Improve care coordination 4. Improve population and public health 5. Ensure adequate privacy
and security protection for personal health There are three stages to the meaningful use and each
stage has it own requirement for the different applicants (eligible professionals (EP), and Eligible
Hospitals (EH)). In stage One, EPs for the

Clinical Decision Support System Case Study
The HITECH Act of 2009, was signed into law as part of the stimulus package which represented
the largest US initiative which was designed to encourage the use of electronic health records. The
purpose of this paper is to review the benefits and setbacks of clinical decision support system that
is combined with computerized physician order entry.
Clinical decision support system(CDSS) provides assistance to healthcare providers in a clinical
settings regarding patient care. A CDSS can assist by providing up to date information regarding a
drug, alerts for drug interactions and other health problem regarding a patient which may have been
labeled by the computer system. Computerized physician order entry(CPOE), it allows the
healthcare providers to enter drug, laboratory tests via computer. The use of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Alert can be confusing, and time consuming. More than half the alerts that generated to a doctor
regarding patient are unimportant. Many times clinicians don't agree or even look at the alerts
because there are so many of them. Alerts can also be very confusing. For example, when doctor is
trying to order something, but the CDSS suggested the order should not be done base on the health
information in the system. Based on the case study, it shows that drug to drug alerts are the ones that
are ignored.
Benefits of CDSS and CPOE
The combination of CDSS and COPE can help with providing the hospital staff with up to date
health information. Both CDSS and CPOE can be used to further improve patient outcome.
Together, both can help with improving workflow performance, improve hospital effectiveness,
decrease medical errors and decrease unwanted alerts. It was discovered by the study that CPOE
within an organization cannot reduce medication errors; a CPOE will need to be interface with
CDSS to help reduce medication errors with in the hospital setting.

Understanding Clinical Decision Support System
Understanding Clinical Decision Support System, Its Origin and the Changing Face
The Era has begun where a tremendous amount of data and silos of information are being generated.
The websites, blogs, the electronic health record are all jam–packed with information. Posts from
Facebook, tweets from twitters, interactive websites are a rich source of information. If one can
imagine, information has as much as widespread as the universe. However, what happens to the
heap of information generated? Do we use the information to convert into knowledge and apply it to
our daily life? Are they helping physicians, patients and other clinical staff in their decision making?
The integration of all available information has resulted in Clinical Decision Support System
(CDSS). This system is invented to help the physicians and other clinical staff in decision making
process. But the question again is – are they comfortable using CDSS. What if the users could write
decision rule which would be their own personal experience. If they could write their own rule will
it increase their acceptability? The article answers the questions raised and provides a brief
description of a CDSS developed by the Regenstrief Institute, which is contributing to an altogether
different face of CDSS. This, if successfully launched can result in better acceptability among users,
which can solve other user related or initiated difficulties.
CDSS are basically formulated with the intention to assist

Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the application of clinical
decision–support systems (CDSS) in the prevention and control of ischemic heart disease (IHD);
this is due to an increasing recognition that stronger CDSS are crucial to achieve a high quality care
with attendance lower morbidity and mortality.1 CDSS is defined as "computer–based information
systems designed to assist health care providers in implementing clinical guidelines at the point of
care. CDSS use patient data to provide tailored patient assessments and evidence–based treatment
recommendations for healthcare providers to consider1". Patient information is entered manually or
automatically through an electronic health record (EHR) system2,3. CDSS are often incorporated
within EHR systems and integrated with other computer–based functions that offer patient–care
summary reports, feedback on quality indicators, and benchmarking2–3. Knowledge management
systems providing access to scientific literature and strategies for CVD prevention may also be
linked with CDSS1–4. Many studies conducted in different health care settings have documented
the effectiveness of CDSS in improving quality of care and clinical outcomes for a variety of
conditions such as CVD prevention, cancer screening, immunization, antenatal care, just to mention
a few1,5–11. The mission of this paper is to review the roles and the applications of CDSS in the
prevention of IHD. Background Information on IHD The

Role Of The Health Information Manager
Capstone Paper
Luz Renteria
Goodwin College
June 27, 2015
The role of the Health Information Manager
Health Information managers oversee and guard patient health information. Managers represent the
patient's in matters of privacy and security, information release, issues and guidelines regarding
record access, and general public education about personal health records. They specialize in
managing patient health information and medical records, administering computer information
systems, and classifying using standard coding systems, the diagnoses, and procedures for health
care services provided to patients.
Health information managers manage all aspects of the content of patient medical records and
patient information systems. Their responsibilities can include aspects of clinical information
documentation capture and maintenance, data analytics and interpretation, as well as designing,
implementing, and maintaining health information technology systems. They are commited to the
timely and accurate collection of health information and its maintenance, storage, retention, and
disclosure, Health Information Management Professionals ensure that such information is kept
private, secure, and in accordance with the law.
Process of Strategic Planning
Strategic planning is an organizational management activity that is used to set priorities, focus
energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stakeholders are
working toward common goals,

Clinical Decision Support System
During the course of my two–year program in the Healthcare Informatics, we have touch on many
aspect of the field to get us ready for the work field. We had taken courses from: computer
application, data communication, information system analysis to creating organizational values. All
of these courses were great, but the one that comes to mind that will be best integrated with my
thesis project is decision support system. My key focus for this thesis project is, interoperability
equal continuity through standards. As a result, the course decision support system will be a perfect
complement.
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are interactive systems that emulate human reasoning in
a given domain. CDSSs were first developed about 40 year ago and have a successful track record
in improving the clinical intervention process (Antonio, et al., 2014). They are designed to analyze
data to help health professionals make clinical decisions about individual clients by using
information and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Improved staff retention by providing a high quality professional knowledge management and
decision support environment. CDSS may simulate experts' decision making, they are meant only to
assist in the decision–making process (Berner, 2007). Their main virtue is to assist physicians to
cope with the challenges inherent in fast–changing medical knowledge (Daniel–Saad, Kuflik, Weiss,
& Schreuer, 2015). With the rise of patients visiting and utilizing our healthcare facilities, providers
need a system that can effectively assist in the flow of the work place, by having CDSS reduces
reliance on memory and easier communication between healthcare

Clinical Decision Support System Pros And Cons
The Clinical Reminder System Clinical decision support methodologies and applications have been
put into place to minimize practice variations and improve patient care. They apply data–driven
methods to enhance the utility and management of clinical knowledge, patient information, and
population data (Zheng, n.d.). This data is significant to a community's health in addition to the
patients care as well.
Clinical Decision Support Systems
According to Tan & Payton (2010), "Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are computer–
based information–processing and decision support tools intended to serve as aids in the
rationalization of the clinical decision–making process and/or justifying final choices clinicians
have advocated for their patients" (p. 125).
Major Components The major components of a CDSS are as follows:
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reminders are generated by the Clinical Reminder System (CRS) and inform the provider of
recommended actions in regards to tests that should be performed, vaccinations, and also have the
ability to discuss the pros and cons of treatment plans (Zheng, n.d.). CRS is an evidence adaptive
decision support system which supplies decision aids with a knowledge base which is constantly
adapting to new research and evidence based medicine (Zheng, n.d.). CRS manages four chronic
health conditions which are diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. There are also four
preventative care areas such as cervical cancer, breast cancer, influenza, and pneumonia (Zheng,
n.d.). CRS is also real time with a wide diversity of patient data from other hospital systems, which
include laboratory test results, vital signs, and disease diagnoses. CRS has evolved into an HER
system thus providing functionalities for recording patient health conditions and the clinical work
flow (Zheng,

Clinical Decision Support : Effectiveness Of Clinical...
Murphy, E. (2014, 6 6). Clinical Decision Support: Effectiveness in Improving Quality Processes
and Clinical Outcomes and Factors That May Influence Success. Retrieved 10 6, 2017, from
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031792/
In this article, the author evaluates the effectiveness of integrating Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDSS) in to the electronic health record (EHR) systems. The author defines CDSS as
software that is used to assist providers by supplying up–to–date medical information and guidance
based on medical information of each specific patient. There have been multiple studies in
evaluating the outcome of using CDSS, including the ability to aid in providers' selection of proper
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CDSS developers still need to add some more features to improve the system's function, such as the
automatic support as a part of the clinical professionals' workflow in providing recommendation at
the same time of decisions making (Murphy, 2014).
Berger, R., & Kichak, J. (2004, 3–4). Computerized Physician Order Entry: Helpful or Harmful?
Retrieved 10 6, 2017, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC353014/
The authors discuss the advantages of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) as a major
enhancement in the improvement of patients' safety. The authors point out that the program alerts
providers of patients' allergies and possible interactions at the same time when medications are
prescribed. In the articles, the authors mention about two large studies sponsored by the Institute of
Medicine (IOM) and the Leapfrog Group (LG) on CPOE, which was conducted in Colorado, Utah,
and New York, had shown decreased results in adverse events in mediation errors when applying
CPOE compared to the old methods of hand written prescriptions. Researchers firmly suggest that
hospitals should initiate plans to integrate CPOE into their system. The authors also describe other
studies sponsored by IOM and the LG about the effectiveness of adding CPOE to medical and
surgical units, which showed significant reduction in medication errors of 55% and adverse drug
events (ADEs) of 84%. Another

Assignment 1: Clinical Decision Support Systems In Healthcare
Clinical Decision Support Systems in Healthcare Valerie Cardenas Arizona College Clinical
Decision Support Systems in Healthcare According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report To
ERR Is Human, as many as ninety–eight thousand people die in hospitals in the United States every
year due to preventable health care errors (Nelson, Staggers, 2014). Even though some years have
passed by since the report was issued, little had changed. Furthermore, McGlynn et al. demonstrated
that, on average, patients in the United States receive only fifty–four percent of the recommended
processes of medical care (Nelson, Staggers, 2014). However, when the first studies were performed
demonstrating the difference with of clinical decision ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decision support systems can drastically improve the part of the diagnostic error. With the CDS
tools, the ability to process and analyze large data sets and evidence–based rules from medical
science has improved significantly. CDS systems assist physicians and nurses in diagnosing and
provide the right treatment plan for the

Guidelines For Policymaking, Regulations And Strategies,...
For policymaking, regulations and strategies, clinical decision support (CDS) provides clinicians,
staff, patients or other individuals with knowledge and person–specific information, intelligently
filtered or presented at appropriate times, to enhance health and health care. CDS encompasses a
variety of tools to enhance decision–making in the clinical workflow. These tools include
computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patients; clinical guidelines; condition–
specific order sets; focused patient data reports and summaries; documentation templates; diagnostic
support, and contextually relevant reference information, among other tools. CDS has a number of
important benefits, including: Increased quality of care and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Systems without a knowledge base, on the other hand, rely on machine learning to analyze clinical
data. There are pros and cons to implementing clinical decision support systems. The foremost
challenge is that a CDSS must be integrated with a healthcare organization 's clinical workflow,
which is often already complex. Some clinical decision support systems are standalone products that
lack interoperability with reporting and electronic health record (EHR) software. Furthermore,
incorporating large amounts of data into existing systems places significant strain on application and
infrastructure maintenance. CDSS is "a process for enhancing health–related decisions and actions
with clinical knowledge and patient information to improve health and healthcare delivery. CDS
encompasses a variety of tools including, but not limited to: Computerized alerts and reminders for
providers and patients; clinical guidelines; condition–specific order sets; focused patient data reports
and summaries; documentation templates; diagnostic support; contextually relevant reference
information." Those functionalities, meanwhile, "may be deployed on a variety of platforms (e.g.
mobile, cloud–based, installed)," according to CMS – adding that "CDS is not intended to replace
clinician judgment, but rather to provide a tool to assist care team members in making timely,
informed, and higher quality decisions." "CDS Five Rights"

Emerging Developments in Clinical Decision Support Systems

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