This document discusses key lines on the globe used to identify locations on Earth. It describes parallels and meridians, which are imaginary lines that intersect to form a grid. Parallels run east-west and define latitude, while meridians run north-south and define longitude. Key parallels and meridians are discussed, including the Equator, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic Circles, Prime Meridian and International Date Line. The document provides information on these special lines to help understand global positioning.

1. LINES ON
THE GLOBE

2. Special Lines on the Globe
MERIDIANS PARALLELS
Prime Meridian
International
Date Line
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

3. BASIC UNDERSTANDINGS
Latitude
– distance between two
parallels measured north
or south of the Equator.
Longitude
– distance between two
meridians measured east
or west of the Prime
Meridian.
Parallels
– are imaginary lines
running in an east-west
direction around the Earth.
Meridians
– are imaginary lines that
meet at the poles.
©Jamaica Olazo

4. THINGS
you need to remember
Lines refer to
“parallels and
meridians”.
Distances
refer to “latitudes
and longitudes”.
©Jamaica Olazo

5. Horizontal Lines Vertical Lines
Latitude |Parallels Longitude | Meridians
©Jamaica Olazo

6. Meridians
and Parallels
– are imaginary
lines that help in
establishing
locations of
places on Earth.
©Jamaica Olazo

7. PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS
*Imaginary
lines
*Circles help in
determining
locations
*Intersecting
*Horizontal
Lines
*Only one
Great Circle
*Run in an
east-west
direction
*Vertical Lines
*All Great
Circles
*Run from north
To south
*Determine
time zones
©Jamaica Olazo

8. PARALLELS
OF LATITUDE
Equator – parallel located
at the center and whose
length is equal to the
circumference of the earth.
Great Circle – largest
parallel, the only Great
Circle among the parallels.
©Jamaica Olazo

9.  Arctic Circle – located at 66 ½
o north of the equator. It marks
the northernmost limit of the
Sun’s oblique or slanting rays.
 Tropic of Cancer – lies 23 ½o
north of the equator. Marks the
northernmost limit of the Sun’s
vertical rays.
SPECIAL
PARALLELS
©Jamaica Olazo

10. Equator – designated Oo
latitude, located at the center
of the Earth and divides the
Earth into the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres.
 The reference point in measuring
distances north and south moving
toward the poles.
SPECIAL
PARALLELS
©Jamaica Olazo

11. SPECIAL
PARALLELS
 Tropic of Capricorn - lies 23 ½ o south
of the equator. Marks the southernmost
limit of the Sun’s vertical rays.
 Antarctic Circle - located at 66 ½ o
south of the equator. It marks the
southernmost limit of the Sun’s oblique
or slanting rays.
©Jamaica Olazo

12. Download video @
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swKBi6hHHMA
Play Video
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

13. MERIDIANS
OF LONGITUDES
Meridians
– line running vertically
about the Earth.
 Two meridians opposite each
other form a Great Circle.
 Meridians are arcs of Great
Circles.
©Jamaica Olazo

14. Special Meridians
1. Prime Meridian – line designated Oo
longitude and which passes through Greenwich,
England. Also called Greenwich Meridian.
 It is the reference point in measuring distances
eastward or westward.
©Jamaica Olazo

15. PRIME MERIDIAN
©Jamaica Olazo

16. Special Meridians
2. International Date Line (IDL) –
directly opposite of the prime meridian in a line
designated 18Oo longitude.
 It is not a straight line that deviates eastward and
westward upon crossing certain places to allow
land areas and island groups to have the same
calendar day
©Jamaica Olazo

17. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
Red line marks the
International Date
Line

18. Download video @
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPpWCTHjzQI
Play Video
HOW INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE WORKS?

19. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO
Special Meridians
©Jamaica Olazo

20. Download video @
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPpWCTHjzQI
Play Video

21. THANK YOU!!!