my project

1. ANIMAL
ARCHITECTS
Msc Sem 1
BGC/ZOOL 17211
Barasat
Government
College

2.  By definition an architect is a person who
designs infrastructure and often supervises the
construction .
 Animals architect s construct structure for
protecting themselves from danger
,temperature and predators.
 Many animal homes are complicated structure
which are demonstrations of remarkable
engineering skills.

3. Animals use a variety of stuff such as mud
,pebbles, spider silk, fur, feathers, twigs, leaves,
roots, flowers, fungi, lichens, mosses as
construction materials.

4. Corkwnig wrasse
use algea
constructs a
large and
complex ball
shaped algeal
nest.

6. Paper wasp form s umbrella shaped nest.

7. Potter wasp nest

8. Caddisfiles are well known underwater
architects. They build protective case
around their body using whatever they
find nearby.

9. Honey
eater(Nesoptilotis
leucotis)

10. Spiders form different types of webs. They are
orb webs, tangle webs, funnel webs, tubular
webs, sheet webs etc. Some Orb weavers spin
a crisscross band of silk through the center of
the web, this is called stabilimentum.

12.  Aves are the most well known
architect of animal kingdom
.Some of them are as follows
 AMERICAN ROBIN
 They form a cup shaped
structure.

13. P
BOWERBIR
D
The male
bowerbird build
bowers on the
ground ,mainly
impress the
female mates.

14. BOWER BIRD
NEST

15. BAYA
WEAVER
It forms retort shaped
hanging nest . Isolated
nest are unusual.

17. Social weaver
They build communal
nests on tall trees with
sticks and grass. Their
nest is capable for
housing several
genarations.

18.  Red oven bird use
mud and dung for
making their nest.

21. COMMON TAILOR BIRD
This
Orthotomus
sutorius is
the end
product of
ingenious
needle work
by the bird.
It stitches
large leaf
together.

22.  I Ishita Kulavi thankfully acknowledge my
project to all my respected teachers of PG
Department of Zoology ,Barasat Government
College for their valuable suggestions and
encouragements and various helps during the
entire period of study. My classmates also help
me a lot in terms of informations and pictures.

23. •Frith, Clifford B.; Frith, Dawn W.; Barnes, Eustace The bowerbirds: Ptilonorhychidae. p. 12. 2011.
•Michael Henry Hansell Animal architecture. pp. 1–2. 2011.
•Götmark, F. "Conspicuous nests may select for non-cryptic eggs: a comparative study of avian families".
Ornis Fenn. 70: 102–105.
• Hansell, Michael Henry Bird nests and construction behaviour. p. 103. 2011.
•Vaughan, Terry A.; Ryan, James M.; Czaplewski, Nicholas J. Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
pp. 440–441. 2011.
• Hansell, M. (2005). Pp 35–54.
•Bohart, Richard Mitchell; Menke, Arnold S. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. University of
California Press. p. 2. 2011.
•Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert The international wildlife encyclopedia. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1864.
2011.
•Hansell, Michael Henry (2007). Built by animals: the natural history of animal architecture. pp. 76, 77,2011.
•Mandal, Fatik Baran Textbook of animal behaviour. p. 100. 2011.
• A.; L. "Behaviour and physiology". In Jensen, Per. The ethology of domestic animals: an introductory text.
CABI. p. 34.,2011.
•Gould, James L.; Gould, Carol Grant Animal architects: building and the evolution of intelligence. Basic
Books. pp. 1-18, 2011.
• Hansell , pp 19–21.2007
•Capinera, John L. Encyclopedia of entomology. Springer. pp. 3495–3496. I 2011