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IRJET- Stabilization of Soil by using Limestone Powder
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6656 Stabilization of Soil by using Limestone Powder Bhanu Sri Routhu1 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Engineering College, Telangana, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – The engineering properties of laterite soil for construction purposes will usually not have the sufficient properties as per the measures required for the construction. To increase the property of soil stability, we are mostly adopting combination of various waste materials. In this project I’ve taken limestone powder as a substitutetoimprove the soil stability. The geotechnical properties of lateritic soils when untreated and when treated withvarious percentagesof limestone powder are found out. VarioustestslikeParticlesize analysis, Atterberg limits, Compaction Test, and California bearing Ratio (CBR) were performed to find the strength characteristics. In this investigation I’ve added various proportions of limestone powder to Mooram soil and Yellow soil to find out the variation in strength characteristics. Key Words: Engineering properties, soil stability, soils, limestone powder, Atterberg limits, compaction test, CBR Test, Stability and strength. 1. INTRODUCTION Project sites are usually located in areas with soft or weak soils. Soft soils shows high plasticity characteristics, low shear strength properties and high swell shrinkage characteristics. Depending on the nature of the project the design solution may involve the expensiveoptionofremoval and replacement of the weak or compressible soils. The replacement optionsusuallyincludeuseofcrushedrock, gravel or lightweight aggregates.Otheroptionsinvolveusing ground improvement alternatives such as stone columns, grouting, wick drains and chemical admixtures such as cement or lime. Among them, one of the most effective and economical method is to use chemical additives. The processing of limestone results in approximately twenty percentage limestone dust (LSD) waste and this alsorequire a large area of landfill for the disposal. Therefore it is better to utilize such type of waste materials as additives for soil stabilization to protect the environment. The main objective of soil stabilization is not only to improve the strength and stability of soil but also to lower the construction cost. The main objective of the present project is to study the improvement in geotechnical properties of stabilized expansive soil treated with fly ash and lime stone dust. It includes: To study the basic properties of the chosen soils, lime stone dust/powder. To study the compaction and strength characteristics of both soils. To study the effect of different amounts of lime stone dust added to low grade yellow soil To find out the optimum quantity of lime stone dust by weight added to the soil where it shows the higher strength 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Rathan Raj (2007) has made investigation on soil stabilization using rice husk ash(RHA). The proportions of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 80% of rice husk ash were used. He found out liquid limit reduced from 57% to 30.5% for soil+80% RHA for alluvial soil and reduced from 60% to 26.5% for soil+80% of RHA for clay soil. Aqeel Al Adili, Rafig et.al (2011) tried to find out soil strength with the addition of papyrus. They found out the stiffness of the soil increased considerably due to the fiber inclusion. Laxmi Kant saini, Uendra singh et. al,(2014) investigated on engineering properties of black cotton soil using lime. They found increase in CBR values and decrease in plasticity index. The plastic natureof soil decreases and the stiffnessof the soil improve as the lime content increases. Naman Agarwal (2016) investigated on effect of stone dust on the geotechnical properties of soil. He found that adding 50% of stone dust is effective in decreasing optimum moisture content and adding 30% of stone dust is found to increase CBR value by nearly 50%. Anu K, Rupesh Yadav et.al has treated soft clay with fly ash and lime stone dust. They found that the Atterberg limits increased due to addition of fly ash and limestone dust. The dry density and compaction characteristics also increased around 3% to 5%. 3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Two types of soils were chosen for the investigation. First one was locally available Mooram Soil (Red Soil) and the second one was Low grade soil (Yellow Soil) which was taken from the nearby open lands. In order to find out the strength characteristics of these soilsvariouslaboratorytest like Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Compaction Test and CBR Test were conducted. Initially, these properties werefoundout withtheplainsoils. Later 5%, 10% and 15% of limestone powder was added to these soils to compare the strength parameters.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6657 Fig- 1: Yellow Soil and Mooram Soil Fig-2: Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit Apparatus Fig-3: Compaction Test Fig-4: CBR Test Table-1: Tests on Mooram soil S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 11.11 14.99 2 22.22 3 11.66 2 Plastic Limit 1 100 116.67 2 150 3 100 3 Compaction Test 1 2.04 2.08 2 2.15 3 2.07 4 CBR Test 2.5 mm 4.5 4.5 5 mm 5.8 5.8 Table-2: Tests on Mooram soils with 5% Limestone powder S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 16.6 19.89 2 20 3 23.07 2 Plastic Limit 1 50 61.11 2 63.33 3 70 3 Compaction Test 1 1.694 1.69 2 1.79 3 1.60 4 CBR Test 2.5 mm 5.1 5.1 5 mm 5.9 5.9
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6658 Table-3: Tests on Mooram Soils with 10% Limestone Powder S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 25 26.19 2 28.57 3 25 2 Plastic Limit 1 100 100 2 100 3 100 3 Compaction Test 1 1.88 1.94 2 1.926 3 2.027 4 CBR Test 2.5 mm 5.78 5.78 5 mm 6.68 6.68 Table-4: Tests on Mooram Soil with 15% Limestone Powder S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 40 58.88 2 66.66 3 70 2 Plastic Limit 1 100 100 2 100 3 100 3 Compaction Test 1 2.016 2.02 2 2.014 3 2.03 4 CBR Test 2.5 mm 6.29 6.29 5 mm 7.02 7.02 Table-5: Tests on Low grade soil (Yellow Soil) S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 33.33 36.59 2 36.33 3 40.12 2 Plastic Limit 1 50 56.67 2 50 3 70 3 Compaction Test 1 1.727 1.70 2 1.8 3 1.59 4 CBR Test 2.5mm 3.2 3.2 5 mm 3.8 3.8 Table-6: Tests on Low grade soil (Yellow Soil) with 5% Limestone powder S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 40.5 60.38 2 60.66 3 80 2 Plastic Limit 1 70 80 2 70 3 100 3 Compaction Test 1 1.74 1.8 2 1.89 3 1.77 4 CBR Test 2.5mm 3.59 3.59 5 mm 4.28 4.28
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6659 Table-7: Tests on Low grade soil (Yellow Soil) with 10% Limestone powder S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 65.5 70.16 2 69.8 3 75.2 2 Plastic Limit 1 100 100 2 100 3 100 3 Compaction Test 1 1.826 1.86 2 1.83 3 1.909 4 CBR Test 2.5mm 4.11 4.11 5 mm 4.62 4.62 Table-8: Tests on Low grade soil (Yellow Soil) with 15% Limestone powder S.No Test Sample Value Average Values 1 Liquid Limit 1 73.5 73.53 2 71.8 3 75.3 2 Plastic Limit 1 100 116.67 2 100 3 150 3 Compaction Test 1 1.97 1.947 2 1.91 3 1.961 4 CBR Test 2.5mm 5.13 5.13 5 mm 4.96 4.96 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The following results were observed from the conducted tests and initiallythoughthestrengthremained normal,later as the percentage of limestone increased, an increase in strength was observed. Low grade soil (Yellow soil) showed increase in strength with every proportional increase (i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%) of limestone powder. From the charts 3 and 4 it can be clearly understood that limestone powder helps in increasing the strength of low grade, low strength soils. Table-9: Test Results for Mooram soil S.No Proportion Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Compaction Test 1 Nominal 14.99 116.67 2.08 2 Nominal + 5% Limestone Powder 19.89 61.11 1.69 3 Nominal + 10% Limestone Powder 26.19 100 1.94 4 Nominal + 15% Limestone Powder 58.88 100 2.02 Chart-1: Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Compaction Test Results of Mooram Soil for various proportions of Limestone Powder
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6660 Table-10: CBR Test Results for Mooram Soil S.No Proportion 2.5 mm 5 mm 1 Nominal 4.5 5.8 2 Nominal + 5% Limestone Powder 5.1 5.9 3 Nominal + 10% Limestone Powder 5.78 6.68 4 Nominal + 15% Limestone Powder 6.29 7.02 Chart-2: CBR Values for Mooram Soil with various proportions of Limestone powder Table-11: Test Results for Low Grade Soil (Yellow Soil) S.No Proportion Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Compaction Test 1 Nominal 36.59 56.67 1.70 2 Nominal + 5% Limestone Powder 60.38 80 1.80 3 Nominal + 10% Limestone Powder 70.16 100 1.86 4 Nominal + 15% Limestone Powder 73.53 116.67 1.947 Chart-3: Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Compaction Test Results of Yellow Soil for various proportions of Limestone Powder Table-12: CBR Test Results for Low Grade Soil (Yellow Soil) S.No Proportion 2.5 mm 5 mm 1 Nominal 3.2 3.8 2 Nominal + 5% Limestone Powder 3.59 4.28 3 Nominal + 10% Limestone Powder 4.11 4.62 4 Nominal + 15% Limestone Powder 5.13 4.96 Chart-4: CBR Values for Yellow Soil with various proportions of Limestone powder
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6661 5. CONCLUSIONS Limestone powder is a waste material whoseexposure to the atmosphere causes pollution. From the investigation it has been observed that, use of limestone powder increases the bearing capacity and strength of soils. With every 5% increase of limestone powder, there was an increase in the soil strength. In this investigation, addition of 15% limestone powder to the soils, showed the highest value of CBR i.e., bearing capacity. Therefore, further tests can be done with additional increase of limestone powder to know the maximum limit. In order to reduce pollution and increase the soil bearing capacity limestone powder can be preferred among the waste products available. Keeping in view the extinctionofnatural resourcesand environmental pollution, I’ve made an attempt to use limestone powder in soil which gave positive results. REFERENCES [1] Akbulut S. and Arasan S, “The Variations of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), pH and Zeta Potential inExpansive Soils Treated by Additives.” International Journal ofCivil and Structural Engineering, 2010, 1 (2), 139-154. [2] Amu O.O., Bamisaye O.F., and Komolafe I.A., “The Suitability and Lime Stabilization Requirement of Some Lateritic Soil Samples as Pavement.” International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 2011, 2(1), 29- 46. [3] R. Bairwa, A.K. Saxena and T.R. Arora, “Effect of Lime and fly ash on Engineering Properties of Black Cotton soil.” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2013, 3 (11), 535-541. [4] Dash S.K. and Hussain M, “Lime Stabilization of Soils: Reappraisal.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2012, 24 (6), 707–714. [5] M Davoudi and E Kabir. “Interaction of Lime and sodium chloride in low plasticity fine grain soils,” Journal of Applied sciences, 2011, 11 (2), 330-335 [6] Kaur P. and Singh G, “Soil Improvement with Lime,” International Organization of Scientific Research Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2007, 1 (1), 51-53. [7] Mitchell J.K and Soga K , “Fundamentals of Soil Behavior,” 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 2005.
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