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Adaptive Reuse Strategies for Lal Baradari
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Adaptive Reuse- A Case of Lal Baradari, Lucknow Pradeep Singh1, Mohammad Laraib Ahmad2 1 Architect, Urban Node, Lucknow 2Architect, Studio for Planning Architecture and Design, Lucknow ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Adaptation of existing buildings or old/heritage structures for a new function is not a new trend. The theoretical approach towards the adaptive reuse was established and theoretically formulated at the beginning of 19th century. The research will explore an alternative strategy to a conservative adaptive reuse practices for different building typologies, considering the case of Lal Baradari, Lucknow (a summer house with twelve doors) .One of the heritage structure, located at a prime location. It is historically and administratively very important structure, Currently under State Lalit Kala Academy, Government of Uttar Pradesh. The paper will focus and explore adaptive reusestrategiesthatnot only complimentās, but also challenges and reveals the history through the unique character and the original intent of the edifice by preserving the spirit of the place that is more than often lost in process of adaptation by conserving the meaning of the place conveyed through its architectural expression. The adaptive reuse strategy will be formulated and tested through case studies and the live case of the Lal Baradari. The dissertation will focus on framing adaptive reuse guidelines for existing building or heritage building (either in use or abandoned). Key Words: Adaptation, Old Heritage, Reuse, Lal Baradari, Guidelines 1. INTRODUCTION How can adaptive reuse strategies be used to energize a currently underdeveloped building as an alternative to demolition and replacement? Old buildings are the main features from which one can easily identify neighbourhoods their distinct character and at the same time also connects tangible to the past. Sometimes buildings start to outlive their original purpose for which it was built. This results in the implementation of adaptive reuse of such edifice in order to make the existing building and surroundings active once again. When the original use of a building or complex changes or is no longer required, architects have the opportunity to bring or propose change the primary function of the structure, while keeping some of the existing architectural details and zoning that make the building unique. The conservation and sustainable development in the urban area provide economic, social, and environmental benefits to a community and its stake holders. The conservation of the built structures is not only a contributor towards the economic and environmental composition of a community, but also to the social andcultural identity,which helps to create dynamic places, and defines the āspirit, character and sense of a placeā. 2. LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction Adaptive reuse is known as reuse of buildings or sites for purpose other than they were originally designed and built. After the change and renovation now new activity are featured in the renovated structure which can offer economic, social and cultural benefits to their user, stake holder and surrounding neighbourhood. Reuse is one of the best approach to sustainable developmentsinceitconserves original building materials and its values as well. Adaptive reuse deals with issues related to conservation and preservation of existing built form as well as strategies and policies. After use of a limited time period old structures deteriorates and become unsuitable for their requirements and functions or has remained unused for long time, adaptive reuse is a suitable option for reclamation of sites and its proper use. Adaptive reuse is defined as a revitalization strategy which employs a series of linked procedures to plan for, inventory,acquire,manageandreuse surplus or abandoned real estate. [1] Adaptive reuse of spaces plays a vital in the sustainable development. When adaptivereuseinvolvesheritageorvery old buildings, benefits especially environmental are more signiļ¬cant, as these buildings offer a lot to the environment, landscape, identity and amenity to the belonging communities. One of the main beneļ¬ts of reusing buildings is the retention of the original buildingās āembodied energyā. Reusing sites will retain embodied energy, making the project more environmentally sustainable as compared to entirely new construction. When done well, adaptive reuse helps to maintain and restore the historical signiļ¬cance of building and helps it to survival, rather than falling into disrepair through neglect or beingrenderedunrecognizable. Heritage buildings that are reused and renovated can continue to be used and appreciated. 2.2 Why Adaptive Reuse? There are a number of reasons to this question. Here are a few: ā¢ It offers a chance to encapsulate thepastdesignideaswhile moving forward with modern day ideas. ā¢ It serves as a conduit between the established and the experimental. Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7097
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7098 ā¢ It bring up a dialogue between the age old design methods and current ideas in science, philosophy, architecture and technology. āTo provide meaningful architecture is not toparodyhistory but to articulate it.ā ā Daniel Libeskind 2.3 Principles of Adaptive Reuse The challenge is in finding balance between 3 different components namely change, restoration and adaptation to appease all its stakeholders. In finding balance, adaptive reuse projects should have five basic principles in design as stated by: ā¢ Redesign building should perform well as per the functional requirement. ā¢ Should adapt changes and alterations done and should create connect to the new users. ā¢ Respond well to the existing surroundings and enhance its context ā¢ Should create a visual statement by providing visual coherence and please users and passers-by ā¢ Be sustainable, least-polluting, energy efficient, easily accessible and have a minimum environmental impact. 2.4 Advantages of Adaptive Reuse ā¢It is believed that old buildings were made with better grade of construction materials as compared to the latest construction material that is why a longer life span have. ā¢Moreover, older building consists of generally strong building envelope which maintains proper heating and cooling, numerous windows helps to create proper ventilation and many other factors helps to achieve energy efficiency. ā¢The benefits of reuse projects also include social factors such as rejuvenating the historical and cultural values of a building. ā¢Older buildings have the ability to create urban character and āsense of a placeā. 2.5 Impact of Adaptive Reuse on surrounding The structure which can be adopted and reused shouldhave a greater impact of the surrounding. These sites are known as brownfields instead of Greenfields due to the fact that they may contain chemical contamination; it is necessary to deal with this problem before the structures can be put to demolition or the most common residential or commercial use. A successful adaptive reuseprojectcanoffergrowth and also bring historical tourism to its city and new life to its neighbourhood. 2.6 Guidelines for conservation and Restoration of monuments and site [2] 2.6.1 Venice Charter 1964 ā¢Reaction to World War II architectural reconstruction practice ā¢Western concept (Fabric) disregards Social & Intangible Values ā¢Not only single architectural work but the urban & rural setting. (Setting) ā¢Safeguard as works of art & historical evidence 2.6.1.1 Conservation ā¢USE- socially useful purpose. (Social Use) ā¢No new construction, demolition or modification which would alter relations of (not alter) Mass & colour ā¢Moving of sculpture, painting or decoration allowed if it ensures its preservation (can be moved) 2.6.1.2 Restoration ā¢Preserve & reveal the aesthetic & historic value based on original documents. ā¢Indispensable extra work must be distinct, bears a contemporary stamp (for extra work). ā¢When traditional techniques prove inadequate, consolidation can use modern technique (traditional techniques unavailable) after it is proven experience & scientific data. ā¢Respect contributions of(Respect)all periods.Unityofstyle is not the aim. Removal of superimposed object is approved if it has little interest. (History) 2.6.2 Burra Charter ā¢Australia 1970-1999 finalized ā¢Key Ideas: 1. Place 2. Cultural landscape 3. Cultural Heritage from Statement of Significance 2.6.2.1 Cultural Significance AHSS value for past, present & future generation (Architectural, Historical, Social & Scientific) 2.6.2.2 Conservation All processes to retain its cultural significance 2.6.3 PRRA PRESERVATION>RESTORATION>RECONSTRUCTION> ADAPTIVE RE-USE 2.6.3.1 Preservation- maintaining the fabricofa placetoits existing state & retarding deterioration Restoration- Returning the existing fabric toa knownearlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling components without introduction of new material Reconstruction- Returning a place to a known earlier state by introduction of new material. Adaptation- modifying a place to suit existing use
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7099 2.6.3.2 Conservation principles -Compatible USE New use- Minimal change to Fabric & use, respect associations & meanings, continuation of practices contributes to cultural significance. Retain the visual setting & relationships. Visual setting. Siting, bulk, form, scale, character, colour, texture & materials. New construction, demolition, intrusions & other changes that would affect the setting are not appropriate. Physical location is part of the cultural significance. Shouldremain in its historical location. Relocation- Sole practical means of ensuring of its survival. Contents, fixtures, & and objects which contribute to the cultural significance should be retained at that place. Removal allowed if itās the assurance of its security & preservation. Amount of change should be guided by the cultural significance & appropriate interpretation When cultural significance is reduced reversible. Temporary & considers future conservation action. New work (Stabilization) - purpose is the physical protection of fabric. Interpretation cultural significance is not readily apparent explained in interpretation. For understanding, enjoyment & culturally apparent 2.7 Reuse Strategy ā¢Technical: To study and analyses the structural system of the existing structure. ā¢Strategically: The building along with its surroundings should be taken into context thus reusing the building while keeping in mind the ācharacter, sense and spiritā of the place. ā¢Typological: To understand the typology of the building of the existing and new use. 3. CASE STUDY 3.1 Adaptive reuse and restoration of a Chettinadu mansion, Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu, India Fig. 1: Chittinadu Mansion The reuse of a heritage or existing building becomes necessary for its social, economic and cultural sustainability. One such historic building, āChidambara Vilasā at Chettinadu region, Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu, India is a 110 year old palatial mansion once a residence of a Nattukottai Chettiars, today turned in to a heritage hotel. Fig. 2: Ground and First Floor Plan (Before) Usage of space after adaptive reuse Fig. 3: Ground and First Floor Plan (After) 3.1.2 Conclusion
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7100 The restoration of this structureis done as per the guidelines with ethics of conservation. The character of the facade done in two different era blends its architectural identity as projecting one entity. A 5 year old extension uses finishes, materials and details similar to that of the century old mansion and the difference between the two cannot be seen with naked ayes or felt until scrutinized with very minute detail. The newly introduced functionsfortheoldspacegives due respect to the traditional usage of space. The newly introduced spaces with modern amenities are incorporated with respect to the old structure as well as to the historic fabric. 3.2 Kasturbhai Lalbhai Museum, Ahmedabad (Rahul Mehrotra Architects) The main building ā the colonial home built in 1905, which was home to the Lalbhai family until the 1980ās, typically a conglomeration of single storied rooms, has been restoredto its past glory. It now houses the familyās modest collection, eclectic in nature, showcases art and antiquities, perfectly balancing historical merit with personal favourites; all the while retaining the essence of the family home. Fig. 4: Lalbhai Museum 3.3 Church into a Book Store Location: Maastricht, Netherlands, Europe Architect (book installation): Merkx + Girod Area: 750 sq. m Significance: Consecrated in1294 the building was oncepart of a friary knocked about over the centuries by various invading armies. It was being used by the citizens of Maastricht as an indoor bike pound. Later, turned into a warehouse. [3] Contained stone vaults and fadedremainsofceilingpaintings from around 1337; and others by the artist Jan Vessens, depicting saints and sinners and episodes from the Bible, dating from 1619. 1. Installation of a tall, three-storey black colured steel book stack in the long, high nave. 2. CafĆ©is introduced in the choir area. The mainfeatureofthe cafe is a long, cruciform table lit by a lamp suspended from the stone vaults in the guise of a modern halo. 3. Popular books which are kept on lower shelves, while esoteric, academic and theological works are kept closer to heaven. These are reached by stairs which is located in sleek, well-made book stack, although there is also a lift. Parameters covered: 3.1.1 Adaptive Reuse - the churchisamonument,needtobe kept as an open space as much as possible hence,introducing the two floors asymmetrically gave respect and emphasis to the structure. The new use blended well in the structure due to matching space requirements for both old and new uses. 3.1.2 Space - The large scale of the steel book stack was necessarilykept grand because a spread of shelvesalongand across the nave would have detracted from itscharacter;and also cafĆ© Selexyz needed 1,200 sq. m of selling space to increase the shop's finances add up. Changes planned in lighting was another intervention that it was integrated with the furniture or the volume to avoidpollutionintheinteriors. 3.1.3 Structural Systems- Original frame structure was untouched; addition of the book stack to two floors above was done in order to have more horizontal free space on ground level. 4. LAL BARADARI The common name of this building,Kasrool KhakanorKing's house, conveys no description of what it was used or intended for. Keeping religion out of the context, it may be considered the "WESTMINSTER ABBEY" of oudh. It was the Throne room, the coronation hall, and Grand Durbar, or hall of Assembly, of the monarchs of oudh. [4] It takes its name from the colour of the stone, with which it is covered, being red. From the time of Saadut-Ali Khan, all coronations took place in the great hall of this "Lal Baradari". As will be seen from the view, the architects proposed the plan to be colossal; in keeping with the purpose for which it was intended, but although a fine structure,itlagsfarbehind the Athenian or Roman Models. From the History of Oudh, it will be remembered that a dispute to the succession took place between Moona Jan,the pretender, and Naseer-ood-dowlah; the people were in a state of intense excitement, the argument in theLal Baradari was fast approaching a riot; the usurper attemptedtocoerce the British Resident into acknowledging his right to the succession; the resident, colonel Lowe, resolutely refusedto present the accustomed nuzzur , or offering, to Moonna Jan , and finding a number of insurgents about the place, gave orders for cannon to be brought to bear on the building and would undoubtedly have reduced it to ruin had not Moonna Jan , with his mother , the Badsha Begun, and all their
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7101 followers , made their escape , leaving Nussurood-dowlahin undisputed possession of the throne. The grandest Durbar ever known in lucknow was heldinthe Lal Baradari; it took place on the triumphal entry of Lord Canning into the Capital; every noble in Oudh was present in his most beautiful costume; resplendent beautiful with jewellery, the staff of the Governor-General was extremely brilliant; probably neither before nor since has so picturesque a scene been witnessed in the Lal Baradari. The result of that Durbar formed a new era in the history of Oudh; the nobles were clearly given tounderstandwhotheir governors were, and what the policy of the British Government was. The Lal Baradari was kept, by the British government in a state of preservation, and is used up to the present day for the purpose of holding durbars, whenever such assemblies are necessary. 4.1 Location Fig 4: Location Plan, Lal Baradari The heritage site of Lal Baradari is situated at Mahatma Gandhi road Qaiserbagh, Lucknow,ata distanceof60meters from NH-24.The Lal Baradari is situatedata roadadjacentto Mahatma Gandhi road. There is one single building block on the site. The site of Lal Baradari measures 149 X 176 feet approximately. The placing of building block is such that its side set āback is of 5 feetās approximately and rear set-back is of 8.2 feetās approximately. Its front set āback is of 30 feetās approximately which is quite large as compared to the set- backs. The main approach to the building is from North-East and the orientation of the building is in North-Eastdirection. The openings in the building are decorated with foliated arches and ornamentation of fine stucco work can also be seen over the arches and pillars .The building is made up of Lakhauri bricks. 4.2 Plan of Lal Baradari The site has a large building complex with a three small courtyard at the center which is presently covered with raised concrete platform and has ventilation system on all sides with glass and jaalis all around it. The site has got a single entrance and a building block has got two grand entrances at two adjacent corners facing north-east. The walls of the building have got several openings with foliated arches and decorative works on them. Beautiful work of pillars can also be seen on the either side of the arch which is broad at the bottom and slightly tapered at the top. As the structure dates back to 1870 ,materials such as Lakhauri bricks and lime mortar has been used which is important with respect to this region and establishes the construction techniques at that time in this region .Meanwhile renovations are being done by using cement concrete and modular bricks. 4.3 Existing Usage Building was not responding to its original fabric. The building is enclosed with various others structures and the heritage importance and significance is getting lost. Unsympathetic alterations and additions were done just to run a department without maintaining the integrity and dignity of the original built fabric / built structure. Fig 5: Site Plan, Lal Baradari Both the Interior spaces and the external facades has been altered according to the need of the department. It includes the false ceiling which was added initially,thesanitarypipes, and electric wire conduit removal of vault and in placeofthe vault addition of slab. Present defects in the structure / alterations / additions were done for various purpose. The
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7102 heritage value was not recognizable. The changes was unplanned and done according to the need of the time. Materials in the building is basically Lakhauri brick and lime mortar. At the time of alterations in the building it can be very clearly seen that instead of lime mortar and lakhauri brick use of modular brick and cement mortar has been done. Spatial Character of the building is lost in the baradari. The Structure is double heighted but the false ceiling was used by the department to make it single story finished. The initial vault has been removed with a rcc slab. Various kinds of boards are used to create internal partition. The alterations in the structure was somewhat permanent. At some places the floor glass was removed.Theglassfloorwas also a source of light for the lower Groundfloor.Andbecause of the false ceiling in the interior spaces the carvings and the floral pattern of the arches were not visible. The beautiful double heighted space of the baradari was just used as a box for a purpose. According to the need of the time there were introduction to modern Infrastructure and amenities in the building such as Electricity and plumbing. Structure of the building is load bearing with arches carving out the opening to various places and helping in reducing the load as well as in equal transfer of load. The vaulted slab system with iron girders has been used in the ceiling to divide a large span into smaller parts and helping in distributing the load. Due to heavy load added to the structure by laying of concrete on the roof there might be some structural issues arise in the future. 4.4 Walls (Super Structure) Building was not responding to its original fabric. The building is enclosed with various others structures and the heritage importance and significance is getting lost. Unsympathetic alterations and additions were done just to run a department without maintaining the integrity and dignity of the original built fabric / built structure. Fig 6: Walls, Lal Baradari Both the Interior spaces and the external facades has been altered according to the need of the department. It includes the false ceiling which was added initially,thesanitarypipes, and electric wire conduit removal of vault and in placeofthe vault addition of slab. Present defects in the structure / alterations / additions were done for various purpose. The heritage value was not recognizable. The changes was unplanned and done according to the need of the time. The changes done in the building initially by the department are done without taking any permission from the nodal agencies. No grants and permissions were taken by the department for doing any kind of changes in the structure. Materials in the building is basically Lakhauri brick andlime mortar. At the time of alterations in the building it can be very clearly seen that instead of lime mortar and lakhauri brick use of modular brick and cement mortar has been done. 4.5 Finishes and Plaster At first glance it seems that due to the use of synthetic materials in the finishes the original plaster was not able to breath and therefore resulting in the flaking and leaving the masonry works. Major chunks can be observed where the plaster has left the original masonry works due to insensitive and improper repairs and restoration works carried out in the past. At some walls, ornamentation done over the foliatedarchesare being damaged due to water seepage & flakingoftheplaster. The carvings on the walls and below the projections are exposed to the weather conditions and are deteriorated and de-shaped at few places. Algae and bio growth over the external finishes can be seen at the rare parts of the building which is due to see page from the drains and rain pipes. Fig 7: Finishes, Lal Baradari 4.6 Roofs In previous insensitive restoration works, the roof of the historic monument have been covered with a thick layer of
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7103 almost 100 to 150mm of concrete leading to structural issues such as increase in dead load on the building. Due to in compatible material the concrete and lime have not bonded wells leaving the gaps between the two materials, which leads to see page and dampness. Fig 8: Roofs, Lal Baradari The thick concrete acts as thick membrane not allowing the excessive moisture to evaporate leading to decay and deterioration of the original roof structure which is historically significant. 4.7 Slabs In is pertinent to take suitable conservationmeasureswhere historic structures are concerned. The vaulted slab system, resting on the I-section which acts as a beam, transferring the load on the walls, has been used in the buildings. In ground floor additional columns along with cross I sectional girders have been introduced to bear extra load of the building. Fig 9: Slabs, Lal Baradari In some part of the monument, electric cables have been suspended to the ceiling which might damage the ceiling. Crazing canal so be seen in the slab which is a cosmetic defect and not a structural concern the defect needs to be evaluated. 4.8 Flooring a) Exterior The flooring work of the exterior portionhasbeendonewith the hand chiselled red sand stone blocks. Several damages are in the flooring. It seems as the level of the raised than its original level as the building ground floors is below the external level. b) Interior The flooring in the ground floor has been redone using the cement mortar. The flooring on the upper floors has also been done in cement where as in several parts we can also find the original flooring. The stairs are paved with red sand stone. On the first floor several cut-outs have been made with a fixture of a translucent glass to provide the penetration of natural light. Deterioration & Damages in the interior flooring canal so be seen. Fig 10: Flooring, Lal Baradari 4.9 Openings The two major openings leads to the high platform over which the main complex is placed. The foliated arched opening sat the ground floor leads to several chambers with arches over which upper floor is based. There are no ornamental/decorative patterns over the arches and pillars at groundfloorwhereas,decorativepillars with vertical groves can be witnessed at the above floor and so may be case in the lower arches which in due course of time and in previous insensitive repairs had been covered while restoration process. There are signs of insensitive repairs with the cement based mortar over the arches and pillars. Except the two major opening leading to the upper floors have been covered with iron grills and jalliesandpartiallyor completely closed with the brick work behind them .Not allowing the building to breath naturally resulting in the Dampness inside the building.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7104 Fig 11: Openings, Lal Baradari In Above floor arches, each openings has got foliated arches with decorative work of stucco done on it and with the specialty of non-repetitive patterns over them. The original doors and windows are deteriorating and decaying due to negligence and lack of maintenance. Openings on the roof have now been covered with the RCC Structure on a raised platform with ventilators at its side for light and air (which are generally closed). The cut out in the slabs made for the light to enter from above and lighten up has gone meaningless as there is no sufficient light in the above floors as the openings have either being closed or covered. 4.10 Structural System The building is construction on load bearing structure with arches carving out the opening to various placesandhelping in reducing the load as well as in equal transfer of load. The vaulted slab system with iron girders has been used in the ceiling to divide a large span into smaller parts and helping in distributing the load. An I-Section has been used which runs through the each end of the vault acting as a tension member & the load of vaulted slab is then transferred to the columns which is a compression member. New columns with I section girders have been added to provide the extra support to the structure in the basement. As the structure dates back to 1870 materials such as Lakhauri bricks and lime mortar has been used which is important with respect to this region and establishes the construction techniques at that time in this region. Meanwhile renovations are being done by using cement concrete and modular bricks. Fig 12: Structural Systems, Lal Baradari 4.10 Infrastructure Addition Fig 13: Infrastructure Addition, Lal Baradari The infrastructural facilities such as electrical and plumbing have been added to the structure in the most inadequate
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Ā© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7105 manner, disturbing the visual as well as functional spaces of the building. The electrical cables and wires are running haphazardly in the building. There is no separate electrical roomoutsidethe building as main supply room is being made inside the building only which is not appropriate seeing the historic significance of the building & may lead to any accidents, mainly in case of any short- circuit, which may lead to fire and thus damaging the building The drain pipes are chocked as result all the water is seeped through the walls on the roof. The water supply pipes are also leakingleadingtoseepageof water in the foundations leadingtothedampnessin walls.At the time of changes and alterations in the building there were no rules, guidelines and charters were considered. 5. GUIDELINES 5.1 Reuse Strategy Typological: Before the reuse of the building, Literature study is a must about the original and new use to be incorporated. Technical: Structural study and analysis with dimensions should be known and noted of the building. Strategical: The buildingalongwithitssurroundingsshould be taken into context thusreusingthe buildingwhilekeeping in mind the ācharacter, sense and spiritā of the place. 5.2 Use and function Function and use of depends on building typology, location, environmental factors, social factors, and economic factors. Environmental factors should include site features, climatic conditions and embodied energy of existing building. Social factors draws attention towards the needs and wants of the society and preservation of the character, sense and spirit of the place. Economic factors include the budget for sustainable construction, reuse, and durability [5]. 5.3 Quality of Design It should be suitable to the surroundings and the society, innovative designs, preservation of the historical and heritage elements should be carried out. It should also be structurally sound and strong to be durable. 5.4 Materials and Technology Use of old and new techniques can be merged resulting in innovative techniques. The materials of the original structure should be ideally maintained and used unless it is in a very dilapidated structure. The new additions and preservation that are proposed can be a combination of old and new techniques and materials in the construction. 5.5. Flexibility and reversibility The building should beabletoundergodynamic changes and adapt to other reusability options in case change of use needs to be done due to society demands or economic demands in future. 6. CONCLUSIONS This research is to study possible strategies for the successful adaptivereuseof buildings.Itdemonstratesthatit is not only important to retain and restore but also to adapt them so as to give them new uses that are similar to their original intents. Adaptations for contemporary use have resulted in new forms based on old forms but adaptedforcontemporaryuse. The research also focuses on preserving the spiritofexisting form and space; it introduces additional spaces that are necessary for modern use. REFERENCES [1] In Principles of Selection for Listing, 2010 [2] IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic, Monuments, Venice, 1964. [3] Burchell, R.W. and Listokin, in the adaptive reuse handbook: procedures to inventory, control, manage, and reemploy surplus municipal properties, New Brunswick, N.J, Rutgers University, Center for Urban Policy Research., 1981. [4] The Lucknow album: containing a series of fifty photographic views of Lucknow and its environs together with a large sized plan of the city". [5] Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings, Directorate General, CPWD July 2013I.C.Council,ā2012 International Existing Building Code,ā Third Printing, U.S.A, Third Printing: 2012.
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