1. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
Global Environmental
Problems and
Global Efforts

3. 55% contributor to Global
Warming & 500 yrs life span
18% contributor to
Global Warming
(GW) and 7-10 yrs
life span
6% contributor
and 140-190 yrs
life span
1000 yrs life span
CFC’S
24% Contributor &
life span of 110 yrs

4. GLOBAL WARMING
 Presences of GHE, avg. global
temperature is 15°C.
 In absences of them it would be -
18°C.
 Therefore GHE, contributes 33°C
temperature rise.
 Two Important GHG’s are Water
Vapour & CO2.
 BCoz of excess GHG’s, scientist worry
about incraese in avg temp. more
than 15°C.
 Causes due to Deforestration,
Anthropogenic activities like fossil
fuel burning.
 This leads to Sea Level Rise.

7. SEA LEVEL
RISE
 In the last century 15-20 cm rise in
se level has been witnessed.
 IPCC projected rise in between 18
and 59cms.
 Reasons:
1)Thermal Expansion2)Melting of Ice
 End of 21st Century, rise is expected
to be between 0.56 and 2m.
 Melting of Greenlands & West
Antarctica – 6m rise.
 Causes:
 Flooding of Coastal
areas like Bangladesh,
Mumbai, Lakshadweep
 Disturb Spawning
grounds.
 Disturb Coastal
Fisheries.
 Flooding agriculture
lands & low land.
 Increases Soil Erosion
 Increases Salinity of
aquifers & Estuaries.
 Inundate large areas of
Wetlands.

9. CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Climate is the average weather of an area.
2. The Intergovernmental panel of Climate Change (IPCC) – 1990 & 1992
published the best available evidence about past climate change, GHE
and Global Warming during the geological times.
3. Anthropogenic activities – Upset Hydrological Cycle, Results in flood
and Drought, causes sea level rise, changes in agriculture productivity,
famines, death of humans & livestock.
4. The global changes in temperature will not be uniform everywhere and
will fluctuate in different regions.
5. Poles experience 2 to 3 times more warming than the global average,
while warming in the tropics may be only 50 to 100% on an average.

10. Earth’s Temperature will rise in between 1.5°C to 5.5°C
by 2050.
Impact on Human Environment
1. Global Temperature Increase:

11. 2. Rise in Sea Level:
Expanding of water due to
increase in temperature.
•Melting of Polar Ice Caps.
•Increase in Global Sea
Level by 0.2-1.5 metres
over the next 50-100 years.
•One meter rise will
inundate Sydney, Bangkok,
Cairo etc, Agricultural
Lands of Bangladesh, India,
China will effect rice
production.
•Lives of many people living
near these cities.

12. 3. Effects on Human
Health:
Spread of Diseases like
Filariasis, Elephantiasis,
Malaria etc.
As the Vectors spreading
these diseases will be
increase in no. due to
stagnation of water and
high temperature to
survive(Mosquitoes, Snails
Etc).
Increase in Respiratory and
Skin Diseases due to high
temp. & Humidity.

13. 4. Effect on
Agriculture:
•Soil Moisture will
decrease & evapo-
transpiration will
increase – affecting
wheat and maize
production.
•Increase in pest no.
due to high temp. &
Humidity.
•To cope up this pest,
heat and drought
resistant varieties to be
developed.

14. OZONE LAYER DEPLETION

15. Ozone Formation

16. Atmospheric Ozone measured using Dobson
Spectrophotometer and expressed in Dobson
Units(DU).
Temperate Latitudes = 350 DU
Tropics = 250 DU
Sub- Polars = 450 DU
Ozone Hole:
An undeniable problem in Antarctica
Researcher Joseph Farman had been collecting
atmospheric data at Halley Bay, Antarctica since
1957. Every year he sent a team of research
assistants to measure ozone levels and
concentrations of trace gases like CFCs.
In 1982, his ozone reading showed a dramatic dip
— around 40%. Rather than being alarmed, he was
skeptical of the data and thought it must be an
instrument malfunction.

17. Ozone Hole over the Anatartica

18. OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
1. CFC’s
2. Halon
3. Carbon Tetrachloride(CCl4), Methyl
Chloroform(CH3CCl3)
4. Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFC’s)
5. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFC’s)
6. Methyl Bromide(CH3Br)
7. Bromochloromethane(CH2BrCl)

19. Effects of Ozone Depletion
1. Mutation in the DNA – Hereditary Problems.
2. Skin Cancer.
3. UV absorbed by lens and Cornea – Cataract.
4. Melanin in skin destroyed by the UV.
5. Decrease in Phytoplankton Population – Later
impacting the ecosystem.
6. Yield of crops like corn, rice, soyabean, cotton etc
are decreased.
7. Degradation of Paints, Plastics and other polymer
material will result in economic loss due to UV rays.

20. Deforestation

21. Facts:
 Forest Cover in Total World in 1900 was 7000 Million
Hectares, but in 1975 – 2980 Million Hectares and in
2000 – 2300 Million Hectares.
 Due to global efforts in 2010 it increased to 4033
Million Hectares.
 In next 60 years about 90% of the tropical forests will
be destroyed.
 India’s Forest cover is 21.02%.(2009 Forest Report)

22. Major Causes of Deforestation
 Shifting Cultivation
 Fuel Requirement
 Raw Material for Industrial Use
 Developmental Projects.
 Growing Food Needs.
 Over Grazing
 Forest Fires.

23. Consequences
 Extinction of Species due to
habitat loss.
 Hydrological Cycle effected
thereby effecting rainfall.
 Soil Erosion and loss of soil
fertility.
 Landslides in hilly areas.
 Moe Carbon is added into the
atmosphere, thereby enhancing
Global Warming.

24. Desertification

25. Productive Potential of Arid & Semi-Arid lands falls
by 10% or more.
Moderate Desertification – 10-25% drop in
productivity.
Severe – 25 – 50%
Very Severe – more than 50%
Consequences:
Loss of Vegetation
Ground water depletion
Salinization and severe soil erosion

26. Causes of Desertification
 Natural Phenomena – Climate Change
 Anthropogenic Factors
1. Deforestation
2. Over Grazing
3. Mining and Quarrying.

27. Thank You