IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series provides a platform for all people striving to identify and implement evidence-based policy solutions that sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The series is part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.

1. CAPMAS
IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series
Cairo, Feb 27, 2018
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2.  CAPMAS compiles Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) for Egypt in the belief
that providing such comprehensive datasets helps evaluating and designing
economic policies, such as energy subsidy policy.
 The collaboration between CAPMAS and IFPRI started in May 2014 to compile
a SAM for 2010/11 in a series of training workshops and an official CAPMAS-
IFPRI SAM launch event in June 2016.
 The “Energy-focused” 2012/13 SAM presented today was compiled by
CAPMAS based on IFPRI’s SAM construction framework
 Today’s presentation focuses on the key characteristics of the
2012/13 SAM related to energy. For more info on the SAM
construction, please visit CAPMAS or IFPRI Website
Introduction
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3.  Supply and Use Tables 2012/13 (CAPMAS).
 Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2012/13 (CAPMAS)
 Annual National Accounts 12/13 (MOP)
 BOP 12/13 (CBE)
 Final Statement of Government 12/13 (MOF)
 Agriculture Bulletins (MOALR)
 Energy data (Ministry of Petroleum)
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A SAM is an accounting framework that captures all transfers and
real transactions between sectors and institutions within the
Egyptian economy

4.  Budget deficit 13% of GDP
 Energy subsidies 7.4 % of GDP
 Import intensity is 18%, export intensity is 10%
 High trade deficit, importance of remittances for BOP (7% of GDP)
 Government’ Transfers to households 0.3% of GDP

5.  Electricity, diesel and gas most important for industry and households
 Diesel is the most heavily subsidized item and accounts for 41.5% of total subsidy
cost
 Diesel is almost entirely produced locally, whereas Kerosene and Gasoline 95 is
mostly imported
Energy use (as % of) Subsidies (as % of)
Import
intensity (%)
Intermediate
consumption
Household
consumption
Consumption
by sector
Total energy
subsidies
LPG 8.2 8.6 59.3 15.1 26.8
Gasoline 80 8.8 8.2 35.5 9.2 39.1
Gasoline 90/92 10.0 9.4 35.5 10.6 38.4
Gasoline 95 2.3 2.8 0.7 0.1 98.3
Diesel 17.6 16.6 79.1 41.5 0.1
Kerosene 2.0 2.3 0.7 0.0 100.0
Other fuel 10.3 10.3 31.1 9.8 0.1
Electricity 26.4 15.4 8.1 5.3 0.0
Natural gas 14.4 26.5 13.8 8.3 0.0
Total Energy 100.0 100.0 32.7 100.0 13.3

6. Fuel Electricity Gas Total
LPG Gasoline 80
Gasoline
90, 92, 95 Kerosene Other fuel Diesel* Electricity
Natural
gas Energy
Energy consumption/total output (%)
Economic sectors
Agriculture 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 3.1 0.0 1.1 4.6
Crops and livestock 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 3.3 0.0 1.2 4.8
Forestry 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 1.0
Fishery 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.6
Industry 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 3.2 1.6 9.7
Mining 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 7.2 8.9
Construction 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.1 0.9 3.4
Other Industry 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.3 1.4 0.9 4.9 0.0 11.3
Services 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.3 4.3
Trade 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 2.2 0.4 0.6 4.7
Transportation 1.9 3.5 5.2 0.5 3.2 1.9 0.2 0.4 16.8
Other services 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.1 1.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
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Energy consumption/total output (%)
• Energy as an input plays the most important
role for transport, followed by industry,
especially mining
• In agriculture, energy makes up about 4% of
production value

7. • Urban households tend to spend a
higher share on energy than rural HH
• Higher income HH tend to spend more
on energy than lower income HH
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Energy as % of household consumption
Fuel Electricity Gas Total
LPG
Gasoline
80
Gasoline
90, 92, 95 Kerosene Other fuel Diesel* Electricity Natural gas Energy
Fuel consumption/total household consumption (%)
Households 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.9 1.7 3.0 11.3
Urban 0.7 1.4 1.7 0.1 1.4 2.1 1.8 2.8 12.0
Poor 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.6 2.2 3.0 10.3
Medium 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.1 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.9 11.1
High 0.3 2.3 2.8 0.0 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.9 13.3
Rural 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.6 1.7 3.2 10.7
Poor 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 2.0 2.7 7.9
Medium 1.4 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.8 2.7 1.8 2.5 10.6
High 0.9 0.8 1.8 0.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 4.2 12.5

8.  Because each SAM is built from a broad set of data sources, such data needs to
be reconciled (e.g. private consumption data for energy from the Ministry of
Petroleum and from HIECS)
 The SAM presented represents the most comprehensive energy-focused SAM for
Egypt to date
 Next steps for CAPMAS National Accounts Team are
 Finalizing SUTs 2014/15 which is considered the main data source
for the SAM 2014/15
 Building the first SAM for Egypt that provides information on
economic activities and households at the sub-national level (for 7
Egyptian regions)
Conclusion and next steps
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Thanks
pres_capmas@capmas.gov.eg