Plastics Mechanical Properties
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This document discusses the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials. It covers topics like stress/strain behavior, creep, toughness, reinforcement, and modifiers. It explains how polymer chemistry, structures, and properties influence product performance. Key factors that determine a plastic's mechanical response are intermolecular forces, temperature, time under load, degree of crystallinity, and molecular weight. A plastic can behave as an elastic solid, viscoelastic solid, viscoelastic fluid, or viscous fluid depending on these factors. Tests like tensile testing, impact testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis are used to characterize mechanical properties.
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Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
Polymers and their properties
Polymers are long chains of repeating molecular units called monomers. There are several types of polymers including polyethene, polypropene, nylons, polyurethanes, and polyesters. Polymers are classified based on their structure and production method. Properties depend on factors like chain length and structure. Common applications include plastic containers, clothing, pipes, sports equipment, and medical devices.
Ocular viscoelastic devices(OVD)
Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are used in eye surgeries to protect tissues and maintain spaces. Common OVDs include sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. OVDs can be classified as cohesive, dispersive, or viscoadaptive based on their rheological properties such as viscosity and elasticity. Cohesive OVDs are highly viscous and stick together, while dispersive OVDs coat tissues well but are less viscous. OVDs are used in cataract surgery for tasks like protecting the endothelium, maintaining the anterior chamber, and implanting IOLs. Complications can include increased intraocular
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Introduction to Polymer Physics
Polymers are very large molecules consisting of many atoms covalently bonded like a chain. Their structure gives unique physical properties to polymer solutions. This outstanding textbook gives a clear and concise introduction to the modern theory of polymer physics. It describes basic concepts and methods and explains the statistical properties of the assembly of chain-like molecules; topics include scaling theory, concentration fluctuation, gels, and reptation. This is an ideal volume for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in polymer physics.
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2850 20 unit 202 physical and mechanical properties of materials
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Pe 4030 ch 2 sensors and transducers part 1 final sept 20 2016
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Plastics ( manufacture, types,application,examples)
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Similar to Plastics Mechanical Properties
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contacts
A polymeric solid is seen to produce its own signatures in sliding contacts. This has immense applications. The viscoelastic phenomena and signatures are discussed with the relevant models.
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Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
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This document announces an online workshop on demonstrating the mechanical behavior of materials using practical approaches. The workshop will be held on May 10, 2020 from 11:00 AM to 12:30 PM and will be conducted by Dr. Gaurav Gugliani and Mr. Pawan Bhawsar from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Mandsaur University. The workshop will provide an introduction to mechanical engineering and mechanical properties, discuss stress-strain and its types, material properties, and elastic moduli. It will also demonstrate stress-strain diagrams and the universal testing machine along with the types of tests performed on it.Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach Dr. Gaurav Kumar Gugliani
This document announces an online workshop on demonstrating the mechanical behavior of materials using practical approaches. The workshop will be held on May 10, 2020 from 11:00 AM to 12:30 PM and presented by Dr. Gaurav Gugliani and Mr. Pawan Bhawsar. The presentation will introduce mechanical engineering, mechanical properties, stress-strain types, material properties, elastic moduli, and stress-strain diagrams. It will also demonstrate the use of a universal testing machine and the types of tests it can perform.Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
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It includes explanation of stress-strain diagram and properties deduce from stress-strain diagram and working of UTM machineBiomaterials and its applications.
This document discusses biomaterials and their applications. It defines biomaterials as materials that are compatible with living tissues or interact with biological systems. Some key points made include:
- Biomaterials have characteristics of being biocompatible, bioinert or biofunctional.
- Common biomaterials are used in applications like dental implants, hip replacements, and intraocular lenses.
- The properties of biomaterials that are important for their use in the body include mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and surface properties.
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Mechanics of Solids or Solid mechanics is the branch of mechanics which studies about the behavior of solid materials under the action of Forces and Temperature changes.
Properties of Materials
The document discusses various properties of materials including mechanical, electrical, chemical, physical, thermal and other properties. It defines key terms like tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, melting point, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat. Tables are included comparing properties for different materials like metals, semiconductors, insulators, plastics and composites.
CHAPTER 6 Strength, creep and fracture of polymers.ppt
This document discusses creep, recovery, and stress relaxation in polymers. It begins with an introduction to deformation mechanisms in polymers and factors that influence polymer strength. It then covers stress-strain curves in polymers and different deformation modes. Specific topics discussed in more detail include glassy polymers, semicrystalline polymers, viscous flow, creep in polymers, stress relaxation, creep failure of polymers, creep modulus, and factors that influence creep resistance in plastics. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts.
Physical properties of dental materials
This document provides an overview of the various physical properties of dental materials, including rheological properties like viscosity and viscoelasticity, thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical properties like modulus of elasticity and hardness, electrical properties like galvanism, and chemical properties such as corrosion and tarnish. It discusses these properties in the context of how they impact dental materials during storage, mixing, setting and as a set material. The properties are important to consider when selecting materials to ensure their successful performance for the intended dental application.
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This document discusses various mechanical material properties that are important for engineering applications. It begins with an introduction that defines mechanical properties as how materials react to loads or external forces. It then lists and describes key mechanical properties including yield strength, tensile strength, brittleness, ductility, stiffness, Poisson's ratio, hardness, thermal expansion, wear resistance, malleability, toughness, resilience, and creep. For each property, it provides details on the definition, types if applicable, and relevance for engineering design. The document concludes with references.
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The document discusses various mechanical properties that are important for biomaterials applications. It describes properties like stiffness, hardness, toughness, strength, fatigue, corrosion, and creep. Mechanical properties help determine how a material would behave in a given application and are important to consider when selecting biomaterials to replace biological tissues. Properties like elastic modulus and strength should match that of the tissues being replaced for optimal performance.
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This document discusses various mechanical properties of engineering materials including hardness, creep, elasticity, hardening, and plasticity. It defines each property and describes methods for measuring hardness, factors that influence creep, the hardening process, and how plastic deformation occurs at the atomic level resulting in a permanent change in shape even after removal of stress. Measurement techniques for hardness include Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Knoop, and shore hardness tests. Creep is influenced by load, temperature, composition, grain size, and heat treatment. Hardening increases hardness through metallurgical processes.
Em321 lesson 08b solutions ch6 - mechanical properties of metals
This document discusses mechanical properties that can be determined from a stress-strain curve obtained via tensile testing. It defines stress and strain, explains elastic and plastic deformation, and introduces key properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility, toughness, and resilience. An example stress-strain curve is analyzed to find these properties numerically. The document emphasizes that stress-strain curves are commonly used instead of force-displacement plots to characterize materials.
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Polymers, composites and some metallic materials are viscoelastic and strain-rate sensitive. Under high strain rates the micro mechanisms by which these materials deform is different than that experienced at low strain rates. Consequently, use of quasi-static stress-strain data may not produce accurate and reliable predictions, when such data is used in simulation and Finite element analysis FEA of engineering components.
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and geometry. It was discovered that polymeric solids produced their own distinct
viscoelastic signatures that cause resonance at certain sliding speeds which can be
explained with resonance conditions for electromagnetic waves. The observed viscolelastic phenomenon is characterized with respect to the relaxation and recovery
times for rigid polymeric solids. It is confirmatory as a demonstration of proof of
existence of viscoelasticity and self-organization in these materials under sliding contact conditions. Viscoelastic observations are also made on the aged specimens in
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Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contacts
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contacts
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
Demonstration of Mechanical Behaviour of Material Using a Practical Approach
CHAPTER 6 Strength, creep and fracture of polymers.ppt
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Plastics Mechanical Properties
- 5. Plastics – from chemistry to performance Polymer Chemistry Material microstructure Material properties Product Performance
- 7. ‹ #› Bonding Energy & Distance Bond energy Bond length
- 12. Mechanical Properties - stiffness Amorphous stiffness temperature T g T g – glass transition temperature
- 13. Mechanical Properties - stiffness Temperature stiffness Semi crystalline T g T m – melt temperature T m
- 14. Mechanical Properties - stiffness T m T m T g stiffness Temperature Amorphous plastic Semi crystalline plastic
- 15. Physical Properties 15%GF Polyester, PBT 1400 nylon 6/6 13%GF Density 0.0509 lb/in ³ 0.0444 lb/in ³ Water Absorption 0.1 % 1.1 % Linear Mold Shrinkage 0.005 in/in 0.006 in/in
- 20. Stress/Strain Curve Linear Elastic Material
- 26. Tensile Testing Results Stress vs Strain For plastics the rate of stress applied affects the material’s response
- 31. Mechanical Response as a function of Time ‹ #› F F F time input time displacement
- 32. Elastic Solid Model ‹ #› F F k Spring constant or stiffness k
- 33. Elastic Solid – Microstructural Behavior ‹ #› The applied force straightens polymer chain segments F F The polymer chain segments return back to a more disorder and stable configuration when force is removed
- 37. Cone and Plate cone polymer
- 38. Stress and Shear Rate Polymer melt stationary plate moving plate force Shear stress
- 41. Rheometry Experiments Experiment H Re-Grind PC Melt Rheology at 550 o F
- 45. Viscous Fluid Model F F d dt C Viscous Damping Constant
- 47. The plastic part is subjected to a tensile force The plastic part is increases its length L, when the force is removed it will not spring back – this a permanent deformation The plastic part is increases its length L F F L o , original length F F L new = L o + L L new = L o + L permanent
- 49. Viscoelastic Solid Model F (t) time
- 50. Viscoelastic Solid, Microstructural Behavior Polymer chain segments are stretched by the force, this is the elastic element of the model As the Polymer chain segments are stretched there is friction between these chain segments – this is the viscous damping element When the force is removed, the chains return to the original state – during this motion, there is also friction Heat is generated
- 51. General Viscoelastic Model F C E K E C P K E – elastic stretching of chain segments C E – friction between chain segments (very small) C P – friction between complete polymer chains
- 52. Maxwell Viscoelastic Model F K E C P K E – elastic stretching of chain segments C P – friction between complete polymer chains
- 57. time Tension in a part Relaxation curves Increasing temps Initial Tension t o Length after time t o 1 2 3 3 2 1
- 66. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis From TA Instruments
- 68. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis From TA Instruments
- 69. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis From TA Instruments
- 70. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Viscous elastic response From TA Instruments
- 79. Creep Viscoelastic Model (t) time Critical time For this load, there has not been enough time to start the viscous motion F C E K E Permanent Deformation – creep For this load, the viscous motion has started
- 85. Creep – time, temp loads
- 90. Depends on material ability to absorb energy Stress/strain curve Area underneath Stress/strain curve is the measure of impact strain stress
- 92. Degree of Crosslinking & Toughness Tough Strong
- 93. Small Additives Get between Polymer chains This increases d and can make the degrade properties Example – excess of colorant can weaken a plastic part
- 98. Melt Flow Rate Test Apparatus: Resin
- 99. Melt Flow Index # grams of flow per 10 minutes Weighted Plunger Barrel Molten Pellets Extrudate Orifice Heater Band Dynisco LMI 4000 Len Czuba August 2006
- 102. Tensile Strength Test Apparatus:
- 104. Impact Resistance Test Apparatus: Len Czuba August 2006
- 106. Impact Resistance Test Specimen: Len Czuba August 2006
- 114. Load and Material Interaction Failure probability
- 115. Load ave = 6000, std dev = 1000 PET ave = 12000, std dev = 1000 Example - Material Properties & Loads
- 116. Load ave = 6000, std dev = 2000 PET ave = 12000, std dev = 1000 Solution 1 - use the same part for another application
- 117. Load ave = 6000, std dev =1000 PET ave = 12000, std dev 1500 Solution 2 - get cheaper materials
- 118. Load ave = 6000, std dev = 1000 Regrind PET ave = 9500, std dev = 1200 Solution 3 - get cheaper materials, use regrind
- 119. 25% regrind 75% virgin Solution 4 - get cheaper materials, use regrind + virgin
- 120. Solution 4 - get cheaper materials, use regrind + virgin
- 121. Solution 4 - get cheaper materials, use regrind + virgin
- 123. Solution 5 - Redesign Part Existing cross section New cross section
- 125. = Mc / I new