Incheon International Airport is the largest airport in South Korea and is one of the largest airports in the world. It is located on an artificially created piece of land between two islands. The airport is equipped with the latest technology and follows the concept of Green, Art, and Smart. This slide is a case study of the airport to detail about the structures present in the airport from the Civil Engineering aspect.

1. CASE STUDY ON
INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING – II
(CE 6003)
Submitted by,
Shubham Bathwal
BE/10585/2017
Semester - VI

2. INTRODUCTION
• Incheon International Airport (IIA) is the largest airport in South Korea,
the primary airport serving the Seoul Capital Area, and one of the largest
and busiest airports in the world. Since 2005, it has been rated the best
airport worldwide by Airports Council International every year. It is also
rated as the world's cleanest airport and the world's best international
transit airport by Skytrax.
• Incheon International Airport is located west of Incheon's city center, on
an artificially created piece of land between Yeongjong and Yongyu
Islands.
• The airport holds a record of being ranked the Best Airport Worldwide
for 11 consecutive years by the Airports Council International (ACI)'s
Airport Service Quality Award from 2005 to 2016.
• Incheon International Airport was named the winner of World’s Best
Transit Airport in 2020. Terminal 2 at Incheon International Airport was
named World’s Best Airport Terminal in 2020.

3. HISTORY
• After the 1988 Summer Olympics, international air traffic to Korea
increased. In the 1990s, it became apparent that Gimpo International
Airport could not cope with the increase in air traffic. To reduce the load
on Gimpo International Airport, the government decided to build a new
international airport.
• In November 1992, the construction of the Incheon airport began on
reclaimed land between Yeongjong Island and Youngyu Island, and took
eight years to finish, with an additional six months for testing.
Completion was initially scheduled for 1997 but delayed due to the
economic crisis.[12] The airport was officially opened on 21 March 2001.
• On 15 November 2006, the Airbus A380 landed at the airport as part of
the first leg of its certification trip. Tests on the runways, taxiways, and
ramps showed that the airport could handle the aircraft.

4. INFORMATION
• Located 48 km west of Seoul, the capital and the largest city of South
Korea.
• Airport is owned and operated by Incheon International Airport
Corporation.
2019 STATS
Total Flights – 360,000
Passenger Traffic – 71 million
Cargo – 2.9 million tonnes
Countries Served – 59
Airlines – 90

5. Construction phases
The airport was originally planned to be built in three phases, incrementally increasing airport
capacity as the demand grew. This was changed, however, to four phases after the airport was
opened.
Phase 1 (1992~2001)
1992.06.16 : Announcement of the new metropolitan
airport construction project
1996.05.23 : Commencement of Terminal 1
construction
2001.03.29 : Opening of Incheon International Airport
In this phase, a passenger terminal with a floor space of 496,000 square metres , two
parallel runways, a control tower, an administrative building, a transportation centre and
integrated operations centre, three cargo terminals, international business centre, and a
government office building were constructed.

6. Beginning of the construction project for Terminal 1 in 1996's
Construction of Runways 1 and 2 in 1996's

7. During this construction phase, a third parallel 4,000-
metre-long runway and a 13-hectare cargo terminal
area were added. A 16.5-hectare concourse connected
to the main passenger building via two parallel 870-
metre-long underground passageways was added, with
a Mitsubishi Crystal Mover shuttle train APM shuttling
passengers between the concourse and the main
terminal.
Phase 2 (2002~2008)
2004. 06. 28 Commencement of earthwork and piling
2007. 07. 30 Completion of Runway 3 paving
2008. 06. 20 Completion and opening of Phase 2 construction

8. Beginning of the concourse construction in 2002's
Beginning of Runway 3 construction in 2005's

9. Phase 3 (2009~2017)
The second passenger terminal was constructed in the
northern field of the airport, and its existing cargo
terminal and other infrastructures were expanded. The
terminals are connected to each other by the
underground "Starline" train.
After completion, Incheon International Airport is able
to handle 62 million passengers and 5.8 million tons of
cargo a year.
2009. 06. 30 Announcement of change in the initial plan
2013. 06. 14 Commencement of earthwork and piling for Terminal 2
2018. 01. 18 Opening of Incheon International Airport Terminal 2

10. Beginning of Terminal 2 construction in 2013's
Opening of Terminal 2 in 2018's

11. TERMINALS
TERMINAL 1
• Terminal 1 (measuring 496,000 square meters) is the largest airport terminal in area in
South Korea.
• Terminal 1 was designed by Curtis W. Fentress, FAIA, RIBA of Fentress Architects.
• It is 1,060 metres (3,480 ft) long, 149 metres (489 ft) wide, and 33 metres (108 ft) high.
• Its construction cost was 1.3816 trillion South Korean Won.
• The terminal has 44 boarding ports (all of which can accommodate the Airbus A380),
50 customs inspection ports, 2 biological quarantine counters, 6 stationary and 14
portable passenger quarantine counters, 120 arrival passport inspection counters, 8
arrival security ports, 28 departure security ports, 252 check in counters, and 120
departure passport inspection counters.

12. CONCOURSE
The passenger concourse was completed at the end of May 2008. It is connected to
Terminal 1 by two parallel 870-metre-long (2,850 ft) underground passageways equipped
with IATs (Intra Airport Transit). It has 30 gates and six lounges(Asiana Airlines/Star
Alliance, Singapore Airlines/Star Alliance, Japan Airlines/Oneworld, Korean Air/SkyTeam,
and China Eastern Airlines/SkyTeam).
TERMINAL 2
• Terminal 2 which was constructed into the scale of 388,000㎡ (38.8 ha) in total floor
area and 23 mil. in annual passenger capacity was opened on 18 Jan 2018.
• Korean Air, KLM, Delta Air Lines, and Air France flights were relocated from Terminal 1
to Terminal 2. Many other SkyTeam members started serving the Terminal 2 on 28
October 2018.
• The terminal will be expanded into a mega-size terminal with a total floor area of
735,000㎡ (73.5 ha) and annual passenger capacity of 52 mil. through the phase 4
construction.

14. RUNWAY
• The airport consists of three functional runway and a fourth runway under construction.
• The airport configuration of ICN is shown in Fig. There are three parallel runways at ICN.
Runway 33R/15L and 33L/15R are two parallel runways with the distance of 400m
between them. Runway 33R/15L is used primarily for arrivals and 33L/15R is primarily
for departures. Runway 34/16 is used for both departures and arrivals, and the usage is
changed several times a day depending on the departure and arrival traffic
demands. All cargo flights takeoff and land using the runways 33R/15L and 33L/15R,
exclusively, whereas the passenger flights can use all three runways.

16. DIRECTION WIDTH
(M)
LENGTH
(M)
STRENGTH(PCN) AND SURFACE OF RWY AND SWY
RUNWAY
1
15R/33L 60 3750 ㆍ88/F/B/X/T Asphalt ㆍSWY and 300 m RWY ends
are 86/R/B/X/T Concrete
RUNWAY
2
15L/33R 60 3750 88/F/B/X/T Asphalt ㆍSWY and 300 m RWY ends
are 86/R/B/X/T Concrete
RUNWAY
3
16/34 60 4000 75/F/B/X/T Asphalt SWY and 700 m RWY ends
are 85/R/B/X/T Concrete

17. RUNWAY
RUNWAY NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
Instrument landing system (ILS) provides guidance and distance information so that
airplanes can safely navigate through bad weather (fog, etc.). It is a landing guidance
system that enables the pilot to land the plane following only the instrument.
Aeronautical light facilities, which include approach lighting system, runway lighting
system, etc., provide visual information needed for airplanes to safely make the landing.
Uses facilities suited for CAT-III, provides a precision system that makes landing possible
even when the visual range is only 75m.
Lights
- Edge lights are installed at 60 m intervals on all runways.
- Centerline lights are installed at 15 m intervals on all
runways.
Markings : Runway Edges, Touchdown Zones, Aiming Points
and Center line.

18. Glide Path Provides
landing angle (3˚)
information to
airplanes
Marker(Inner/Middle)
Provides position
information of the
designated space with
runway thresholds
Localizer
Provides runway
center line
information to
airplanes taking
off and landing

19. Wind Rose Diagram
In the case of take – off operations, the head wind will help us in generating the lift,
whereas during the landing operations the same wind will help in generating the drag,
so as to stop the landing aircraft. So wind rose diagram provides data which is essential
in determining the direction of the runaway.

21. TAXIWAY
TAXIWAY WIDTH, SURFACE AND STRENGTH:
Width : 30 m
1.- Shoulder of TWY A/B/C/D : 15 m (Paved 12
m, Turfed 3m)
2.- Shoulder of TWY M/N : 15 m (Paved)
Surface : Asphalt, Concrete
Strength
1.TWY A, D : Concrete PCN 86/R/B/X/T
2.TWY B, C : Asphalt PCN 88/F/B/X/T
3.TWY M : Concrete PCN 85/R/B/W/T
4.TWY N : Asphalt PCN 75/F/B/W/T

22. TAXIWAY
LIGHTS
- Edge lights are installed at 15 m intervals on all TWY curved
areas and 60 m intervals of markers are in the rest of areas.
- Centerline Lights are installed at 3.75∼7.5 m intervals on all TWY
curved areas and 15 m intervals in the rest of areas.
MARKINGS
- TWY & taxi lane centerline markings are marked with a yellow solid
line on the black base on all specified taxiways designated as the
SMGCS (Surface Movement Guidance & Control System) taxiway
routes

23. APRONS
1.Apron1 : Concrete PCN 86/R/B/X/T
2.Apron2 : Concrete PCN 86/R/B/X/T
3.Apron3 : Concrete PCN 85/R/B/X/T
4.Cargo Apron1 : Concrete PCN 86/R/B/X/T
5.Cargo Apron2 : Concrete PCN 85/R/B/X/T
6.Maintenance Apron : Concrete PCN 86/R/B/X/T
Attached Apron Remote Aprons
Cargo
Apron

24. APRONS
Type Phases 1, 2 Phase 3
Phase 4 (Net
Increase)
Total
Attached
Aprons
74 37 34 145
Remote Aprons 35 17 28 13
Cargo Aprons 36 11 13 60
Total 145 65 75 285

25. HANGAR
Seoul Incheon Airport - Asiana Airlines
MRO (Maintenance Repair and Overhaul)
Hangar
Basic technical specifications of the hangar,
constructed as a landmark for the leading
Korean carrier Asiana Airlines are:
•Hangar area 60.000 m²
•Length 175 + 29 m, Width 97 + 24 m
•Height 41 m
•Capable of storing 2 jumbo and 1 smaller
aircraft at the same time
•Energy saving design, providing an inviting
work environment for the staff

26. Ongoing Development
PHASE 4 (2017 – 2024)
The demand for aviation market is expected to increase by at least twofold in the next
15 years (average annual growth rate of 4.4%). Incheon Airport has constantly grown
at the average annual growth rate of around 7% after its opening.
Construction Period 2017. 11 - 2024. 12 (7.5 years)
Construction Items
Expansion of Terminal 2 (+29 mil.
PAX/year)
One runway (Runway 4: 3,750m) (2.3
miles)
Aprons, parking lots, roads, etc.
Project Cost About 4.8 trillion won (412 mil. USD)

27. CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT
Green : Terminal 2 will be an eco-friendly airport that lives and breathes in nature
utilizing a variety of plants to maintain freshness of indoor spaces.
Also, the airport will maximize the production of new renewable energy in various ways
including fuel cell in order to be reborn as the most environmentally-friendly airport in
the world.
Art : Various structures in the form of the sky will be built inside Terminal 2, creating
artistic spaces that together form an art airport. Such artistic elements will provide a
brighter and more open experience to the passengers and users.
Smart :
• Self Check – in ,Self Bag Drop
• Speech recognition information Service
• Biology Intelligence
• AI-based intelligent CCTV
• Passenger service using IoT technologies
• Media art integrated into the building

30. ACCOLADES
Incheon International airport has been the recipient of a number of awards since its opening,
including:
•Best Airport Worldwide at the first Airport Service Quality Awards in 2007.
•Won the GT Tested Award for Best Airport in the World in January 2007.
•Named by Global Traveler (GT) as the Best Airport in the World for the second straight year in
January 2008.
•Named World's Best Airport for 2009, in the World Airport Survey results published by
Skytrax.
•In 2012 it was ranked the best airport in the world by Skytrax

31. ACCIDENT
UPS flight 5X61 suffered a runway excursion and nose gear collapse on take-off on 6 June
2016. The flight was cleared for takeoff from runway 33L. The aircraft reached V1 speed
after a ground run of 6413 feet. About that time the crew heard a noise, originating from
the failure of the no.9 tire (the left-hand tire on the central landing gear). The no.10 tire
on the same landing gear also ruptured. Vibration and torsion forces then caused the
lower drag brace of the central landing gear to break. The drag brace then hit the body
several times. This caused a rupture of the hydraulic system of brake system 1, reducing
the total brake efficiency to about 48% as the crew rejected the takeoff. With 4,635 feet
of runway remaining the aircraft began to decelerate.
The aircraft required a deceleration distance of at least about 5,550ft from the position
where the takeoff was rejected. As a result, the MD-11 stopped at approximately 1,591 ft
(485 m) past the end of the runway 33L. The nose gear collapsed and the no. 1 and 3
engines contacted the grass.

33. THANK YOU!!!