airport lecturers

1. The Design of Airports
Analysis

2. Phd. R.
Salah Sindory
University of Applied Sciences in Cologne,
Germany

6. 1. General introduction.
2. Aircraft impact on the design of airports.
3. General information on aircraft movements.
4. Aircraft impact at the design of airports.
5. Aircraft hangars.
6. Airports sections.
7. Choose the airport location.
8. User's movement at the airport analysis.
9. Watchtowers (Control Towers).
10. Functioning bags and stages of the process.
Table of Subjects

7. 11. Types of belt conveyors.
12. Some of the latest construction solutions at
airports.
13. Create Hangar "aircraft hangars."
14. International examples of airports.

8. Erbil International Airport

10. General Information.
Transport and communications network.
General location.
Elevations and traffic schemes.
Movement bags and warehouses.
Occupancy rates.
Structural administrative section.
Airport construction.
Photos of the variety of the airport

11. General Introduction:
The airport is a piece of land dedicated
and prepared fit all the requirements of
aircraft movements on the ground in
addition to securing the movement of
vehicles and equipment requirements
and persons necessary for air traffic.

12. interest in air transportation Increased after World
War II, as well as after the current technological
revolution and the consequent of the daily life of
the individual and the needs of society.
Which helped the development of air transport and
giving it priority for the rest of Transportation types
quantitative massive and qualitative development of
the means of air transport, as well as mechanisms
and equipment and air transport services both in
terms of providing the necessary aircraft ground
services or communication services -
Air Transport advantages

13. and the leadership and direction of the
aircraft in flight and the Earth and in every
stage of the flight, and at each point of the
air paths points.
the advantage of air transport, including
the following:
a) speed.
b) safety.
c) comfort and regularity.
d) economic.

14. In addition all the above, the air
traffic and the development of
airports have become important
evidence on the evolution of the
state and keep pace with the
advanced technology of the
movement in the world.
It is also a cultural interface and
tourism are important to the state

15. as the first and last stop for arrivals and
departures to and from this country.
Therefore, many countries have placed
airports on its territory special attention both
from the point of dazzling architectural
design or construction dazzling, or
technological dazzling, and it comes in many
developed countries to collect all these
methods at their airports to demonstrate the
country's position globally.

16. divided the types of airports to:
_ International airports.
_ Public Transport Airports.
_ Domestic airports.
_ Military airports.

17. The impact of aircraft on airport design:
1. fuselage: is the section dedicated to transport
passengers and equipment.
2. aircraft wings: the parts of the aircraft carrier and
contribute to maneuver the aircraft movement in
the air with the help of the tail.
3. The plane's tail: is the section that controls the
direction the plane.
4. plane wheels: distributed on a set of legs.
5. aircraft engines: distributed in different parts of
the plane according to the type and capacity.

18. This model (sample) is an illustrative
example of the above:

19. As the plane is the basis and the nerve that
moves the airport, the impact on airport
design elements is done through a set of
points associated with the type, number,
the size and movement of the aircraft.
This effect is not limited to the design of
the airport only from an architectural
perspective or construction, but it is also
associated with mainly technical design of
the airport, its organs and his equipment
and his instruments ... etc.

20. Also, all of this affects necessary for building the
airport and the airport runway and the
surrounding land spaces, not forgetting the subject
of public transportation, "an internal transfer
buses" and private transport "private cars and
taxis."
All that is based mainly on previously absorbed
from the airport and passengers by surveying its
ability to receive and secure the aircraft and
secure air traffic.
So The impact of the plane at the airport design
elements can be identified the following points:

21. 1. The height of the plane:
Is an essential which determines the height of
Create "hangars "barns", which in turn are
used in maintenance operations and staying at
the airport sometimes,
in addition to the subway travelers and goods
linked to and influenced by the plane up.
Also it is clarified in the following figure:

23. 2. The length of the plane and the presentation:
Directly affect the dimensions of arrival stations,
it affect directly also on the radii lanes as well as
the width of them.
And the figure shows aside and medium aircraft
parking Center

24. The following figure shows the dimensions it is
necessary for the center and the parking mid-
plane with radii required for the exercises while
standing and park movement and rotation (turn-
around).
----------
Aircraft also vary depending on the type of the
subject of engines, the number and types, and
this is what directly affects the movement and
speed of the plane and movement style. Which is
directly reflected in the design of barns.

26. Stages of take-off:
1-Start on passage to move to the runway.
2- Rolling on the runway on three wheels for
a distance of ( 600 - 1200 ) meter.
with speed of ( 400 - 520 ) km/h.
3- Rolling on the runway on two wheels for
a distance ( 60 - 120 ) meter.
4- Advancement, leaving the ground.
5- Acceleration to reach (25 m.) Height.
with speed of ( 200 - 240 ) km/h. depending
on the Weight and the type of plane.
See Figure (1)

28. Landing stages of plane:
1-start to decline from 25 meter height.
2-Grade, to landing on two wheels.
3-Bathos, to landing on three wheels.
for a distance of (1 – 75 ) meter.
3-Rolling on three wheels for a distance
of ( 600 – 1200 ) meter.
4- take path on the passage to park in the
aircraft parking square.
See Figure (1)

30. Hangars:
Buildings and facilities prepared shelters and
maintenance of aircraft. When most airlines
own hangars.
Some barns and can accommodate several jets
at once. Most barns are built as far away from
the main airport building, to prevent any
interference or disruption of the movement of
aircraft traffic at the airport
In the following figure clarify and compared to
the length and width and height of some of the
types of aircraft used in civil aviation traffic:

33. Designing airports:
The airport has a range of different
characteristics of aircraft movements, for
example, rolled on the ground and the
movement of service mechanisms and the
movement of people from one place to another
represent a variety of the nature of the
movements.
When airport design must take into account all
movements in addition to the airport placed for
its requirements as well as the area
surrounding it.

34. The following figure illustrates the nature of these
movements and their relationship to each other:

35. Airport main sections:
Based on the figure above the airport can be divided
into the following major sections:
A. Section required for aircraft ground movements and
includes:
airstrips and tapes.
corridors.
squares.
B. Airport buildings allocated for passengers and
goods.
C. Road of cars and transportation between the airport
and the city.

36. In addition to the custom of the operation of machinery
and equipment roads within the airport campus, as well
as parking near the buildings of the airport.
D. General Services Section includes:
technical services.
communication services.
maintenance services.
network services.
educational facilities services.
So spaces and necessary for the establishment of
airport facilities that constitutes the same airport as
well as a section of land adjacent trace the airport and
determine the campus.

37. The following figure shows the general airport sections

38. Development, Construction Of New Airports
General:
Before deciding to develop or construction,
a new airport, full consideration should be
given to the possibility of improving the
existing airport capacity so as to make it
suitable for the increased future air traffic.
Efforts should be made to accommodate new
types of aircrafts likely to ply in the near
future.

39. create new airport
The following are the steps for a scientific
approach to create a new airport:
1-Data required before site selection.
having decided to create a new airport, the first
thought that comes to the design engineers is
regarding the selection of a suitable site.
Before this is done, the following information
concerning the future airport are gathered.
1) Peak hourly volume of air traffic to be handled.
2) The present and future types of aircrafts which
may use the airport. Besides this their-

40. characteristics like the size, turning radius, encircling
radius, weight and wheel configuration etc. should
also be studied.
3) Facilities to be provided for the passengers,
baggage and cargo, for landing and take-off and
servicing of aircrafts should be considered.
This decides the type of airport to be developed.
Based on the classification of airport, the geometric
standards of approaches, runways and taxiways are
determined. Thus the planner gets an idea of the
approximate land size required for developing a
new airport. The limits of the maximum altitudes of
the topographical and man-made features in the approach
zones and turning zones can also be decided.

41. 4- Heritage and Tourism should take into
consideration.
5- after all above the side is selected
Seit plan 1

42. Seit plan 2

44. 2- Surveys for Site Selection:
2.1 Meteorological survey
To determine the direction, duration and intensity of
wind, rainfall, fog, temperature and barometric
pressure etc.
The following wind data is collected from the reliable
web sources that depend upon the Polar Orbiting
Satellite Systems for the weather forecast or report of
a region based on the user given input data like the
latitude and longitude of the required location or site.

45. -Elevation : x meter
The raw data collected includes the following:
-Wind data: Speed and Direction
-Sky: Cloudy/Clear/Overcast
- Rain level: mm.
- Temperature : C°
2-2 topographical survey:
To prepare contour map showing other natural features
such as trees, streams, buildings, roads etc.

46. 2-3 Soil survey
To determine the type of soil. This assists the design of
runway, taxiway, terminal buildings and the
drainage system. and the Geologically of the selected area.
Formation which is characterized of argillaceous rock units
comprising of splintery green shale, clays and sandstones
with ironstone intercalation and conformably overlying,
either deposition under shallow and brackish conditions,
probably close to the shoreline. Brown clayey
soil is the most predominant.

47. Soil samples from the proposed region

48. 2-4 Drainage survey:
To determine the quantity of storm water for drainage.
This can be done by interpreting rainfall intensity and the
contour maps of the area. To determine the possible
outlets for draining water in the vicinity of the site.
The present drainage system in the town was well laid
with canals and drains. The total length of storm water
drains in the region is 6.91 km against a total road length
of 31 km. The average annual rainfall over the district
varies from 1105 mm to 1214 mm and the maximum
rainfall is during north-east monsoon. The town has 14
number of water bodies situated at various locations of
the town, which constitute major storm water drainage
system in the town. The list of water bodies and the
ownership particulars should be given as a table.

49. 2-5 Drainage pattern:
The general slope of the town is towards north-east
leading to the river The rain water during monsoon is
conveyed through the existing network of drains in the
town and is let into the water bodies.
All above information's and surveys data be given to the
the design engineers , depending on the contour Lines
Map.
After specific time they have to give the Final site plan
Or the Masterplan of the Airport.

53. Runway design and structural design of an
airfield pavement.
The runway is a major element of the airport. It is
clearly defined area of an airport prepared for
landing and/or take off of aircraft. Runways and
taxiways should be so planned in relations to other
major operating elements such as terminal
building, cargo areas, aprons air traffic services and
parking etc. to provide an airport configuration
offering the maximum overall efficiency. Runways
are normally identified by the principal elements.

54. Runway location and orientation are of the utmost
importance to aviation safety, comfort and
convenience of operation, environment impacts,
the overall efficiency and economics of the airport.
In establishing a new runway layout,
the factor influencing runway location and
orientation should be considered. The weight and
degree of concern to be given to each factor are in
part dependent on the airplane types expected to
utilise each runway, the meteorological conditions
to be accommodated, the surrounding environment
and the volume of air traffic expected to be
generated on each runway.

55. Following factors should be considered in location and
orientation of the new runways,
1. Location of neighboring airports.
2. Obstruction and topography.
3. Built up areas and noise.
4. Air traffic control technique.
5. Wind direction and visibility condition.
6. Capacity (type and amount of traffic).

56. First - the runway:
the following Factors affects on the design of
the runway.
1- Aircraft characteristics.
length, width, height, weight,
Figure 1, 2
2- International Civil Aviation Organization
airport code,
Have to give a regional structure ICAO code are
not duplicated, like ( EIA, CGN, SAW )

57. Figure 1, 2

58. Runways
The runway width should be not less than 60m.
Runway shoulders are recommended and, if
provided, should be at least 7.5m in width each
side, giving an overall minimum width of 75m.
The Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ) shall extend to at
least 77.5m either side of the runway.

59. The following table illustrates the regulars width of
runways types with proper demo tape:
considering that the tape is a strip of land on either side
of the runway and associated presentation class runway

61. Second - passages:
Use lanes and private roads roll out the aircraft to
move from the arena to stand cathode, or vice
versa.
This movement must be done soon, and the
shortest possible time so be straight as possible in
the corners should be finished and large diameters
suitable for the movement of aircraft types.
The following table shows the half-appropriate
diameters in the corridors for the movement of
aircraft.

63. Third - squares:
Arena is a piece of land ripe airport parking the
plane and it is divided into types:
wait arenas: are situated near runways.
yards convoys: deposited from the nearest
airport buildings and runways before.
yards Garage: Maintenance & B.
Fourth - airport buildings:
they are installations through which the
transition from ground transportation to and
modes of air transport, directly or indirectly

64. In addition, they are, all the services
and necessary for travelers or visitors
transactions are in buildings airport
so it must be for these buildings to
secure lasting balance between
passenger comfort and visitors and
the rapid movement and constant
and clear at every stage of their
move into this building requirements

65. When the airport is designed to be
taking into consideration the large
number of current and future airport, as
well as to be separated and areas of
service operations into three segments
they are:
1-Travelers within the state.
2-International travelers.
3-Transit passengers.

66. of course, every segment of the previous
slice, different types of services and travel
requirements, in addition to the presence
of special zones for visitors and escorts
and tourists.
Overall, the airport buildings must contain the
following major sections:
1) departures section:
Featuring private transactions passenger
places to secure the bags to the departures
and inspection of various types.

67. 2) Arrivals section:
Includes customized travelers coming to
places of transactions inspections bags and
security in their places of receipt of the bags
and queries, and others.
In the above two sections must be separate
between the local and the international
passengers.
3) transit section:
includes waiting hall and places of sale and
recreation and other.

68. 4) a section dedicated to airlines.
5) Security Section.
6) special section for V.I.P.
7) section dedicated to visitors and
depositors,as well as to places of queries, and
guidance,hotel,restaurants and shops etc.
8) Section for services.
9) educational facilities department.
These sections are connected to each other
on many levels directly and indirectly with
the observation supervision of the Security
Department on all parts of the airport.

69. For example, the international airport
(Model) includes the following buildings:
-Ceremony of the building overlooking the
parking of aircraft overseen by the
Department of terminal and airport security
office.
-Hall of honor VIP also supervised by the
terminal building department in coordination
with the airport security office.
-The passenger terminal building.
-Technical buildings.

70. -Fire building.
-Power plants .
-Lighting building runways and squares.
-Hangar warehouse and shipping exports and --
imports.
-Meteorology building.
-Weather forecasting building.
-Square parking lot is free to the public and can
accommodate sixty touring car.
-Refueling station for cars (gasoline - diesel) is
running.
-Restaurant oversees the public on the apron and
aircraft parking.

71. Aside diagram shows the main sections of the
airport, And their relationship with each
other or with squares:
1- Airport building.
2- Hangars.
3- Maintenance department.
4- Main entrance.
5- Fire area.
6- Car parking
7- Square garage.
8- Designated parking for travelers

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