This document discusses principles of crowd control. It defines different types of crowds like casual, sighting, and agitated crowds. It also defines mobs and their types. The key principles of crowd control are being aware of the audience's characteristics, controlling access points, screening for contraband, and having trained security staff. Crowds can be managed through non-violent and violent tactics, and the role of police is to maintain peace while protecting rights.

1. PRINCIPLES OF
CROWD CONTROL
BY GURURAJ KULKARNI GUEST FACULTY
POLICE TRAINING COLLEGE NAGANHALLI
KALBURAGI

3.  Proper crowd management is more important
than ever for law enforcement.
 It is imperative that each officer stays alert.
Best practices should be adopted to protect
 officers in all circumstances.
 Public demonstrations have increased in
frequency as a result of high profile incidents
involving the police.

4.  Although most have been peaceful, the
chance of a threat to officer safety is Imminent
and law enforcement agencies have an
obligation to prepare for a proper response for
crowd management, regardless of the type of
demonstration.

5.  During a demonstration, whether large or
small, the role of a law enforcement officer is
to ensure the public’s safety, protect lives and
property, and also protect the rights of all
persons involved in the event.

7. MEANING OF CROWD
CONTROL
 Crowd Control (abbreviated to CC) is the
term used to describe an ability or spell that
temporarily reduces a unit's ability to fight. The
term 'crowd control' comes from the ability to
control the enemy team during fights, by
either restricting their contribution or means to
escape

8. PRINCIPLES OF CROWD
CONTROL
 Be Aware Of Your Audience's Characteristics.
 Control Access To Liquor.
 Keep Access Points To A Minimum.
 Screen For Contraband.
 Organize Your Staff, And Give Everyone A
Clear Role.
 Make Sure You've Got Trained Security.

9.  Correct police attitudes in dealing with different
classes of agitators.
 Collection of intelligence.
 Counseling and mediation.
 Use of force and less lethal weapons or
methods to control crowd.

10.  1. A crowd is a lawful gathering of people, who
are organized disciplined and who have an
objective.
 2. A Mob have gone out of control because of
various and powerful influences, such as racial
tension or revenge.

11. Types of crowd
 1. Causal crowd ( e.g. Shopping mall)
 2. Sighting. ( sport events)
 3. Agitated. ( sense of unity and emotionality
involved.

12. CAUSAL CROWD
 Casual crowds are identified as individuals or
small groups with nothing in common to bind
them together.
 If they have an agenda, it is their own. They
arrive separately and leave separately.
 Casual crowds are made up of individuals or
small groups occupying the same common
place, such as a shopping mall where these
 individuals or small groups meet.

13. SIGHTING
 Sighting
 crowds are similar to casual crowds with one
additional element —an event.
 There are numerous events that cause people to
come together as a crowd, such as; sporting
events, fires and accidents, music concerts,
labour strikes, demonstration, and protests.
 Individuals or groups gather at these events for
the
 same purpose.
 It is the event or one’s curiosity that compels a
sighting crowd to come together.

14. AGITATED
 Agitated crowds are generally casual or
sighting crowds with the addition of strong
emotions expressed verbally.
 As more people within the crowd become
emotionally involved, a sense of unity can
develop, causing changes in the overall
demean or of the crowd.
 Yelling, screaming, crying, and profane name-
calling are all associated with an agitated
crowd
 .

15. THREE TYPES OF MOB
 1. The Mob who have a definite aim i.e to
destroy, damage private or public property or
to kill.
 2. The Escape Mob who are escaping from a
perceived physical threat, such as guns, fire or
CS gas.
 3. The Acquisitive mob who are out to loot or
rob.

16.  Extreme acts of violence and property damage
are often a part of mob activities.
 Mobs consist of (or involve) the elements of
people and groups being mixed together and
becoming fluid.

17. Mass Development
 Assembly Process, Gathering, Dispersal
 Assembly Process.
1. Spontaneous .
2. Organized.

18. SPONTANEOUS
PROTESTS/DEMONSTRATIONS
 Usually develops informally and is mostly done
by word of mouth (one person to another or
one group to another).
 Participants spread information by telling one
another when, where, and what ....
 Spreading information via electronic means
Text messages or social media.

19. ORGANIZED
 An organized assembly involves individuals
and groups passing on information to one
another.
 In preparation for a long-term event, some
group organizers have the means to provide
logistical support, such as transportation, food,
and water for the participants.

20.  Rarely is only one group responsible for
pulling together a gathering.
 Organized assemblies rely heavily on
established groups that attract people to
gather.

22. GATHERING (CROWDS,
GROUPS, INDIVIDUALS)
 Crowds :
 Not to be considered as an homogeneous
groups.
 Not consisting of isolated individuals, but
normally small groups who may or may not be
acquainted with each other.
 Crowds are generally, not unique or
distinguished by violence or unlawful conduct.

23.  Groups:-
 Groups and individuals in the crowd are not
unanimous in their motivation.
 Groups within a Crowd will often act in unison
in an attempt to achieve their goals.
 Groups consists of individuals that usually are
not anonymous to each other.
 Presence of groups acting with different
modalities must be carefully considered.

24.  Individuals:-
 Tends to be considered as part of a group
rather then being considered individual actors.
 They do not participate in unique, emotional
displays.

25. Dispersal Process
 1. Routine:
 Routine: is when the crowd leaves on its own
with no outside influence-may be specified in
advance and can be included in the assembly
instructions given by the organizers of the
event.

26.  Emergency: when people abandon an area as
a result of an unexpected crisis (fire,
explosion, bomb threat, terrorist act).
 Individuals in such an emergency quickly
recover from the initial shock and often find
improvised ways of extricating themselves and
their companions from the dangerous
situation.

27.  Therefore, it is critical that Police on the scene
follows carefully the situation not to confuse
group dispersal from a violent act.
 Coercion: Coercion dispersal is characterized
by use of force. Therefore as to be considered
as the last resort.
 Consequently the police officers on the spot
Should carefully consider the negotiation
option.

29.  This in fact is the preferred method to be
adopted and has proven to be highly
successful in creating the right conditions to
anticipate the potential for incidents.

30. Assessing Crowds/Mobs
 Take Account of:
 1. Size of Crowds/mobs.
 2. Behaviour or attitude of Crowds/mobs.
 3. Area of Occupation.
 4. Static or moving.
 5. Direction and Purpose.

31.  6. Weapons.
 7. Advice from other sources i.e. local
authorities.
 8. Danger to persons and property.

32. Reasons for a Crowd to get out of
control.
 Trigger action.
 People are not sure what is happening or do
not agree with what is happening.
 There is a feeling that time is running out.
 The crow has not internal organisation.
 People are tired of waiting.

33.  There is deliberate sabotage.
 Poor planning/cultural insensitivity by
organisers.
 Action of police or members of a counter
demonstration.

34. CROWD RESPONSE
 Motivations.
 Public disorder.
 Public disturbance.
 Riot.
 Panic.

35. CROWD TACTICS
 1. Non-violent.
 2. Violent.

36.  Non-violent:-
 Nonviolent actions of a crowd may create
problems to the authorities because they are in
direct conflict with what authorities want them
to do, such as refusing to leave when directed,
locking arms, and sitting in front of or around
areas and buildings that the authorities are
attempting to clear.

37.  Violent:
 The transition from a crowd to a mob can be
very violent and destructive.
 Violent crowds strike out physically at
bystanders, others in the crowd, or members
of the Police Forces on the scene.

38.  They may destroy private and public property,
set fires, throw Molotov cocktails, or use other
weapons or projectiles at their disposal.
 Some violent tactics, are put in place to create
confusion or to distract the attention from
another activity.
 The only limitations for violent elements are
given by their capabilities, the ability of their
leaders, and the resources readily accessible.

39. CROWD COMMON TACTICS
 Constructing barricades.
 Using weapons and projectiles.
 Feinting and flanking actions.
 Participating in verbal abuse.
 Using vehicles and other objects.
 Setting fires.
 Perceived innocent or weak people.
 Barricades setting.

40.  Intense objects throwing.
 Car crashes.
 Devastation/debris rubble areas.
 Stabbing.
 Use of fire arms.
 Panic reactions.
 Suffocation .
 Crushing.

41.  Molotov Cocktail.
 Violence for sake of violence.
 Destruction of property.
 Looting.
 Running out of supplies.
 Sniping.
 Explosive.

43. MANAGING THE CROWD
TACKTICS
 Protect the rights of persons to lawfully
assemble and express their opinions.
 Maintain a peaceful situation
 Deploy officers to acquire information and
eventually to acquire evidences
 Facilitate event-related activities.

44.  Assist local authorities in providing a public
safety response
 Address unlawful conduct—either past,
present, or anticipated
 A pre-event assessment may include:
 Determining the time of assembly, duration of
event, location, and type of activities planned