Presentation at the Advanced Workshop for CO2 Storage, Mexico City, 26-27 August 2014

1. Well Logging for Petrophysics
Example of the Sabinas Basin
Ricardo Castrejón, UNAM
Advanced Workshop for CO2 Storage
August 26-27, 2014
DF IPN ESIA Ticomán Auditorium
SUPPORTED BY:

2. Acknowledgments:
Ing. Bernardo Martell Andrade, FI, UNAM
Dr. Ricardo J. Padilla y Sánchez, FI, UNAM
Ing. Rafael Acosta, CFE
Ing. Jazmín Mota Nieto, CFE
Ma. Del Carmen Reynoso Martínez, CFE
Rocío Carbajal Martínez, CFE
Mariana Almaraz Espejo
SUPPORTED BY:

3. OUTLINE:
• Sabinas basin
• Geophysical well logs
• Petrophysics
• Storage assessment (Muzquiz-1):
SUPPORTED BY:
Formation temperature
Clay volume
Total porosity
Effective porosity
Lithology
Fluids saturation
Formation water salinity
Estimation of permeability
• Basin model

4. Relationship Between Assessment Scale and Level of
Detail and Resolution
SUPPORTED BY:
(Bachu, 2007)

5. Geological provices with possibility of CO2 storage in
Mexico
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, SENER,
2012)

6. Anthropogenic CO2 sources in the region
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, 2014)

7. SABINAS BASIN
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, Pemex, 2014)

8. GEOPHYSICAL WELL LOGS
SUPPORTED BY:
(Ricco, 2013)

9. GEOPHYSICAL WELL LOGS
SUPPORTED BY:
(Ricco, 2013)

10. PETROPHYSICS
Suitable for CO2 storage in saline aquifers:
• Porosity ≥ 10%
• Permeability ≥ 20 mD
• Clay volume < 15%
• Water saturation = 100%
• Water salinity > 10 Kppm
• Temperature ≥ 35 ºC
• Geothermal gradient: G < 35 ºC/km and/or low Ts
• 800m < Depth < 2,500m
• Pore pressure: hydrostatic
• Evaporites: present
• Thickness ≥ 20m
• Caprock thickness ≥ 10m
SUPPORTED BY:

11. STORAGE ASSESSMENT (WELL MUZQUIZ-1)
• Formation temperature
• Clay volume
• Total porosity
• Effective porosity
• Lithology
• Fluids saturation
• Formation water salinity
• Estimation of permeability
SUPPORTED BY:

12. Formation temperature
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Data:
Equation:

13. Exercise: calculate
T at 1725 m.
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14. Exercise: calculate
T at 1725 m.
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15. Exercise: calculate
T at 1725 m.
Tf = (20 + [(80 - 20) / 2117.5] 1725
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16. Exercise: calculate
T at 1725 m.
Tf= (20 + [(80 - 20) / 2117.5] 1725
Tf= 68.9 oC
SUPPORTED BY:

17. Clay volume
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18. Clay volume
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19. Clay volume
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20. Clay volume
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21. Clay volume
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22. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
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23. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
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24. Clay volume
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25. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:

26. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:

27. Clay volume
SUPPORTED BY:

28. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
Ish = (38.948 - 5.5824) / (100.22 - 5.5824)
SUPPORTED BY:

29. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
Ish = (38.948 - 5.5824) / (100.22 - 5.5824)
Ish = 0.353
SUPPORTED BY:

30. Clay volume
SUPPORTED BY:

31. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
Ish = (38.948 - 5.5824) / (100.22 - 5.5824) = 0.353
SUPPORTED BY:

32. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
Ish = (38.948 - 5.5824) / (100.22 - 5.5824) = 0.353
Vsh = 1.7 - [3.38 - (0.353 + 0.7)2]0.5
SUPPORTED BY:

33. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
Ish = (38.948 - 5.5824) / (100.22 - 5.5824) = 0.353
Vsh = 1.7 - [3.38 - (0.353 + 0.7)2]0.5
Vsh = 0.193
SUPPORTED BY:

34. Clay type
SUPPORTED BY:
(Schlumberger,
2010)

35. Total porosity
SUPPORTED BY:
Where:
ΦT is total porosity with liquids
Φ is total porosity with gas
ΦD is density porosity
ΦN is neutron porosity
Exercise: Calculate total porosity at 1725 m.

36. Total porosity
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37. Total porosity
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38. Total porosity
SUPPORTED BY:
Where:
ΦT is total porosity with liquids
Φ is total porosity with gas
ΦD is density porosity
ΦN is neutron porosity
Exercise: Calculate total porosity at 1725 m.
ΦT = (– 0.0710) + (0.1439) / 2

39. Total porosity
SUPPORTED BY:
Where:
ΦT is total porosity with liquids
Φ is total porosity with gas
ΦD is density porosity
ΦN is neutron porosity
Exercise: Calculate total porosity at 1725 m.
ΦT = (– 0.0710) + (0.1439) / 2
ΦT = 0.0365

40. Exercise: calculate Ish and Vsh at 1725 m.
Ish = (38.948 - 5.5824) / (100.22 - 5.5824) = 0.353
Vsh = 1.7 - [3.38 - (0.353 + 0.7)2]0.5
Vsh = 0.193
SUPPORTED BY:
Shaly formation

41. Effective
porosity
SUPPORTED BY:

42. Exercise: calculate effective porosity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:

43. Exercise: calculate effective porosity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:

44. Total porosity
SUPPORTED BY:
ΦNcl= 0.27
ΦDcl=-0.02

45. Exercise: calculate effective porosity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:
ΦNC = 0.1439 – 0.193 (0.27)
Φ DC = – 0.0710 – 0.193 (0.02)

46. Exercise: calculate effective porosity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:
ΦNC = 0.1439 – 0.193 (0.27)
ΦNC = 0.092
ΦDC = – 0.0710 – 0.193 (0.02)
ΦDC = - 0.075

47. Exercise: calculate effective porosity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:
ΦNC = 0.1439 – 0.193 (0.27)
ΦNC = 0.092
ΦDC = – 0.0710 – 0.193 (0.02)
ΦDC = - 0.075
Φe = (0.092) + (-0.075) / 2

48. Exercise: calculate effective porosity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:
ΦNC = 0.1439 – 0.193 (0.27)
ΦNC = 0.092
ΦDC = – 0.0710 – 0.193 (0.02)
ΦDC = - 0.075
Φe = (0.092) + (-0.075) / 2
Φe = 0.0085

49. Natural fractures
SUPPORTED BY:
(Schlumberger)

50. Lithology
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51. Lithology
(Schlumberger, 2010)
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52. Exercise: estimate lithology at 1725 m.
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53. Lithology
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54. Lithology
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55. Lithology
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56. Lithology
SUPPORTED BY:

57. Exercise:
estimate
lithology at
1725 m.
ΦN = 0.1439
ΦD = -0.0710
SUPPORTED BY:

58. Exercise:
estimate
lithology at
1725 m.
ΦN = 0.1439
ΦD = -0.0710
Dolomía
arcillosa
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59. Minerals interpretation
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60. Minerals interpretation
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61. Fluids saturation
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62. Fluids saturation
Cementation exponent “m”
Tortuosity coefficient “a”
CARBONATES
SUPPORTED BY:
SANDSTONES

63. Fluids saturation
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64. Fluids saturation
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65. Fluids saturation (Vsh > 15%)
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66. Gas estimation
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67. Exercise: calculate formation water resistivity at 1725 m.
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68. Exercise: calculate formation water resistivity at 1725 m.
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69. Water saturation
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70. Exercise: calculate formation water resistivity at 1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:

71. Exercise: calculate water saturation at 1725 m.
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72. Exercise: calculate
Sw at 1725 m.
Rsh= 4 ohmm
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73. Exercise: calculate water saturation at 1725 m.
Sw = 1
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74. Abnormal overpressure
(Schlumberger)
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75. Salinity
SUPPORTED BY:
(Schlumberger)

76. Exercise: estimate formation water salinity at
1725 m.
SUPPORTED BY:

77. Exercise: estimate formation water salinity at
1725 m.
Rw = 0.2 ohmm
T = 68.9 oC
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78. Salinity
SUPPORTED BY:
(Schlumberger) 15 kppm

79. Permeability
Y Tixier: k = C(Φe
3/Sw
SUPPORTED BY:
2) ; C = 50

80. Exercise: calculate permeability at 1725m.
SUPPORTED BY:

81. Exercise: calculate permeability at 1725m.
With Tixier: k = C(Φe
SUPPORTED BY:
3/Sw
2) ; C = 50

82. Exercise: calculate permeability at 1725m.
With Tixier: k = C(Φe
SUPPORTED BY:
3/Sw
2) ; C = 50
k = 50(0.013/12)

83. Exercise: calculate permeability at 1725m.
With Tixier: k = C(Φe
SUPPORTED BY:
3/Sw
2) ; C = 50
k = 50(0.013/12)
k = 0.00005 D
k = 0.1 mD

84. Mud logging
SUPPORTED BY:
(Mud logging)

85. Integration of core analysis
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86. Intervals selection
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87. Petrophysical interpretation
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88. Petrophysical interpretation
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89. Intervals selection
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90. Petrophysical interpretation
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91. Petrophysical interpretation
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92. Intervals selection
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93. Petrophysical interpretation
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94. Petrophysical interpretation
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95. Intervals selection
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96. Geological assessment
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, 2014)

97. Geological assessment
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, 2014)

98. Wells correlation
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, 2014)

99. Well formation tops
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, 2014)

100. Seismic line
SUPPORTED BY:
(Pemex)

101. Geological sections
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)
Sección Monclova

102. Geological sections
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)
Sección PN-SAB-2

103. Hosston formation
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)

104. Hosston formation
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)
Configuración de la
Formación Hosston

105. La Virgen formation
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)
Configuración de
la Formación La
Virgen

106. La Peña formation
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)
Configuración de
la Formación La
Peña

107. 3D model
SUPPORTED BY:
(CFE, UNAM, software MOVE, 2014)

108. Muchas gracias
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