image logs were introduced by schlumberger in 1980. these logs are advanced and most widely use in industry.  Image logs can provide detailed picture of the wellbore that represent the geological and petro physical properties of the section being logged.

1. Image Log

2. Image Log
 IMAGE LOGS WERE INTRODUCED BY SCHLUMBERGER IN 1980.
 THESE LOGS ARE ADVANCED AND MOST WIDELY USE IN INDUSTRY.
IMAGE LOGS CAN PROVIDE DETAILED PICTURE OF THE WELLBORE
THAT REPRESENT THE GEOLOGICAL AND PETRO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF THE SECTION BEING LOGGED.

3. Types
1. FORMATION MICRO IMAGER LOG (FMI).
2. ULTRASONIC BORE HOLE IMAGE LOG (UBI).
3. OPTICAL IMAGE LOG

4. FMI
WHAT DOES FMI MEASURES:
 IMAGE LOGS ARE RESISTIVITY OR ACOUSTIC DEVICES THAT
MEASURE CERTAIN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ROCK AT OR
NEAR THE WELL THAT CAN BE DISPLAYED AS IMAGES OF THE
WELLBORE, WHICH CAN THEN BE INTERPRETED ON A COMPUTER.
 ROCK PROPERTIES DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING FACTORS:
I. COMPOSITION
II. DIAGENESIS
III. GRAIN SIZE
IV. GRAIN ORIENTATION
 FMI IMAGES PROVIDE CRITICAL INFORMATION IF THE ROCK
STRUCTURE AND SEDIMENTARY FEATURES ARE SIGNIFICANT
DETERMINANTS OF FORMATION PRODUCTIVITY.

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• FMI LOGS, CARRY AN ARRAY OF ELECTRODES ON PADS USED
TO PRODUCE AN ELECTRICAL IMAGE OF THE FORMATIONS
SEEN ON THE BOREHOLE WALL
• IT GIVES 80% COVERAGE OF BOREHOLE .
• THE FMI YIELDS A CONTINUOUS, HIGH-RESOLUTION
ELECTRICAL IMAGE OF A BOREHOLE .
• OTHER COMPANIES HAVE SINCE DEVELOPED SIMILAR HIGH-
RESOLUTION ELECTRICAL BOREHOLE IMAGING TOOLS.

6.  DURING THE MEASUREMENT, HIGH FREQUENCY
CURRENT IS EMITTED FROM EACH BUTTONS WHICH
CREATES AN EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACE PARALLEL TO
BOREHOLE WALL.
 THE TOOL FOCUSES THE CURRENT A SHORT DISTANCE
INTO THE FORMATION
 DIFFERENCES OF POTENTIAL ARE MEASURED BETWEEN
EACH BUTTONS AND THE UPPER TOOL CARTRIDGE
HOUSING (TOOL UPPER ELECTRODE)

7. Device
FMI tool

8. Core and FMI
IF THE FMI-DERIVED IMAGE IS OF SUFFICIENT QUALITY
AND CALIBRATED AGAINST THE CORE, IT CAN PROVIDE A
CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE FORMATION IN PLACES
WHERE CORE IS NOT CUT, THERE WAS NO CORE
RECOVERY, OR WHEN A CORE HAS BEEN DAMAGED
THROUGH HANDLING, TRANSPORTATION, OR PLUGGING.

9. Benefits
 INTERPRET FORMATIONS ACCURATELY
 IMPROVE RESERVOIR DESCRIPTIONS
 MAKE DECISIONS ON SITE
 GET DATA IN DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS, INCLUDING DEVIATED AND
HORIZONTAL WELLS
 SAVE TIME AND MONEY WITH COMPLETE INTERPRETATIONS IN ONE
IMAGE PASS

11. UBI
OTHER COMMON NAMES TO THIS LOG:
1. CBIL (PRONOUNCED CYBILL) STANDS FOR
CONTINUOUS BOREHOLE IMAGE LOG
2. BOREHOLE TELE VIEWER

12. WORKING
 ACOUSTIC IMAGE LOGS, ALSO CALLED TELE VIEWER OR CBIL
LOGS, USE A ROTATING TRANSDUCER TO MEASURE
ACOUSTIC IMAGES OVER THE ENTIRE BOREHOLE .
 THE ROTATING TRANSDUCER INCORPORATED IN THE UBI
SONDE IS BOTH A TRANSMITTER AND A RECEIVER.
 THE UBI ULTRASONIC BOREHOLE IMAGER LETS YOU
ANALYZE FRACTURES AND THE STRESS REGIME AND
CONDUCT BOREHOLE STABILITY STUDIES USING IMAGES
WITH 100% BOREHOLE COVERAGE.

13.  THE ROTATING TRANSDUCER INCORPORATED IN THE UBI
SONDE IS BOTH A TRANSMITTER AND A RECEIVER.
 THE TRANSDUCER SUBASSEMBLY IS AVAILABLE IN A
VARIETY OF SIZES FOR LOGGING THE COMPLETE RANGE
OF NORMAL OPEN HOLE SIZES.
 FOR OPEN HOLE APPLICATIONS, THE UBI TOOL IS
LOGGED WITH THE TRANSDUCER OPERATING AT EITHER
250 OR 500 KHZ.

14. Advanced borehole imaging independent of
mud type
 THE UBI* ULTRASONIC BOREHOLE IMAGER ENABLES THE
ANALYSIS OF FRACTURES, STRESS AND BOREHOLE
STABILITY STUDIES, AND ENABLES STRUCTURAL
INTERPRETATIONS THAT ARE UNINFLUENCED BY MUD
TYPE.
 BOREHOLE STABILITY AND BREAKOUT INFORMATION
CAN BE DERIVED FROM THE ACCURATE BOREHOLE
CROSS SECTION AS MEASURED BY THE UBI TOOL.

16. Applications
1. HIGH-RESOLUTION GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
2. BOREHOLE STABILITY
3. STRESS ANALYSIS
4. ANALYSIS OF FRACTURES.

17. Device
ubi tool

19. OBI
• THE OPTICAL BOREHOLE IMAGER (OBI) SONDE OPERATED BY EGS
PROVIDES AN ORIENTATED DIGITAL VISUAL IMAGE OF THE
BOREHOLE WALL AT A VARIETY OF OPERATOR-CONFIGURED
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL RESOLUTIONS
• BY MEANS OF A HIGH-RESOLUTION VIDEO CAMERA
MOUNTED IN THE OPTICAL SENSOR HEAD CAPTURES A
SERIES OF CIRCULAR IMAGES OF THE BOREHOLE WALL .

21. Specifications
• THE OPTICAL TELEVIEWER CAN BE RUN IN BOTH AIR FILLED AND
(CLEAR) WATER FILLED HOLES.
• FURTHER PROCESSING ALLOWS FOR THE COMPUTATION AND
DISPLAY OF STANDARD INFORMATION ON FRACTURES AND OTHER
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
• IMAGE RESOLUTION : 360 TO 1440 PIXEL
• 360° ORIENTED OPTICAL IMAGE
•

22. Applications of image log
 CORE ORIENTATION
 RECONSTRUCTION OF MISSING CORE
 FRACTURE IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION (BOTH NATURAL
AND INDUCED
 IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEPOSITIONAL
FEATURES
 RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE
 IDENTIFICATION OF WELL BORE FAILURES (BREAKOUTS)