1. The Recovery of the population
• 1- In the 14th century ,Europe
suffered a big crisis as a result
of poor harvests wars and
illness.
• 2-The most terrible event was
the black plague. More than a
quarter of the population died
• 3-In the 15th century , the situation
improved , and the population
began to recover slowly

2. Economic Growth
1-In the 15th and 16th centuries, the
European economy expanded again.
2-There were more population
What happened with the demand of the
products?
People demand more agricultural
products and crafts.
What caused the geographical
discoveries?
They caused more trade and the
improving of the banking system
During this period , cities had great
economic power .Some of the most
influential cities were Venice,
Florence, Seville, Lisbon or London….

3. Social Changes:
Royalty
Upper nobility and upper clergy,
continued to be the most
highly privileged groups, They
didn´t pay taxes , They were a
minority but their numbers were
increasing
Lesser nobility
Bourgeoisie also became very influential. It was made up of rich
and powerful merchant and banking families. Some of them
married into noble families to raise their social status . They lent
money and received privileges in exchange
Craftsmen, peasants continued to live under hard conditions and most were
poor ..
Poor peasants, low paid worker In western Europe conditions improved because in most
countries peasants became free and were no longer serfs.