The social structure of Europe from the 16th to early 20th century remained relatively stable due to commercial revolution, population growth, and falling money values. The main social classes were the landed aristocracy, middle class, peasantry, and urban poor. Educational demands increased for clergy, clerks, nobles, and lawyers, leading to education reforms and the growth of universities across Europe. However, Eastern Europe experienced greater restrictions on peasants, who often lost land rights and faced serfdom with obligations like forced labor.