The document discusses the history of banking and perspectives on usury (charging interest) from various religions. It notes that in the past, the Church prohibited usury as a grave sin. Over time, money-lenders began issuing notes backed by gold deposits but created much more in notes than they held in reserves, establishing the basis of modern banking. Religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam generally prohibit usury. The document criticizes the current banking system for creating money from nothing and argues for a more socially responsible financial system.
America's Broken Retirement Plans and Pension Systemsourfuture
William R. Lerach, a class-action lawyer and securities expert, has prepared this presentation that outlines the roots of the current retirement crisis and offers suggestions for reform. Lerach traces how deregulation and Wall Street's capture of the political and regulatory processes in Washington became key reasons why retirement plans for millions of people have lost value and in many cases are becoming an albatross around the necks of corporations and state and local governments.
The series of Booklets that have been produced is
to remove misconception on Islam, and see ways
and means to nd the similarities in the Great
Masters Teachings, through the available
Scriptures, and to prevent Mischief.
America's Broken Retirement Plans and Pension Systemsourfuture
William R. Lerach, a class-action lawyer and securities expert, has prepared this presentation that outlines the roots of the current retirement crisis and offers suggestions for reform. Lerach traces how deregulation and Wall Street's capture of the political and regulatory processes in Washington became key reasons why retirement plans for millions of people have lost value and in many cases are becoming an albatross around the necks of corporations and state and local governments.
The series of Booklets that have been produced is
to remove misconception on Islam, and see ways
and means to nd the similarities in the Great
Masters Teachings, through the available
Scriptures, and to prevent Mischief.
History of money used for talks at Bhaubali College of Engg., ShravanabealgolaNatekar's World
A talk was presented about "History of Money" at Bahubali College of Engg., Shravanabelagola. The presentation is development of money and its politics.
This is a talk I give at New York Culture Salon(纽约文化沙龙) , I introduce Bitcoin to Chinese Community in New York.
In this talk, we will talk about the origin of money, how our current financial system create money, how the Bitcoin protocol works, and what value it can bring us. We are also going to discuss stories behind the creator of Bitcoin Satoshi Nakamoto, and how investors, financial experts and mass media view Bitcoin.
Power of Personal Appearance
Image management is the ongoing process of evaluating and controlling the impact of your appearance and the resulting response on you and others.
The concept of image management applies to anyone who has ever needed to improve self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, capability and credibility. It applies to anyone who has ever wanted to get an idea across to someone else, to influence opinion or action is it in the home, school, church, community or business setting. It is creating an authentic, appropriate, attractive, and affordable image. Intelligence, knowledge, ability, initiative, and effort are vital to success of any kind, but regardless of whom you are, how old, and what your role or goal, ongoing image management can give you the personal/professional presence you need.
As an individual living and working in a highly complex and competitive society, you must recognize and understand the impact of your appearance as it communicates first to you and then to others. What you wear and the way you look affects:
1. The Way You Think
You can’t afford to think negatively about yourself due to some aspect of your appearance. When you appear authentic, attractive, and appropriate, you think more positively about yourself, your situation, and others.
2. The Way You Feel
You can’t afford to feel depressed, unproductive, uncomfortable, antagonistic, argumentative, self-conscious, inferior, or full of self-doubt. A positive personal appearance is a fast, effective way to boost self-confidence and overcome anxiety regarding ability or acceptance. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you feel more comfortable, confident, capable, cooperative and productive.
3. The Way You Act or Behave
You can’t afford to act awkward, insecure, submissive, out-of-place, or out-of-order. Nor can you afford to act defensive, arrogant, aggressive, affected, superior, or conceited. A positive personal appearance is one of the most effective ways to improve behavior and enhance performance level or productivity. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you act more secure, at ease, mannerly, competent, and naturally able to do your best.
4. The Way Others React and Respond to You
Your appearance is the one personal characteristic that is immediately obvious and accessible to others. You can’t hide it. Your appearance makes a strong statement about your personality, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, abilities, roles, and goals. You can’t afford to be seen as disrespectful, antagonistic, affected, scatterbrained, irresponsible, ineffective, or unproductive. You can’t afford to create a negative impression or to build barriers between you and others because of unattractive, inappropriate, distracting, or offensive appearance.
When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and ap
Well it is not as money and never has been except as the subject of plunder economics. Gold has done more to destablize economies and capital accumulation the aim of the real economy run by its trading connections.
Capitalism
Pre capitalist
Mercantilism is economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state. Adam Smith coined the term “mercantile system” to describe the system of political economy that sought to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports. (Library of economics and liberty)
The goal of these policies was, supposedly, to achieve a “favourable” balance of trade that would bring gold and silver into the country and also to maintain domestic employment
the mercantile system served the interests of merchants and producers such as the British East India Company, whose activities were protected or encouraged by the state.
The most important economic rationale for mercantilism in the sixteenth century was the consolidation of the regional power centres of the feudal era by large, competitive nation-states.
Enclosure Acts (1604 – 1914)– land publicly used for grazing , crops became the property of landlords – who then increased rent – pushing people toward the cities to earn a living
Other contributing factors were the establishment of colonies outside Europe;
the growth of European commerce and industry relative to agriculture;
the increase in the volume and breadth of trade; and the increase in the use of metallic monetary systems, particularly gold and silver, relative to barter transactions.
Growth of empire building (and military)
During the mercantilist period, military conflict between nation-states was both more frequent and more extensive than at any other time in history. The armies and navies of the main protagonists were no longer temporary forces raised to address a specific threat or objective, but were full-time professional forces.
Each government’s primary economic objective was to command a sufficient quantity of hard currency to support a military that would deter attacks by other countries and aid its own territorial expansion.
In exchange for paying levies and taxes to support the armies of the nation-states, the mercantile classes induced governments to enact policies that would protect their business interests against foreign competition.
For example; In France, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the minister of finance under Louis XIV from 1661 to 1683, increased port duties on foreign vessels entering French ports and provided bounties to French shipbuilders.
In Britain - the Navigation Act of 1651 prohibited foreign vessels from engaging in coastal trade in England and required that all goods imported from the continent of Europe be carried on either an English vessel or a vessel registered in the country of origin of the goods. Finally, all trade between England and its colonies had to be carried in either English or colonial vessels
But then
The innovation and invention thoprugh science and reasoning led to the
Eric Hobsbawm did not exaggerate when he opined that “the Industrial Revolution marks the most fundamental transformation of human lif ...
THE CREATION OF FIAT MONEY (created by debt out of thin air, without backing)Jesus Gonzalez Losada
The creation of fiat money (created by debt out of thin air, without backing) is an instrument of control that gradually generates a system of slavery.
how slavery build the united states economySolutionChattel sla.pdffashionscollect
how slavery build the united states economy
Solution
Chattel slavery is such a difficult piece of American history that we presently can\'t seem to give
the subject appropriate broadcast appointment in our national discussions and classrooms. A few
of us would rather do without real exchanges and smother grant about the transgressions of our
progenitors to abstain from affecting sentiments of blame and commitment. There are different
people who guarantee there is a limited break between that woeful 250-year field in our
country\'s adolescence and a period that manufactured a worldwide good example for majority
rules system and monetary development. Quiet and misleading statements work to secure a
national mystery and a false picture. What\'s more, similar to every single frightful mystery, the
ability to propagate disgrace and blame is lessened with arrival of reality.
The genuine story?—?the one we Americans don\'t advertise?—?is that we didn\'t rise up out of
the fiery remains of the mid twentieth century clashes as a superpower. Nor did we construct our
strength exclusively from the muscles of Ellis Island. By the start of the nineteenth century,
subjugated work had deliberately both straightforwardly and in a roundabout way transformed
the United States into one of the best two monetary powers on the planet. Afterward, in spite of
the assaults of the Civil War, the capital and framework separated from the spirits, sweat, and
blood of oppressed African Americans situated a previous backwater province to explore the
Industrial Revolution. In 1880?—?not 1917 or 1945?—?the U.S. started to supersede its
significantly more seasoned and more settled opponent, Great Britain. The shores of the U.S., in
the next decades, turned into a worldwide reference point for economic opportunity and
flexibility to more than 12 million fresh introductions.
U.S. servitude was not a Southern men of honor\'s liven. As Ta-Nehisi Coates wrote in his article
\"The Case for Reparations\" in The Atlantic, \"by 1840, cotton created by slave work constituted
59 percent of the nation\'s fares.\" The monetary commitment of subjugated Americans,
regardless, did not start and end with King Cotton in the South. Northern states profited from the
slave exchange, as well, start with the Puritans. Servitude and the business movement brought by
the slave dispatches going through New England ports in early America developed the locale\'s
beginning economy and, at last, propelled the spread of North American colonization past the
soonest settlements.
There is another once in a while talked about part of servitude that helped shape our country\'s
worldwide economic impression. The evaluated advertise estimation of the subjugated populace
by 1860 had achieved seven times the estimation of money available for use. At the point when a
slaveholder required money, he had three choices: 1) lease the work of a man he held in
servitude; 2) offer that oppressed individual to another person; .
Main objective is to prevent Mischief & to bring people together showing striking similarities in Religion. As there are many recently created Hate Sites and Mischief Situations a part of the site is to bring some aspect of history so that Reason & Tolerance prevail throughout Society. It is possible that some information may not be ideally stated as we are amertures and expressly state no hurt is intended. We deeply regret such situation and we are profusely sorry to those who are hurt. In the same good faith, we will also accept any suggestions to make it a Honorable, Truthful & Informative site to those who intend to Embrace each other in Peace.
History of money used for talks at Bhaubali College of Engg., ShravanabealgolaNatekar's World
A talk was presented about "History of Money" at Bahubali College of Engg., Shravanabelagola. The presentation is development of money and its politics.
This is a talk I give at New York Culture Salon(纽约文化沙龙) , I introduce Bitcoin to Chinese Community in New York.
In this talk, we will talk about the origin of money, how our current financial system create money, how the Bitcoin protocol works, and what value it can bring us. We are also going to discuss stories behind the creator of Bitcoin Satoshi Nakamoto, and how investors, financial experts and mass media view Bitcoin.
Power of Personal Appearance
Image management is the ongoing process of evaluating and controlling the impact of your appearance and the resulting response on you and others.
The concept of image management applies to anyone who has ever needed to improve self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, capability and credibility. It applies to anyone who has ever wanted to get an idea across to someone else, to influence opinion or action is it in the home, school, church, community or business setting. It is creating an authentic, appropriate, attractive, and affordable image. Intelligence, knowledge, ability, initiative, and effort are vital to success of any kind, but regardless of whom you are, how old, and what your role or goal, ongoing image management can give you the personal/professional presence you need.
As an individual living and working in a highly complex and competitive society, you must recognize and understand the impact of your appearance as it communicates first to you and then to others. What you wear and the way you look affects:
1. The Way You Think
You can’t afford to think negatively about yourself due to some aspect of your appearance. When you appear authentic, attractive, and appropriate, you think more positively about yourself, your situation, and others.
2. The Way You Feel
You can’t afford to feel depressed, unproductive, uncomfortable, antagonistic, argumentative, self-conscious, inferior, or full of self-doubt. A positive personal appearance is a fast, effective way to boost self-confidence and overcome anxiety regarding ability or acceptance. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you feel more comfortable, confident, capable, cooperative and productive.
3. The Way You Act or Behave
You can’t afford to act awkward, insecure, submissive, out-of-place, or out-of-order. Nor can you afford to act defensive, arrogant, aggressive, affected, superior, or conceited. A positive personal appearance is one of the most effective ways to improve behavior and enhance performance level or productivity. When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and appropriate for the occasion, you act more secure, at ease, mannerly, competent, and naturally able to do your best.
4. The Way Others React and Respond to You
Your appearance is the one personal characteristic that is immediately obvious and accessible to others. You can’t hide it. Your appearance makes a strong statement about your personality, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, abilities, roles, and goals. You can’t afford to be seen as disrespectful, antagonistic, affected, scatterbrained, irresponsible, ineffective, or unproductive. You can’t afford to create a negative impression or to build barriers between you and others because of unattractive, inappropriate, distracting, or offensive appearance.
When you appear attractively dressed and groomed, personally authentic, and ap
Well it is not as money and never has been except as the subject of plunder economics. Gold has done more to destablize economies and capital accumulation the aim of the real economy run by its trading connections.
Capitalism
Pre capitalist
Mercantilism is economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state. Adam Smith coined the term “mercantile system” to describe the system of political economy that sought to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports. (Library of economics and liberty)
The goal of these policies was, supposedly, to achieve a “favourable” balance of trade that would bring gold and silver into the country and also to maintain domestic employment
the mercantile system served the interests of merchants and producers such as the British East India Company, whose activities were protected or encouraged by the state.
The most important economic rationale for mercantilism in the sixteenth century was the consolidation of the regional power centres of the feudal era by large, competitive nation-states.
Enclosure Acts (1604 – 1914)– land publicly used for grazing , crops became the property of landlords – who then increased rent – pushing people toward the cities to earn a living
Other contributing factors were the establishment of colonies outside Europe;
the growth of European commerce and industry relative to agriculture;
the increase in the volume and breadth of trade; and the increase in the use of metallic monetary systems, particularly gold and silver, relative to barter transactions.
Growth of empire building (and military)
During the mercantilist period, military conflict between nation-states was both more frequent and more extensive than at any other time in history. The armies and navies of the main protagonists were no longer temporary forces raised to address a specific threat or objective, but were full-time professional forces.
Each government’s primary economic objective was to command a sufficient quantity of hard currency to support a military that would deter attacks by other countries and aid its own territorial expansion.
In exchange for paying levies and taxes to support the armies of the nation-states, the mercantile classes induced governments to enact policies that would protect their business interests against foreign competition.
For example; In France, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the minister of finance under Louis XIV from 1661 to 1683, increased port duties on foreign vessels entering French ports and provided bounties to French shipbuilders.
In Britain - the Navigation Act of 1651 prohibited foreign vessels from engaging in coastal trade in England and required that all goods imported from the continent of Europe be carried on either an English vessel or a vessel registered in the country of origin of the goods. Finally, all trade between England and its colonies had to be carried in either English or colonial vessels
But then
The innovation and invention thoprugh science and reasoning led to the
Eric Hobsbawm did not exaggerate when he opined that “the Industrial Revolution marks the most fundamental transformation of human lif ...
THE CREATION OF FIAT MONEY (created by debt out of thin air, without backing)Jesus Gonzalez Losada
The creation of fiat money (created by debt out of thin air, without backing) is an instrument of control that gradually generates a system of slavery.
how slavery build the united states economySolutionChattel sla.pdffashionscollect
how slavery build the united states economy
Solution
Chattel slavery is such a difficult piece of American history that we presently can\'t seem to give
the subject appropriate broadcast appointment in our national discussions and classrooms. A few
of us would rather do without real exchanges and smother grant about the transgressions of our
progenitors to abstain from affecting sentiments of blame and commitment. There are different
people who guarantee there is a limited break between that woeful 250-year field in our
country\'s adolescence and a period that manufactured a worldwide good example for majority
rules system and monetary development. Quiet and misleading statements work to secure a
national mystery and a false picture. What\'s more, similar to every single frightful mystery, the
ability to propagate disgrace and blame is lessened with arrival of reality.
The genuine story?—?the one we Americans don\'t advertise?—?is that we didn\'t rise up out of
the fiery remains of the mid twentieth century clashes as a superpower. Nor did we construct our
strength exclusively from the muscles of Ellis Island. By the start of the nineteenth century,
subjugated work had deliberately both straightforwardly and in a roundabout way transformed
the United States into one of the best two monetary powers on the planet. Afterward, in spite of
the assaults of the Civil War, the capital and framework separated from the spirits, sweat, and
blood of oppressed African Americans situated a previous backwater province to explore the
Industrial Revolution. In 1880?—?not 1917 or 1945?—?the U.S. started to supersede its
significantly more seasoned and more settled opponent, Great Britain. The shores of the U.S., in
the next decades, turned into a worldwide reference point for economic opportunity and
flexibility to more than 12 million fresh introductions.
U.S. servitude was not a Southern men of honor\'s liven. As Ta-Nehisi Coates wrote in his article
\"The Case for Reparations\" in The Atlantic, \"by 1840, cotton created by slave work constituted
59 percent of the nation\'s fares.\" The monetary commitment of subjugated Americans,
regardless, did not start and end with King Cotton in the South. Northern states profited from the
slave exchange, as well, start with the Puritans. Servitude and the business movement brought by
the slave dispatches going through New England ports in early America developed the locale\'s
beginning economy and, at last, propelled the spread of North American colonization past the
soonest settlements.
There is another once in a while talked about part of servitude that helped shape our country\'s
worldwide economic impression. The evaluated advertise estimation of the subjugated populace
by 1860 had achieved seven times the estimation of money available for use. At the point when a
slaveholder required money, he had three choices: 1) lease the work of a man he held in
servitude; 2) offer that oppressed individual to another person; .
Main objective is to prevent Mischief & to bring people together showing striking similarities in Religion. As there are many recently created Hate Sites and Mischief Situations a part of the site is to bring some aspect of history so that Reason & Tolerance prevail throughout Society. It is possible that some information may not be ideally stated as we are amertures and expressly state no hurt is intended. We deeply regret such situation and we are profusely sorry to those who are hurt. In the same good faith, we will also accept any suggestions to make it a Honorable, Truthful & Informative site to those who intend to Embrace each other in Peace.
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when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the what'sapp contact of my personal pi vendor
+12349014282
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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1. Areweconfused about SociallyResponsible Banking?
Our everydayexperienceandthefinancialcollapseamajorbankshed some lighttoGREED.
Here a some more information from a historical and religious point of view. So as to understand why er REQUIRE
a more Socially Responsible Financial System where the basic society can access from their BASIC
REQUIREMENTS.
Let us now look at what the HISTORY has to say about INTEREST
ASHORTHISTORYOFBANKING
Surely the Government is in control of the country and its supply of money? Surely money is only a symbolic
token to facilitate the production, exchange and distribution of goods and services? Not so, say the Third
Positionists, who rejectboth Capitalismand Communism..
In the old days there was no paper money. The accepted token of exchange was precious metal minted into coins by
the Church and the Crown. Because there was only a limited amount of gold and silver available, the economic life
ofthenationhadacertainregularity.
An even greater restriction existed throughout Christendom. This was a prohibition against usury, or charging
interest.The Church held it to be a grave sin and the code was upheld by the civil powers.There were harsh penalties
forthosewho brokethelaw.
The regulation of usury was to prevent the separation of money from reality. Money is not a good, it is a measure. It
is fraud to pretend otherwise, and constitutes theft. Usury is making money from lending money; it is making
moneyfromnothing.Thisis exactlywhatishappeningtodayonacolossalscale.
Several important things arose from the prohibition of usury in medieval Christendom. Firstly Jews, who had taken
to wandering around Europe in the Middle Ages, began to specialize in money-lending and other practices which
were forbidden to Christians. Exploited Christians, both peasants and aristocracy, found themselves being bled dry
by usurers, which is why there were sporadic uprisings, imprisonments and expulsions of Jews throughout Europe.
It is one reason why King Edward I expelled these perfidious people from England in 1290. Oliver Cromwell
allowedthembackwhenthemoralauthorityof theChurchwas underminedandtheKing was beheadedin1649.
Secondly, gold coins, jewels and other valuables were deposited with people who held strongboxes. This was
usually with goldsmiths and money-lenders who, more often than not, were one and the same. These loan-sharks
and scriveners realized that, without much chance of being found out, they could charge people for looking after
their deposits and then use those deposits – which did not belong to them – to make loans to other people at interest.
They soon became rich and powerful. Gold coins are heavy and awkward to carry around so the custom arose
whereby the money-lenders would issue credit notes to depositors who began to trade these notes between
themselvesincommercialtransactions.Papermoneyhadcomeintoexistence.
A new form of usury developed as the swindling money-lenders realized the immoral benefits that could be
obtained from such a situation. It became apparent to these thieves that they could go one step further than
dishonestly using other people's money for financial advantage at no cost to themselves. They could invent money
from absolutely nothing.They could issue credit notes with nothing to back them up and put them into circulation as
interest-bearing debts. No-one would be any the wiser. They calculated that they could safely issue notes for up to
ten times more than the gold deposits they held, because the depositors would never ask for their deposits back all at
t
http://www.heretical.com/miscellx/usury.html?g_q=christianity%20prohibits%20usury
2. he same time. The principle of modern banking was thus established: invent money from nothing, put it into
circulation as "running cash notes" that have to be paid back with real wealth that is produced from our labour, sit
backandbecomeunbelievablywealthyandpowerfulmen:hiddenrulersofnations.
In England this deceitful system was officially sanctioned in 1694. The usurper of the throne, William of Orange,
had overthrown the legitimate King James II with the financial backing and plotting of powerful Jewish financiers in
Amsterdam. In return he gave the sovereignty of England to a group of financiers by means of a Charter allowing
them to call themselves the Bank of England.The Charter made no mention of issuing the nation's money, but within
minutes of signing the new Bank officials were discussing the form of their "running cash notes." The same system
was adoptedineverycountryby aprocess of Masonicrevolutionandmanipulation.
FREEMASONRYAND COMMUNISM
Socialist theorists and ideologues have never attacked the essential mechanism of capitalism. Although
the injustices of the capitalist system have been attacked in volume after volume, and rightly so, they have
never even hinted at the usury upon which the whole system is built and from which all the other injustices
stem.
Perhaps this is because so many Communist leaders are Jewish. Most of the 'Russian Revolutionists' of 1917 were
actually Jews from the lower east side of New York City. Two hundred and seventy-five of them were conveyed to
Russia aboard the S.S. Christiana, led by Trotsky and financed by Kuhns, Loebs, Schiffs and Warburgs. This cosy
circleof Jews andFreemasonsfinancedbothsides of theGreatWar.
Marx and Engels, two more Jews, wrote the Communist Manifesto on behalf of a secret society calling themselves
'The League of Just Men.' This secret society was an arm of the Illuminati, whose power and influence was the
catalyst of the French Revolution. One of the founding members of the Illuminati was the House of Rothschild, the
Jewish bankinghouse whichpracticallyinventedsupra-nationalismfor personalprofit.
THESITUATIONTODAY
Nowadays banking has become extremely sophisticated but the hidden and usurious mechanism behind it remains
the same. After a big enquiry, hushed up as much as possible, the Bank of England was nationalised in 1946. In
theory control of the Bank of England should then have passed from a group of private individuals to the British
Government,butthisis stillnotthecase.Nationalisationonlyaddedathinveneerof respectability.
Nowadays banking has become extremely sophisticated but the hidden and usurious mechanism behind it remains
the same. After a big enquiry, hushed up as much as possible, the Bank of England was nationalised in 1946. In
theory control of the Bank of England should then have passed from a group of private individuals to the British
Government,butthisis stillnotthecase.Nationalisationonlyaddedathinveneerof respectability.
The British Treasury, in conjunction with the Bank of England's advisers to the Government, determine how much
paper money and coin will be issued each year. This has to accord with the wealth of the nation for that year. But
because banknotes and coins only account for a tiny percentage of financial transactions, it makes no difference to
the bankers at all. Most financial transactions are carried out with abstract figures on a computer screen that have no
relationshiptorealwealth.Everythinghas tobepaidforatinterestthough–evenwhenitdoesn't exist!
The Government still has to pay interest on old and new loans from the Bank. Only a few years ago it was announced
that the interest debt on a loan taken during the NapoleonicWar had just been paid off!This is where much of our tax
moneygoes.
THENEXTSTAGE
The next stage of development for international finance is to get rid of cash altogether. Then the token
accountability of the bankers will disappear along with the cash. Their intention is that everyone will have to use
credit/debit cards for every type of commercial transaction.
Electronic technology, when used this way, and when it is not merely widespread but compulsory, will give
them complete control of every man, woman and child in the world. If you cannot buy or sell – food, petrol,
clothes – without a card you are completely at their mercy. If you lose the card or it doesn't work for some
reason you will suffer until issued with a replacement. If you make a protest against some particular injustice
they could invalidate your card. The next time you go to the supermarket your card may not work. You won't
officially exist!
Who benefits from such a scheme? The politicians or the bankers? To ask the question is to answer it. The Bank
of England is the real, but hidden, government of the country. The Government and the politicians are merely
puppets controlled by the Bank – or, more accurately, the international banking families. None of our cowardly
politicians dare stand up to these hidden and unelected rulers of the world, so powerful have they become. Two
3. American presidents, possibly three, were assassinated for attempting to do so. It is far easier for them to
submit to the system and enjoy a rich life than expose the real tyrants: tyrants who cause high taxes,
unemployment, war, famine and misery for the rest of us. But these despots of the New World Order forget that
Truth is more powerful than they could ever become. And Truth brings Justice!
Buddhism
Majjhima Nikaya Suttra 117 “Buddha forbids "rapacity for gain upon gain" One discerns wrong livelihood as
wrong livelihood, and right livelihood as right livelihood. And what is wrong livelihood? Scheming, persuading,
hinting, belittling,andcharginginterest.Thisis wrong livelihood."
Hinduism
Vasishtha, The Sacred Laws of the Aryas, Part II, Chptr 2, vs 40-42 A Brâhmana and a Kshatriya shall not lend
anything at interest... 'He who acquiring property cheap, gives it for a high price, is called a usurer and blamed
among those who recite the Veda.' 'God weighed in the scales the crime of killing a earned Brâhmana against the
crime of charging interest; the slayer of the Brâhmana remained at the top, the charger of interest sank
downwards.’
Christianity:
And if you lend to those from whom you hope to receive back, what credit is that to you? For even sinners lend
to sinners to receive as much back. But love your enemies, do good, and lend, hoping for nothing in return; and
your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High. (Luke 6:34-35)
Jesus said, "If you have money, do not lend it at interest. Rather, give to someone from whom you will not get it
back." (Gospel of Thomas 95) Ezekiel 18:13
Lends at interest, and takes profit; shall he then live? He shall not live. He has done all these abominations; he
shall surely die; his blood shall be upon himself.Deuteronomy 23:19
“You shall not charge interest on loans to your brother, interest on money, interest on food, interest on anything
that is lent for interest. Ezekiel 22:12-13
In you they take bribes to shed blood; you take interest and profit and make gain of your neighbors by
extortion; but me you have forgotten, declares the Lord God. “Behold, I strike my hand at the dishonest gain
that you have made, and at the blood that has been in your midst. Ezekiel 22:12
Islam
O yewho believe!devournotusury doubledandmultiplied;butfearAllah;thatyemayprosper. 3:130 .
Those who devour usury will not stand except as stands one whom the Evil One by his touch hath driven to madness.
That is because they say: "Trade is like usury but Allah hath permitted trade and forbidden usury. Those who
after receiving direction from their Lord desist shall be pardoned for the past; their case is for Allah (to judge); but
thosewho repeat(theoffence)arecompanionsof thefire:theywillabidetherein(forever). Qur'an 2:275.