2. Planning function…
• The planning function of management
deals mainly with decisions about
objectives, activities and resources.
• Because of its complexity, planning is best
shared by all team members and by
representatives of the community.
• It should follow a bottom- up approach.
3. What is planning ?
Definition;
Planning is defined as a method of
ensuring that the resources available now
and in the future are used in the most
efficient way to obtain explicit objectives.
4. Essentials of good planning:
Innovative thinking as well as a sense of creativity.
Solid & strong data-base…
Relating activities to expected results ( Result – based planning)
Setting indicators & plan for M & E
Identify roles & responsibilities at different levels.
Adaptation to changing situation (flexibility).
Vision for anticipating, identifying & quantifying all the possible
risks.
5. Types of plans…1
Strategic plan;
It is a document outlining the direction an
organization is intending to follow in a
specific context, with broad guidelines as
to implementation for service actions
(Macro-plans)
Operational plan;
Activity plan detailing precise timing,
methods and modes of implementation
(Micro-plans)
6. Types of plans…2
Macro- plan;
Plan usually developed at higher levels, that is
national & state levels and usually with a
longer term, strategic perspectives.
Micro- plan;
Plan for services and interventions at the
micro, that is district (locality) level with a
shorter term, operational perspectives.
7. Types of plans…3
Project plan;
Plan focusing on discrete time related activities
to meet specific project objectives, often
through an independent implementation unit.
Program plan;
Plan focusing on a specific health program
such as EPI, FP and Nutrition.
“ Service plan ”.
8. Types of plans…4
Human Resource Plan;
Plan focusing on human resources
requirement and development of an
organization or a country.
Capital/ Physical Plan;
Plan focusing on building construction,
equipment and transport element of an
organization.
9. 10
Work-plans…1
• Team work exercise…
• After a proper situation analysis;
• SWOT analysis
• In-depth review
• review/ annual meeting
• Prioritize interventions
• SMART objectives
• Sound strategies i.e. evidence based
• Key activities
• Identify roles & responsibilities
• Resources needed
• Measurable indicators
10. 11
Work-plans…2
You need to develop your own Frame ?
That would be your exercise for today?
• Identify groups
• problems, priorities and objectives
• develop a work plan for 2 objectives
11. Plan for Monitoring & Evaluation…
Purpose is efficiency and effectiveness
Determine whether objectives and expected results
are being approached and reached.
Verify whether plans are being implemented in the
way and the manner they were planned to be
implemented.
Ensure that all components of the health service
delivery system are in place and functional.
Identify problems early enough to allow correction.
12. Plan for Monitoring & Evaluation…
Monitoring is usually limited to the process;
Availability of functional supervision
Functional reporting system and up to date HMIS
Evaluation covers both process and
outcome.
Agreed dates, team, variables and methodology.
13. Plan for Monitoring & Evaluation…
Should be a planned activity…
Based on measurable indicators for monitoring
progress and evaluating results (outcome) of
different objectives…
Feed-back, feed-forward and re-planning…
14. Plan for implementation …
Adjust management &
organization at all levels…
Ensure Political
commitment…
Securing funds…
Preparing guidelines & field
manuals/ training …
Strengthen partnership…