The clinical teaching is a type of group conference in which a patient or patients are observed and studied, discussed, demonstrated and directed towards the improvement of nursing care.

1. CLINICAL TEACHING METHODS
Presented By:
Mr. Ganesh V. Naik
MSc (N) II Year
Dept. of Pediatrics

2. INTRODUCTION
The clinical teaching is a type of group conference
in which a patient or patients are observed and
studied, discussed, demonstrated and directed
towards the improvement of nursing care.

3. DEFINITION
The clinical teaching method is defined as
practicum experiences may be any place where
students interact with patients and their families for
purposes of acquiring clinical skills, critical thinking,
clinical decision making and psychomotor as well
as affective skills

4. TYPES
 Ward teaching
 Nursing rounds
 Case method
 Bed side clinic
 Process recording

5. WARD TEACHING
Definition
Ward teaching is one of the clinical teaching
method which are carried out in the ward.

6. PRINCIPLES
 The teacher should create an environment where
the student can work and learn
 The teacher should know psychology of learning
 Ward teaching topic should be assigned keeping
in mind the objection of clinical experience
 Group should involve in discussion
 The teacher should give constructive criticism of the
topic presented. So that students get motivated. It
includes corrective practice, appreciation whrever
and whenever required.

7. PRE-REQUISITES FOR TEACHING
 A qualified teacher: the teacher should be a
competent person, able to help the student
develop the necessary skills.
 A place to teach: the most suitable is a room
adjoining the ward which is near to the patient.
The place should be quiet and freeform
interruptions.
 A.V. Aids: learning will be more satisfactory when
we used A.V. Aids.
 Reading material: good library is essential for
ward teaching.

8. HOW TO CONDUCT WARD TEACHING
1. Every class should be well planned and prepared
2. It should not be repetitive of classroom teaching.
3. It should be patient centered, of his illness,
treatment and his responses to nursing care.
4. The group should be small
5. Make use of A.V. aids
6. The teacher gives introduction and writes down
content she wishes to cover on board.
7. Demonstrate a skill of a nursing procedure.

9. CONT…
 The clinical teaching should last about 30 minutes.
 There should be some time set for student’s
questions.
 The teacher may wish to ask questions to test the
ability of students understanding.

10. CONT..
Record of ward teaching:
 Teacher record: include date, the subject, the group
of students attended, the ward, the supervisor’s
name.
 Student’s record: include subject, name of the
teacher, the date of teaching and the details of the
class.

11. NURSING ROUNDS
Definition:
Nursing rounds are conducted by the head nurse/
nurse teacher for the members of her staff/students
for clear understanding of the disease process and
the effect of nursing care for each patient.

12. CONT..
Purpose
 To introduce the patients to the nursing personnel
 To observe the condition of patient
 To assess whether implementation of care was
done.
 To evaluate the results of treatment and nursing
care

13. TYPE OF NURSING ROUNDS
 Rounds with doctors
 Specific nursing rounds
 Rounds with dietician

14. PROCEDURE OF CONDUCTING NURSING
ROUNDS
 The students have to be given information about
ward rounds.
 Students will be following nursing rounds with the
clinical instructor or ward supervisor.
 The instructor may instruct any nurse in the group
to tell what she knows about the client and his
nursing care.
 The student who is taking care of the patient for a
week or so, has to present the case to the whole
group of the students.

15. ADVANTAGES
 Enables the instructor to test the knowledge of the
students
 Help in clearing doubts regarding diseases and the
nursing care.
 To demonstrate effects of drugs, indication, actions
and reaction of drugs.
 Make classroom discussions more vivid and real.
 Response of the patient is more natural

16. DISADVANTAGES
 Other patients may overhear the discussion
 There may be distractions in the ward.
 Requires very careful planning.
 Only small group of students can be taken at a
time.

17. CASE METHOD
Case method is method of clinical teaching in which
student /teacher present case.
Types
 Case study/ Case presentation:
• The case study describes the life history of an
individual and all the factors which lead to condition
(disease).
• This includes a detail history of patient even prior to
his visit to the hospital , the present situation and
the treatment.

18. CONT…
• The student will be given the opportunity to provide
nursing care for the client after 4 or 5 days of
careful study
• The student nurse will prepare care study by
comparing with text.
• The student nurse present the case

19. CONT…
 Case analysis:
• A concrete case for analysis and discussion and
discussion by a group of students under the
leadership of instructor
• Sufficient information is presented to the students
to make judgement of problem or situation in case.

20. CONT..
 The case incident method:
• A critical incidence technique which require
immediate decision and action is taken from the
case and presented to the students for their
analysis and decision.
• No background information is given to them
regarding the details of the time, it is presented.
• The instructors have facts about the case, can be
given as requested by the students

21. ADVANTAGES OF CASE METHOD
 Useful for testing and evaluating the students.
 It is a sequential method for bringing solution to a
problem.
 Students learn in a better way.
 Discussions helps in obtaining various views on the
same problem.

22. DISADVANTAGES
 The patient may feel uncomforatable due to lack of
privacy
 Groups need to be small
 A teacher is always required only to summarize the
discussion

23. BED SIDE CLINIC
 Bedside clinics are conducted by the head nurse or
clinical instructor in nursing clinics patient’s medical
history, medical and nursing managements are
discussed briefly.
Definition:
Bed side clinic is an organized clinical instruction in
the presence of the patient. Based on the type of
topic , it can be medical, nursing or combined
• .

24. PURPOSE
• To discuss the nursing problem associate with
particular disease
• To give clear picture of nursing care associated with
specific individual

25. STEPS
 Planning technique
• Decide on
 Whom to be conducted
 Place
 Time
 Date
 Topic –patient
 Conducting bedside clinic
 Time duration-30minutes
 Students- 10-15 numbers

26. PREPARATION FOR BEDSIDE CLINIC
 Units to be prepared
 Prior permission must be taken from the patient and
significant others.
 All reports of the patient may be kept ready.
 The group selected should be in small size.
 Time period should be around 30 minutes

27. ADVANTAGES
 Puts students in an actual situation
 Permits evaluation
 Develops observation and decision taking skill
 Develops self confidence
 Comparison between reality and theory

28. DISADVANTAGES
 Patients may feel uncomfortable and insecure
 Patients may overhear the discussion

29. PROCESS RECORDING
 It is a tool used in teaching, counselling and
psychiatry field.
 Process-recording also known as interpersonal-
relations recordings, patient –nurse interaction
interviews.
 It is way of evaluating patient’s condition and
assessing his behaviour

30. DEFINITION
An exact written report of the conversation between
the nurse and the patient during the time they were
together.

31. CONT..
Components
 Client communication: verbal and nonverbal
 Nurse communication: verbal and nonverbal
 Nurse interpretation: It states nurse perceives as
client feelings and meaning of verbal and nonverbal
actions.
 Implication of communication for nursing action:
Nurses judgment of the meaning of the client as well
as her own communication

32. PHASES OF PROCESS RECORDING
 Preparing the student for process recording
 The teacher must help the student to define
clearly the objectives to be accomplished
regarding nurse-patient interactions.
 Process record as a teaching and learning tool
should be discussed with student. She should
help the student to learn how to go about writing a
process record.

33. CONT…
 Recording nurse patient interactions
Record of
 The exact verbatim report of the patient-nurse
conversation.
 The student’s conscious feelings and her
interruptions of the patient feelings.
 Analysis for meaning and clues to patients needs
 The instructors and the student’s evaluation of the
total process recording experiences.

34. CONT…
 Evaluating the nurse-patient interactions
• After the interaction, data have been collected by
the student, the teacher and the student has to
analyze the recordings based on the objectives.
• Self-evaluation by the student to develop a deeper
understanding of her own behaviour and the effect
of her behaviour on others

35. ADVANTAGES
 Development in the art of communication.
 It helps the student to take an objective look at her
communication skills.
 It provides the teacher with an accurate account of
student’s clinical learning experience.
 It help the teacher to utilize the situation interaction
and thereby helping the student to learn
communication skills

36. DISADVANTAGES
 It is time consuming
 The instructor should be skilled in knowledge of its
use.

38. THANK YOU