theories & concept of personal development

1. CHILD DEVELOPMENT
THEORIES & CONCEPTS OF PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ALIA NADIRAH DZULKIFLI
FLORINNA KENNEDY
1 PISMPTESL 1

2.  The study and practice of improving
one’s life
 common aspects of personal
development include :
 goal setting, motivation, changing
habits, improving awareness

3. WHAT IS PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT?

4. BASIC CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY
 Personality- individuality, characteristics or
role played by people.
 Translated from the English Language which
originally derived from Latin word, persona.

5.  According to Alder ( 1948)
: personality is an individual’s way of life ,
continuously striving for superiority.
 Gordon Allport (1961)
: personality is a dynamic psychological
system of organisation found in an
individual’s soul. This system will determine
his behavior characteristic and adjustment to
the environment.

6.  Wayne Weiten (1994), author of Psychology
:Themes and variations provides concise
definition for personality :
 “personality refers to an individual’s unique
constellation of consistent behavioral traits.”
 -the stability(consistency) in a person’s
behavior over time and across situation.
 -the behavioral differences among people
reacting to do the same situation.

7. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
 can divided to four main perspectives.
I. psychodynamic
II. behavioral
III. humanistic
IV. biological

8. PSYCHODYNAMIC
 Focus on unconscious mental forces. This is
the result conducted by Sigmund Freud.
 Freud use the concept Id, ego and
superego.
 the three elements of personality work
together to create complex human
behaviours.

9. BEHAVIOURAL
 B.F. Skinner, American Psychologist
: people show certain consistent pattern
behaviour because they possessed some
stable response tendencies, which they
acquired from experiences.
 -the person would continue to repeat the
same response when similar situation occurs
in future.

10. HUMANISTIC
 Emphasizes the unique quality of humans,
especially their freedom and potential for
personal development.
 Carl Rogers ( 1980)
: viewed personality structure in terms of self-
concept, which is a collection of beliefs about
one’s own nature, unique qualities and
typical behaviour.
 To an individual, self-concept is his or her
own mental picture, a collection of self
perceptions.

12. BIOLOGICAL
 Hans Eyneck
: considers that personality is inherited and
generally determined by a person’s genes.
 three higher-order traits:
 -extroversion (sociable, lively, active,
assertive, sensation-seeking)
 -neuroticism (anxious, tense, moody, low in
self-esteem)
 -psychoticism (egocentric, impulsive, cold,
antisocial.)

13. THANK YOU