The document discusses quality assurance in Malaysian education. It defines quality and outlines ways the Malaysian government works to enhance the education system, including through long-term plans like PIPP and SKPM that establish standards and frameworks for continuous improvement. It also describes the roles of organizations like the Ministry of Higher Education, National Accreditation Board, and Malaysian Qualifications Agency in regulating higher education quality and ensuring programs meet international standards.

1. QUALITY SYSTEM IN
MALAYSIAN EDUCATION
• Definition/meaning
• Ways/efforts of government to
enhance/improve education
system

2. Definition of Quality
• “Quality is meeting the (stated)
requirements of the customer – now and in
the future” (Mike Robinson)
• “Quality is the total composite product and
service characteristics of marketing,
engineering, manufacture and maintenance
through which the product and service in use
will meet expectations by the customer”
(Armand Figenbaum)

3. Definition of Quality
• “Quality is the totality of features and
characteristics of a product or service
that bear on its ability to satisfy stated
or implied needs” (British Standard
4778, 1987)

4. Ways/Efforts of Government
To Enhance/Improve
Education System

5. YWI
1. PIPP (PELAN INDUK
PEMBANGUNAN PENDIDIKAN)
• Assessing PIPP Attainment of Education Goal of `Quality Education
For All’ in terms of
– 4 Education Development Policy Thrusts:
• Education Access
• Education Equity
• Education Quality
• Efficiency and Effectiveness in Education Management
– Six Strategic Thrusts
• Developing All School Potentials to Standards of Excellence
• Systematic Policy and Program Monitoring and Evaluation
– Performance Indicators (KPIs)
– To Develop education Key Quality Indicators (KQIs)
• PIPP as New Impetus for `Sea Change’ Education Reform

6. YWI
The Policy Performance Indicators of the Six Strategic
Thrusts
• PROCESS INDICATORS
(Doing)
– Building Malaysian Nation
– Developing Human Capital
– Strengthening National Schools
– Narrowing the Education Gap
– Improving/Elevating Teaching
Profession
– Leaping up School Excellence
• OUTPUTS/OUTCOMES
INDICATORS
(Result of Doing)
– The Degree of Quality of Malaysian
Citizen Achieved
– The Quality of Human Capital Being
Developed/Achieved
– New Quality of Standards of National
Schools Achieved
– The Degree of Education Gap Being
Narrowed Down
– The Degree of Change of Teaching
Profession Improved
– New Standards/Benchmarks of Quality
of Excellence Being Attained by the
Schools

7. YWI
Enhancing Our Educational Leadership:
School Management Team
• Enhancing Existing Leadership Development Institutions, and
To Establish Few More To Address New Demand
• Continuous Strategic Leadership Training Program
• Share Leadership Experiences Through International
Networking or other Platforms
• Develop School Leadership Quality Profile (LQPs)
• Practice Task/Assignment-based Leadership Role
• Enrich Knowledge & Skills in Human Relations and Personality
Building
• Knowledge on Basic Computer and Data Analysis Skills for
Decision Making Process
• Promote `Corporate Culture’ Practice at School Level

8. YWI
Typical Primary School Organization
(The Management Team)
GB
GPK
HEM
GPK
P&KUR
GPK
KOKUR
PANITIA
B.MEL
PANITIA
BAHASA
INGGERIS
PANITIA
MATEM
ATIK
PANITIA
SAINS
PANITIA
KEMHRN
HIDUP
PANITIA
SENI
PANITIA
PEND
MUZIK
PANITIA
PEND
ISLAM
PANITIA
PEND
MORAL
PANITIA
PEND
JASMANI
PANITIA
KAJIAN
TEMPATN
JK
TRANSISI
THN 1

9. YWI
Enhancing Our Educational Leadership:
Classroom/Instructional Leadership Development
• School Curriculum Planning, Organization & Delivery Skills
• To Strengthen Human Relationship Skills
• To Re-engineer Teacher Preparation: Enrich Pedagogical Skills
for Multi-Class/Multi-Grade and Oversize Class Teaching, and
Effective Remedial Teaching
• Classroom Management Skill (e. g, `Class Without Teacher
Situation’)
• Strengthening Evaluation and Assessment Skill
• Having Computer Access & Continuous Computer Skill
Upgrading
• Create and Facilitate Platforms for Knowledge and Experience
Sharing with `other schools,’ or International Education
Institutions and Communities.

10. • Inspectorate and Quality Assurance (JNJK)
provide these documents.
– SKPM 1
– SKPM 2
– SKPM 3
2. SKPM (SISTEM KUALITI
PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA

11. SKPM 1
• Standard statement which describes the
standard.

12. SKPM 2
• Standards Ensuring Instruments (IPS) as a guide for
schools to gauge the quality standards of the school,
particularly through self-rating.
• IPS is intended as master instruments supported by side
instruments (annex), eg, subjects, school climate, school
leadership.
• This instrument can be used as a guide to the school to
measure the status, process and output

13. SKPM 3
• School developers plan (RPS) for school
improvements after a measurement is made.
• RPS is an integrated process (collaborative) to
ensure:
- holistic and quality education
- continuous process of implementing
government policies

14. • RPS – Objectives :
– Monitor, evaluate and review all policies and
programs
– Ensure the extent to which the program held
reaches its goals
– RPS provides an opportunity for the school
administration to determine its own plan (for each
school is unique)

15. 15
3. QUALITY ASSURANCE, ACCREDITATION
AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
• The Quality Assurance Department (QAD) was established under the Ministry
of Higher Education to ensure quality and standards of public higher education
are safeguarded and enhanced.
• To assure that the quality of higher education in Malaysia is recognized and of
international standard, the Malaysian Government in 1997, established the
National Accreditation Board (LAN), to approve and regulate all programmes
before they are offered to the public.
• LAN is also given the task to accredit programmes either local or foreign.
• Though in the initial years, there were several complaints raised by PHEIs
about the long time taken by LAN in processing for approval, however, LAN
since has significantly improved the approval process and procedures.

16. 16
• The Government also established the National Council for Higher
Education.
• This Council is a consultative body, whose aims among others
are to discuss and approve policies and regulations relating to
higher education.
• The Minister of Higher Education chairs the Council whose
members include both public and private sector representatives.

17. 17
• The Government has formulated the National Quality Framework
(NQF), to further streamline and standardize the programmes
being offered.
• The NQF determines the various levels of programmes;
• Agrees on credit transfer arrangement;
• Provides the link between vocational and academic
programmes;
• Determines the point of entry and allows the approved prior
learning, which facilitates lifelong learning.

18. 18
• The NQF is based on learning outcomes and this will
make comparability with international programmes
much easier.
• NQF also provides simplicity of understanding of the
structure of higher education in Malaysia to students
and parents.
• The body responsible to administer and monitor the
NQF is the Quality Assurance Department under the
Ministry of Higher Education

19. 19
• This Agency is expected to merge with the National Accreditation
Board to form a unified agency known as Malaysian Quality
Agency (MQA) to oversee all issues with respect to quality
assurance and certification of programmes for higher education
in both the public and private universities and colleges.
• The MQA will also be responsible for undertaking the rating of
academic programmes of private and public universities.
• The Ministry of Higher Education will soon conduct
Establishment Audit to evaluate the governance, academic
quality and physical infrastructure of private college and
universities before embarking on the rating process.

20. 20
The Ministry of Higher Education formulated a Strategic Plan for
Private Higher Education Institutions (2001-2010).
This plan provides the direction and guidance for the development
of private higher education focusing on four areas, namely,
• Accessibility,
• Equitable provision of services and facilities,
• Quality assurance and
• Iinternationalization of private higher education.
With the implementation of the Strategic Plan, the enrolment, the
academic programmes and the capacity of private higher
education institutions have greatly been enhanced.

21. 4. National Higher Education
Strategic Plans 2007-2020
The Seven Strategic Thrusts-The Seven Strategic Thrusts-
• Widening Access and Increasing Equity
• Improving the Quality of Teaching and
Learning
• Intensifying Research and Innovation
• Strengthening of Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs)
• Intensifying Internationalisation
• Enculturation of Lifelong Learning
• Reinforcing MoHE Delivery System

22. Higher Education and Human Resource
Development in Malaysia
• Ministry of Higher
Education (MOHE)
• Post SPM or O levels
• Public universities (20)
• Private universities (44)
• Polytechnics (25)
• Private Colleges (500+)
• Community Colleges (40)
• 900,000 students (includes
69,164 international students)
Others :
• Ministry of Education–
Pre-school, Primary
secondary education
Teachers Colleges
• Ministry of Human
Resource Development
-Skills Training
• Others includes Defence,
Health, Youth & Culture,

23. 23
• 1997 National Accreditation Board (Lembaga Akreditasi Negara, LAN) was
est. for QA of programmes in the private higher education sector
• 2002-Quality assurance (audit) division in the Ministry was setup for public
universities
• MQA was established under the Malaysian Qualifications Agency Act 2007
(1//11/07)
• The merger of LAN and the QAD provides for a common quality assurance
platform.
• It symbolizes the maturing Malaysian higher education, changing
government’s policies, trends and societal needs and the need to strengthen
and consolidate.
• Other bodies playing a very important role higher education is the
Depeartment of public service and the statutory profesional bodies
REPOSITIONING QUALITY ASSURANCE IN
MALAYSIA

24. 24
THE MQA IN OPERATION
• The Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) aspires to
become a credible and internationally recognized
higher education quality assurance body that inspires
the confidence of its stakeholders through competent,
responsible, accountable and transparent good
practices.
• The main role of the MQA is to be the guardian of the
Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) as a
reference point for national qualifications, and to
oversee quality assurance practices and accreditation of
national higher education.
• A Council, accreditation committees and executive arm
• Accountable to Minister for Higher Education