Brinkley Unfinished Nation 8e Ch 27

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27: The Cold War
Alan Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, 8th Edition

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Origins of the Cold War
• Sources of Soviet–American Tension
– America’s postwar vision
• Wartime Diplomacy
– Tehran Conference

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Origins of the Cold War (Continued)
• Yalta
– United Nations established
– Dispute over Poland
– Problems of the Yalta Accords
– Soviets in Central and Eastern Europe

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The Collapse of the Peace
• The Failure of Potsdam
– Limited American leverage
• The China Problem and Japan
– Chiang versus Mao in China
– Support for Japan

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The Collapse of the Peace (Continued)
• The Containment Doctrine
– Containment
– Truman Doctrine
• The Conservative Opposition to Containment
– John Birch Society
– John Foster Dulles

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The Collapse of the Peace (Continued, 2)
• The Marshall Plan
– Rebuilding Europe
• Mobilization at Home
– Creation of NSC, CIA, and Defense Department

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Divided Europe after World War II
This map shows the sharp division that emerged in Europe after World
War II between the area under the control of the Soviet Union and the
area allied with the United States.

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The Collapse of the Peace (Continued, 3)
• The Road to NATO
– Berlin airlift
– Warsaw Pact
• Reevaluating Cold War Policy
– Communist victory in China
– Containment expanded
• NSC-68

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America after the War
• The Problems of Reconversion
– GI Bill
– “Opening” jobs for returning vets
– Inflation and strikes
• The Fair Deal Rejected
– Taft-Hartley Act

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America after the War (Continued)
• The Election of 1948
– Divided Democratic Party
– Americans for Democratic Action
– Truman defeats Dewey

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The Election of 1948
Despite the widespread expectation that the Republican candidate, Thomas Dewey, would easily
defeat Truman in 1948, the president in fact won a substantial reelection victory that year. This map
shows the broad geographic reach of Truman's victory. Dewey swept most of the Northeast, but
Truman dominated almost everywhere else. Strom Thurmond, the States' Rights candidate, carried
four states in the South.

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America after the War (Continued, 2)
• The Fair Deal Revived
– Minimum wage raised
– National Housing Act
– Renewed federal commitment to civil rights
– Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)

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America after the War (Continued, 3)
• The Nuclear Age
– Menace in films
– Film noir
– Nuclear power

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The Red Menace
This 1949 movie poster suggests how much attention was directed to the threat of
communism. The film told the story of a man and a woman who joined the Communist Party,
only to become disillusioned when they watched the murder of a party member who had
begun to doubt the party's principles.
© Republic Pictures/Photofest

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The Korean War
• The Divided Peninsula
– Syngman Rhee
– Inchon

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The Korean War (Continued)
• From Invasion to Stalemate
– China intervenes
– Truman–MacArthur controversy
• Limited Mobilization
– Rising insecurity and frustration

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The Korean War, 1950–1953
These two maps illustrate the changing fortunes of UN forces (which
were mostly American) during the 1950–1953 Korean War.

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The Crusade against Subversion
• HUAC and Alger Hiss
– House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
– The “Hollywood Ten”
– Alger Hiss

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The Crusade against Subversion
(Continued)
• The Federal Loyalty Program and the Rosenberg Case
– McCarran Internal Security Act
– Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
– Growing fear of subversion

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The Crusade against Subversion
(Continued, 2)
• McCarthyism
– Joseph McCarthy’s soaring popularity
• The Republican Revival
– Eisenhower elected

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Debating the Past
• The Cold War
• McCarthyism

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Consider the Source
• National Security Council Paper No. 68 (NSC-68)

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The Unfinished Nation, 8th Edition
Next: Chapter 28
The Affluent Society