Brinkley Unfinished Nation 8 ed Chapter 25

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25: The Global Crisis, 1921–1941
Alan Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, 8th Edition

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The Diplomacy of the New Era
• Replacing the League
– Isolationism
– Charles Evans Hughes
– Kellogg-Briand Pact

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The Diplomacy of the New Era
(Continued)
• Debts and Diplomacy
– The Dawes Plan
– Economic expansion in Latin America

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The Diplomacy of the New Era
(Continued, 2)
• Hoover and the World Crisis
– Roosevelt Corollary repudiated
– Hitler and Mussolini in Europe
– Manchuria invaded

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Isolationism and Internationalism
• Depression Diplomacy
– FDR’s “bombshell message”
– U.S.–Soviet relations
– “Good Neighbor Policy”

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Isolationism and Internationalism
(Continued)
• The Rise of Isolationism
– Neutrality Acts
– Spanish Civil War

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The Spanish Civil War
Many Americans took up arms to help the republican forces fight against Franco and his army.
The novelist Ernest Hemingway joined them in Spain as a reporter (and supporter of the
republicans), and he spent much of his time talking with both American and Spanish troops. His
novel For Whom the Bell Tolls was inspired by his experience in the civil war.
Robert Capa/© International Center of Photography/Magnum Photos

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Isolationism and Internationalism
(Continued, 2)
• The Failure of Munich
– The Sudetenland
– Appeasement
– Invasion of Poland

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From Neutrality to Intervention
• Neutrality Tested
– The Blitzkrieg
– Vichy regime in France
– Aid to Churchill
– Peacetime draft

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The Blitz, London
The German Luftwaffe terrorized London and other British cities in 1940–1941 and again late in
the war by bombing civilian areas indiscriminately in an effort to break the spirit of the English
people. The effort failed, and the fortitude of the British did much to arouse American support
for their cause. St. Paul's Cathedral, largely undamaged throughout the raids, looms in the
background of this photograph, as other buildings crumble under the force of German bombs.
© Daily Mail/Rex/Alamy

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From Neutrality to Intervention
(Continued)
• The Campaign of 1940
– FDR reelected

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From Neutrality to Intervention
(Continued, 2)
• Neutrality Abandoned
– “Lend-lease”
– The Atlantic Charter

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From Neutrality to Intervention
(Continued, 3)
• The Road to Pearl Harbor
– Japanese assets frozen
– Hideki Tojo in power
– Pearl Harbor attacked

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America in the World
• The Sino-Japanese War, 1931–1941

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Patterns of Popular Culture
• Orson Welles and the “War of the Worlds”

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Consider the Source
• Joint Statement by President Roosevelt
and Prime Minister Churchill

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The Unfinished Nation, 8th Edition
Next: Chapter 26
America in a World at War