1. Chapter 19
A World In Flames
After WWI ended President Wilson said,
“Everything for which America fought
has been accomplished.”
Instead, the treaty that ended the war,
along with economic depression that
followed, contributed to the rise of anti-
democratic governments in both
Europe and Asia
2. Italy
• Leader: Benito Mussolini
• Founded the Italian Fascist Party
• Fascism: aggressive nationalism
• Fascist believe that the nation was more
important than the individual. Individualism
made countries weak and they believed a nation
became great by expanding its territory and
building up its military. They were strongly anti-
communist
3. Russia
• Leader: Joseph Stalin
• Government: Communism-In 1926 Stalin became the
new Soviet dictator. He soon began a massive effort to
industrialize his country. He tolerated no opposition—
killed over 10 million peasants who resisted the
Communist policies.
• Communism-a form a government that is both
economic and political. The government takes over all
property and distributes it to all the people and
everyone works for the common good.
4. Germany
Leader: Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party
• The harsh demands put on Germany in the
Treaty of Versailles led to resentment,
economic difficulties, and WWII.
• The Treaty also left him with a moldering
hatred for the victorious Allies and for the
German government that had accepted the
peace terms.
5. Nazi Party: The
National Socialist
German Workers
Party—the party did
not represent the
working class, as its
name suggested,
but was nationalistic
and anti communist.
6. Hitler raises to power. He writes a
autobiography, titled Mein Kampf (My Struggles).
In it he calls for the unification of all Germans under
one government. He claimed that Germans, particularly
blond, blue eyed Germans, belonged to a master race
called Aryans. He also believed in something called
lebensraum, or living space, and called for Germany to
expand east into Poland and Russia. He also believed
that Slavic people were inferior and that German
should enslave them. His prejudice was strongest
however toward Jews.
8. • During the early 1930’s Japan also suffered
from an economic depression. Japanese
military leaders and the civilians who
supported them argued that the only way for
Japan to get needed resources was to seize
territory. They targeted the resource rich
province of Manchuria in the northern China
as the perfect place to conquer. Their reign of
conquering did not stop there.
11. World War II Begins
• By the late 1930’s Germany had rebuilt—
against the Versailles Treaty of WWI.
• European leaders did not try and stop Hitler at
first—WHY?
12. Reasons for not stopping Hitler
• Shadow of WWI
• Bringing all Germany speaking regions of
Europe was reasonable.
• Hitler would be satisfied.
• BUT…
13.
14. So Hitler starts his march
•
1St Austria-with little
opposition-same
language and culture-
no Allies
• 2nd Czechoslovakia—
but this country was
different-why?
--a democracy
-- many languages
--allies
--they resisted
15. Munich Conference
• Britain, France, Italy and Germany met in
Munich to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia.
• To prevent another war, they agreed to
Hilter’s demands-- a policy that came to be
known as appeasement. Appeasement is the
policy of giving concessions in exchange for
peace.
• http://youtu.be/eQ9AC7GH9Sc
16. Hitler wanted the Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia but took over the
entire country in brazen violation of
the Munich agreement.
17. Poland
After that he
set his sights on
Poland.
Appeasement
had failed.
18. • The British announced that if Poland went to
war to defend its territory, Britain and France
would come to its aid. In 1939 Hitler ordered
the German army to invade Poland.
19. The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
If Germany was going to fight Britain and France, Hitler
did not want to have to fight the Soviets too. So they
made a treaty with each other. A deal was made that
Poland would be divided between the 2 countries if the
Soviets helped Hitler
20. The Polish held up bravely but they
were no match for the Germans.
21. The Germans used a new type of
warfare called blitzkrieg—or
lightning war.
22.
23. Next France
• But before Hitler invaded France he attacked
Norway, Denmark, Netherlands Belgium and
Luxembourg first
24.
25. The Miracle at Dunkirk
• German forces trapped
French and British forces
at Dunkirk. The Germans
kept pressing them and
then Hitler decided to
withdraw. An all call
bulletin was called in
England to help evacuate
all stranded ships. In all
the evacuation saved an
estimated 338,000
British and French
troops.
28. Hitler fully expected the British to negotiate
peace after France surrendered. But for
Churchill, peace was not an option.
Churchill delivered a defiant speech in
Parliament, intended not only to rally the
British people but to alert the isolationist
United States to Britain's plight.
http://youtu.be/qdOFNTYDEWA
Churchill’s Famous Speech
29. Battle of Britain
• When Hitler realized that Britain would not
surrender, he ordered his commanders to
prepare to invade.
• In June 1940, the German air force, Luftwaffe,
began to attack British shipping, then an all
out air battle to destroy the British RAF and
then finally Hitler began to bomb London and
other major cities. This air battle became
known as the Battle of Britain.
30. • Hitler’s goal was to terrorize the British people
into surrendering. The British people endured.
31. Radar
• Although the British RAF was greatly
outnumbered, the British had one major
advantage—Radar-a new technology. By
pacing radar stations along their coast, the
British were able to detect incoming German
aircraft and directly intercept them.
• After the loss of many German planes, Hitler
called off the invasion of Britain.
• The skill of a few hundred pilots saved Britain
from invasion.
32. Praising the pilots, Churchill told
Parliament, “Never in the field of
human conflict was so much owed,
by so many, to so few”
http://youtu.be/BbcvmI2b9AM
