Batak And Chokwe

Batak and Chokwe
The Batak and the Chokwe Cultures
Student's Name
University Affiliation
The Batak and the Chokwe Cultures
The Batak are among the nearly seventy indigenous peoples in the Philippines. Their location is the
northeastern part of the Palawan, a fairly large island of the archipelago southwest. Their name
"Batak" is derived from a Cuyunon word which means "The mountain people". This is because their
traditional habitat was around the mountains. There are only approximately 500 Batak remnants.
The anthropologists consider the Batak to have a close relationship with another Negrito tribe, the
Ayta. They appear to be small, dark skinned and have short "kinky" or curly hair. Sometimes, the
Batak go for hunting trips in the forest, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people also believed in a supernatural being that they referred to as Kalunga, Nzambi. This
supernatural being was believed to be the creator of the world and all mankind. The Chokwe people
had certain figures and objects that represented their ancestors, for example, a mask, which was
used when inaugurating the king. The figures and objects such as masks and certain carvings
represented the beauty of the Chokwe people and some also served as role models. The figures were
believed to have a connection with the ancestors and therefore they protected the people from evil
and other supernatural enemies. Chokwe's spiritual religion was based on their connection with
nature in some manner. For example, the sand, which they used in drawing, was seen as an
intermediary between the people and the divine powers. The masks and other objects represented
the inner feeling of the people and their relationship with their God.
The people also believed that the diviners (tahi) had a responsibility of unveiling the causes of
misfortunes or outbreaks in the community. The diviners were also believed to have powers that
channeled the ancestral spirits and supernatural forces, which affected the lives of the people in the
community. There was also a belief that offending the ancestors would lead to misfortunes such as:
bad luck, diseases or even death. In
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Meta Description
Description 1: Sweet Spirit in Hallowell, ME specializes in individual counseling, healing and
balancing energy service. Description 2: Sweet Spirit offers professional reiki treatment and other
energy balancing rituals in Hallowell, ME. Description 3: Sweet Spirit brings you the guidance and
clarity you need from experienced experts in Hallowell, ME. HOMEPAGE "Home" Meta
Description: Call Sweet Spirit to experience a fantastic healing center that you can enjoy. At Sweet
Spirit in Hallowell, ME, I offer you healing and energy balancing sessions through a wide range of
options, including reiki, meditation, and counseling. We can all feel disconnected and unbalaned at
one time or another, which is why I offer the services that I do on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sweet Spirit is happy to be considered one of the best businesses for guidance in the city. As a
professional life coach and intuitive counselor, I can help you get unstuck without coming unglued
through a private session that aims at keeping you comfortable while making a difference. After
working with me, you can feel like the whole person that you are. Being a counselor and helping
people is what I enjoy most about my job. My issues resolution approach can help both non–serious
and serious issues and my strategies development plans have proved to be successful over and over
again in the past. In one–on–one work, I will spend time with you and get to the root of your issue
and determine what needs attention and healing. My large toolbox of approaches and skills help me
to address and heal anything that is bothering you. I combine traditional counseling with intuition to
identify the core issues in your current situation and will come up with short term and long term
solutions. I can also help you identify personality traits that you learned that are no longer serving
you. My sessions will help you transform the way you think and act so you can live a healthier and
happier life. Healing original hurts and retraining your brain to think of them in a less self harming
way is key to a productive way of

Egocentrism: The Role Of Animism In Young Children
As children grow and develop, the way the experience the world around them also develops.
Animism is giving life like qualities to inanimate objects. We see animism everyday, but we often
do not realize that is what we are seeing. An example of animism is a child thinking that his or her
toys has to go to sleep when he or she does. Egocentrism is another trait or behavior that is often
seen in young children. This concept refers to a child's inability to think or reason like another
individual; simply put, they are only about to think like themselves. Egocentric children may seem
to be self–centered, but the fact is they have not developed to ability to think outside of their own
box. An example of egocentrism can be seen in the way a child

Paleolithic Religions
Paleolithic Religions The religious practices of the Paleolithic period may seem incredibly strange
to us now in the modern context. During this period, strange spiritual practices were dominated by
the concept of animism and a clear blurring between the secular and sacred. These forces then
helped to shape the artifacts and mythology of the period, helping modern researchers better
understand the spiritual nature of these ancient peoples. One of the major elements of Paleolithic
religion is animism. According to research, animism "is defined as a belief that a soul or spirit exists
in living things (humans, animals, plants) and inanimate objects (rocks, mountains, sticks, bodies of
water). These things may have a spirit that has a human–like personality or motivation, or they may
possess an impersonal force that emanates or transfers good (mana) or ill (taboo)" (Cramer, 2012).
Essentially, it is the belief that human and nonhuman objects carry some sort of spiritual power.
Thus, they become an important part of the many religious doctrines of this ancient time period.
Animism can be seen as a way to interpret many of the artifacts and myths within Paleolithic
religions. For one, the myths of creation of many different groups around the globe are often
centered on animal spirits or other nature spirits that are nonhuman, yet that played a large role in
the creation of the human world (Hefner & Virgilio, 2010). Moreover, artifacts of animals and
human/ animal hybrids

Karl Marx And Fazer Analysis
Summer Ferguson
Pledged
231389
Compare how Tylor, Frazer, and Marx understand the origin and function of religion. In light of
their views, what is your theory of the origin and function of religion?
There are many theories on the origin and function of religion; each one shaped by culture,
education, and experience. Three prominent figures, E. B. Tylor, James Frazer and Karl Marx, each
have developed their own theories pertaining to religion. While Tylor, James Frazer, and Karl Marx
studied in different fields, each one has developed a point of view surrounding religion from
different angles.
E.B. Tylor, an anthropologist, studied many different cultures in his line of work causing him to
come in contact with different religions as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What does the ceremony say about who the Lakota are, how they view the sacred, and their view of
the environment?
The Lakota are a Plains Indian group native to the Wyoming area. They are well known for their
relatively preserved way of life compared to other Native American groups overtaken for the
American government. They used sweat lodges and hunted buffalo. They also had traditional
dances, rituals, and vision quests. One particular ritual is the Sun Dance. It is performed each year in
the summer time to represent the White Buffalo Woman. It was outlawed, but in the 1960s it was
brought back. First, young girls cut down a tree that will be used in the ritual. It will be the center of
the ritual and be surrounded by sacred objects. After the preparation is complete, they choose a
woman to represent the Buffalo Woman. She'll walk around the ritual ground offering the pip that
has touched the tree and been filled with tobacco to some beings. Then dancers will start praying as
they look into the sun and dance. The dancers are bound to the center pole by piercings through their
chest and eventually tears through as they dance, freeing them from the

Why Do Thales Believe In Animism
Thales of Miletus was a pre–Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, and one of the Seven
Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him as the first philosopher in the Western
tradition. In early times before the beginning of human civilization and development of philosophy,
people believed in the idea that Gods controlled every individual aspect of human existence
controlled the world. Although the Greek culture did not believe in Animism, an Ionian named
Thales adopted this idea in his own way. Thales was born in the Greek city–state of Ionia in the mid
620's (BC.) Thales was the first philosopher to ask questions about the structure and nature of the
cosmos as a whole. He searched for the " physis" of objects that cause them to act or behave in their
own way. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"He said this principle is water because it is wholly from water that life itself comes from and into
which it dissolves, he also declared that the earth rest on water getting the notion perhaps from
seeing that the nutriment of all things is moist and that heat itself is generated from moisture and
kept alive by it, and that from which they come to be is a principle of all things. He got his notion
from this fact, and from the fact that seeds of all things have a moist nature, and that water is the
origin of the nature of moist things." He explained earthquakes, for example, by hypothesizing the
Earth floats on water and that an earthquake occurs when the Earth is rocked by waves. He was also
an important innovator in astronomy, and he had an effective theory of the path of the sun from
solstice to solstice. Some have attributed him with the "discovery" of the seasons of the year and the
365–day

Strength Of Animism Research Paper
Animism, what is it? Well, animism is the belief that all plants, animals, the sun, moon & stars and
even lifeless inanimate objects have spirits. An animist, as the dictionary defines, 'is a person who
believes in the existence of individual spirits that inhabit natural objects and phenomena'. An
animist offers sacrifices, prayers or other kinds of religious worship to gain protection to avoid
being harmed by the spirit. They believe that these spirits can be transferred into other objects or
even transform into an 'evil spirit' and possess a human body.
In animism there are many strengths and weaknesses. One strength is, that if we all had the same
viewpoint or cared about the environment or everything in general, then we wouldn't have the
problems that we have today. But yet again a weakness is that, if everyone did believe in animism,
then the world that we live in wouldn't be the same. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Animists care about and for everything, so they live to protect and serve, so that they can obtain a
higher place in heaven. In our world today, our earth suffers greatly because some of the people who
live in it, don't care about the fact that some their actions or choice that they make, have
consequences and that it impacts the earth. And so they live carelessly and do not respect the world.
But if everyone cared almost just as much as an animist does, then we wouldn't be having the
problems that the world has at the moment, for example extinction of species of animals, pollution
(water, air, rubbish, etc.) and global warming. If animism was the religion of the world, then our
earth would be a much more beautiful place as our environment would be better cared for, looked
after and

Essay On Animism And The Contributions Of Thales,...
In the early times, before the beginning of human civilization and development of philosophy,
people believed in the idea that Gods, who basically controlled every individual aspect of human
existence, controlled the world. Some primitive people believed in the idea of Animism, or
Hylozoism. (The belief that everything in the universe, especially material objects, have some kind
of sole or is a living being.) These people believed that rocks, trees, and water had some kind of
sole. Animism can still be seen today in Native American tribes as well as the Aboriginal people of
Australia.
Although the Greek culture didn't believe in Animism, an Ionian named Thales
adopted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is even credited for creating the first sundial.
Anaximander believed in the theory of "apieron." Apieron is the unlimited, indeficit, indestructible
substance out of which individual things are created with and destroyed.
Although he believed apieron was real, he also believed that it was unexplainable. It would be like
saying that the letter W explained the alphabet. He also believed that the formation of the world was
due to the separation of opposites, and that the opposites were constantly at war. With these factors,
he believed that moderation is the key to success.
Although some of his theories were proved wrong, Anaximander was the first person to brush the
theory of evolution and was the father of Astronomy and cosmology. Many of
Anaximander's accomplishments are still regarded today.
Anaximenes was another Greek philosopher who lived around the time of
Anaximander. He was Anaximander's most notable student, but disagreed with
Anaximander on many levels. Anaximenes disagreed with the notion of apieron, but went back a
generation of thought to Thales ideas on the substance of which life is made.
Anaximenes' ideas were much different from the ideas of Thales because Anaximenes believed that
air was the ultimate substance, rather than water or apieron. Anaximenes introduced the ideas of
condensation and rarifacation. To prove this theory he said that when air is rarified, it becomes

Example Of Animism Research Paper
Agriculture is the artificial reproduction of crops, animal, and other products, to greatly improve the
quality of life and greatly increase food production. Agriculture plays a major role in the
development of ancient civilization, as cultivating domestic species of plants and animals created a
mass increase in food supplies. Agriculture can be traced back thousands of years ago to the very
beginning of human civilization, and is developing throughout times due to climate changes,
cultures, and technologies. Today, the most common form of agriculture is known as industrial
agriculture, in which modern technologies enables mass production of agricultural products in a
system of modern farming.
Animism is the belief that non–human objects such as plants, animals and rocks possesses spiritual
power. Animism plays a major role in the religion practices of ancient tribal people, often prior to
the prevail of orthodox religions. In the perspective of animism, there is no separation between the
spiritual world and the physical world, and people believe in spirits and souls in everything in the
world, for example, people believe that geographic features such as rivers and mountains have their
own spirits, and the behavior of animals indicates instructions from the spirits. Animism gives rise
to many religions such as totemism that people are considered ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There have been many bureaucracy practices throughout human history and in today's world, while
most of the practices are being criticized to be inhumane, and a threat to individual freedom both
physically and mentally. Some argue that bureaucracy is the only efficient way of organizing a large
population often not highly educated, while others states that bureaucracy would only shift power
from individuals to the administrating party or the leader of the political

South Park Animism
South Park is a Television show that is featured on Comedy Central. This show follows four friends;
Eric Cartman, Kyle Broflovski, Stan Marsh, and Kenny McCormick as they grow and develop
through adolescents in the small town of South Park, Colorado. Eric is an obese little bully, Kyle is
a religious kid, Stan is an average kid, and Kenny is a poor kid. These children are faced with the
common challenges that adolescences go through, of developing and growing up. The children
come into many different interactions with all kinds of people and creatures in the show. The boys
are in the third grade for the first few seasons but then they move on to the fourth grade in later
seasons. Although these children are around the age of nine, and ten in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This consists of asking a lot of questions to know answers, and centration. In almost every episode
they children have questions that they ask their cafeteria worker, Chef. Chef is asked questions
about sex, relationships, drugs, and many other explicit questions that are hard for him to answer;
especially since they are a bunch of third graders. Chef answers the questions to the best of his
ability, but sometimes it just is not enough for the children and they want Chef to explain it more.
Chef usually sends the children off to their parents to ask the question to, in fear that he may lose his
job by answering their questions. The children also display centration. Vurillot says that children at
young ages focus on one characteristic of others (1959). In the episode "Here Comes the
Neighborhood" from season five episode twelve, a new family moves to South Park. This new kid's
name is Token. He and his family are the richest people in South Park. The children make fun of
Token because he is rich. Token is a normal kid that just wants to play and to enjoy the luxuries of
being a kid. However, the children are unable to get past the fact that he is rich, so they do not play
with him. This leads to Token paying families to come live in South Park, so he can have friends to
play with. The other children begin to realize that Token is a normal kid just like them and they get

Analysis Of Dreamtime: The Myth Of The Rainbow Serpent
Dreamtime
In Australia there is a religion practiced by the aboriginal people called Animism. Animism is the
attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena. Another definition is
power that organizes and animates the material universe. These aboriginal people practice animism,
especially in what they believe is the period of time when the world was created, which they call
Dreamtime. They believe everything in the world not only has a soul but is related to them through
the creator that made the world– the Rainbow Serpent.
The myth of the Rainbow Serpent is taken for fact in the aboriginal religion of animism. It is the
basis for the rest of their way of life. They believed the Rainbow Serpent was a snake who when
chasing after people turned some into plants and animals then escaped into the sea leaving the
remaining people to care after their brothers and sisters. This is the reason their religion is
categorized as Animism because they believe all objects of the earth still contain the souls of their
brothers and sisters.This also fosters a great respect for nature in their community. Their ethos is that
humans should live in harmony with all other things on the planet.
Bias can be an issue when studying a religion anthropologically. For example, someone from the
Christian religion might compare the myth of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The plants and animals are their brothers and sisters,. The people hear the retelling of the myths of
the dreamtime through their elders and through music. While I was not able to participate in any of
the culture I did observe it through a documentary. The ethnographic method is a valuable way of
anthropologically studying a culture or religion. It provides a understanding of a culture in a very
non–biased way and provides accuracy through the observer having to participate in the religion or
culture of study for about a

Annotated Bibliography On Animism
Annotated Bibliography: Is Being a Vegetarian Or Vegan Better For You?
Eisenstein, Charles. "The Ethics of Eating Meat". Weston A. Price Foundation 2002.
charleseisenstein.net/essays/the–ethics–of–eating–meat/, In "The Ethics of Eating Meat," Charles
Eisenstein opens his article with the note that many vegetarians are not truly motivated by nutrition
alone. There are some, who are vegetarians, as a result of cultural or religious reasons, and mentions
Animism, which is the belief that animals have a soul and therefore it is wrong to kill them. Yet,
Eisenstein notes, the overwhelming majority follow this type of diet because they feel moral outrage
at the manner and conditions in which some animals are kept. Specifically, he discusses the ways
that the meat industry rear cattle for meat, and details the poor conditions of filth, crowding, and
confinement. However, as Eisenstein argues this moral outrage should rather be directed at the
practices of the meat industry as opposed to the practice of killing animals for food. Moreover, he
points out that the "meat industry seeks to maximize production" but "actually it seeks to maximize
profit, which means maximizing not "production" but "productivity"" (Eisenstein 2). Another
argument he addresses is despite a favorable view of vegetarianism within the nutritional field, some
researchers do dispute some of the health claims.
This article relates to this paper because it expresses the primary reason as to why many choose to

In Southeast Asia, Animism and Buddhism have led to a...
In Southeast Asia, Animism and Buddhism have led to a unique tattoo culture where tattoos have
practical, magical, protective and power enhancing properties. Animism is the world view that non–
human entities (animals, plants, and inanimate objects or phenomena) possess a spiritual essence.
This is the indigenous belief system of the people who inhabit Burma, Thailand, Southwest China,
and Laos. The imagery and ritual of tattoo culture in Southeast Asia takes its roots in a mixture of
indigenous practices as well as Theraveda Buddhism. A few of the numerous names given to the
tattoos of this region are shan tattoos, yantra tattoo, katha tattoos, or sak yant. These words imply
different tattoo sects of Southeast Asia, but in this paper they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Tattoo artists are usually either monks or doctors called sara, meaning teacher. Tattooers are skilled
in traditional herbal medicine, as well as the medicine that draws on the power of the Buddhas. They
must have extensive knowledge of katha and they must have access to enough power to make
efficient tattoos. Katha are used in every powerful tattoo. They are versus from the pali Buddhist
scriptures, written in the sacred language of Theraveda Buddhism. Katha are written out in khom
(khmer) letters, or are arranged in cabalistic diagrams. Tattoo artist recite katha from memory before
during and after the tattoo process. The particular versus of katha depend on the intention of the
tattoo. It can take ten years for someone to acquire enough power, knowledge of katha, and
technical skill to become a tattoo artist. Before a tattoo master can begin a tattoo, they must first
read the aura of the client to determine witch design best suits them. The yantra tattoo process is a
magic ritual, artists often claim to be in a trance or possessed by a spirit during the tattoo proccess.
The tattoo is done by tapping homemade dyes underneath the skin. Tools can range from a variety
of items such as rattan thorns, sewing needles embedded in a wooden handle, a pointed brass
engraver, or needles crafted from nails. Tattoo artists who cater to an international community are
more likely to use imported electrical equipment and more hygienic, colorful dyes.

E. B. Tylor's Influence On Religion
Religion and supernatural belief have gone hand in hand for centuries, and ideas of these beliefs
have been debated by many different anthropologists, religious thinkers and sociologists.
Anthropologist E.B. Tylor had an interpretation that assisted in influencing future scholars on
ideologies of religion and the supernatural. Tylor focused on an anthropological viewpoint, stating
that supernatural belief stemmed from explanation of natural phenomena including life and death.
Tylor's major contribution to the religious field was his theory of animism and the idea of 'survivors'
and through cultural anthropology, he interpreted the supernatural in a way that had not previously
been deduced, influencing many key religious thinkers whom were searching for a viewpoint
outside of the religious believer's scope.
Commonly known as the "Father of Anthropology", Edward Burnett Tylor was an English
anthropologist who is commonly recognised as a founder in cultural anthropology. After spending
time in Mexico in 1855, Tylor discovered a fascination for unfamiliar culture and identifying
interpretations of religion and the supernatural. He began a search for explanation into ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It played a large role in how he theorised the creation of supernatural beliefs, and was arguably the
largest contribution he made to religious theory. Tylor reintroduced the idea of 'animism' into
popular religious thinking, defining it as "the faith in the individual soul of all things, and natural
manifestations." He considered this theory as the first phase in the development of all religions and
believed that animism fit into two categories: belief in souls and belief in spirits. This closely linked
to his theories of supernatural and the need for explanation in natural phenomena, especially
focusing on the theories that ask why primitive people needed to believe in a higher deity and
spiritual

Movie Animism Essay
One of the more common worldviews prevalent in today's society, is animism. This is also a great
cause for concern to Christians because this worldview stands as a sizable threat to the one truth we
know; which is that Jesus is the only God who has ultimate power over everything. Animism is the
belief that any material or object can take on the attribute of a soul. This means that plants, animals,
inanimate objects, and even natural occurrences can become alive, have personalities, and can
control things. Throughout this paper, I will be analyzing the different scenes that exhibit the
animistic worldview from some of movies directed by Hayao Miyazaki, a famous creator and
director of over a dozen Japanese animated movies. Almost every one of Hayao Miyazaki's movies
share the similar worldview of animism. The movies that will be specifically focused on include
Spirited Away, Howl's Moving Castle, and My Neighbor Totoro. Each film contains different ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, it is a more commonly believed worldview that is spreading to more than just the assumed
group of people, in other words, the tribal nations. It is being followed by the people we come
across in our day to day lives. Halverson states in his article that in general, "most world religions
have a concept of God that makes Him out to be distant, abstract, and unknowable", and lists
Hinduism as an example of this (Animism: The Religion of the Tribal World). Because these people
put God at a far away distance, they then turn to spirits as a means to fill that "God" void. It is an
apparently easy choice to turn to, when people feel like God is too far away to be bothered with
everyone. Animism has also become a more common worldview over the past few years in the
practice of meditation. According to Gailyn Van Rheenen, who is an expert on animistic religions,
estimated back in 1996 that about 40% of the world's population followed an animistic worldview
(Halverson,

Native American Animism
Native Americans believe that nature, animals, and a higher power work together in a synergetic
relationship to foster the lives of human beings by providing resources, protection, and a guiding
force by which to live. In the creation myths, "The Navajo Origin Legend," "When Grizzlies
Walked Upright," "The Earth on Turtle's Back," and "The Iroquois Constitution," these beliefs are
shown through a variety of similar ways. Most of these include the use of animism, symbolism, and
creation. However, while these stories have many correlative attributes, they also differ through
their attitudes along with how they use these symbols and what Gods they may or may not have
believed in.
Most Native American tribes believed in a sort of animism and therefore ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in "The Navajo Origin Legend," an eagle feather that symbolized protection was
placed next to the corn that eventually turned into a man and a woman. An eagle was also used to
represent a source of protection in the myth of "The Iroquois Constitution," to watch over the
confederacy and warn them of any harm. These examples show that these tribes valued the eagles
existence as this bird was used to create the first humans and watch over the confederacy. Along
with this species, in "The Earth on Turtle's Back." several other organisms were used to save the
Chief's wife from falling to her death including swans, a loon, waterbirds, a turtle, a duck, and a
muskrat. All of these creatures were seen by those who continued this myth as brave, courageous,
and compassionate. Meanwhile, in "When Grizzlies Walked Upright," bears were seen as accepting
creatures as they were okay with the Chief's daughter and a bear getting married and having
children. However, in "When Grizzlies Walked Upright," the bears were seen as a disgrace by the
humans in the myth due to the Chief's daughter and a bear getting married and having children.
Because of this, bears were seen with respect by the Natives as they thought the bears were their

American Animism
Agriculture– Agriculture, also know as the act of "farming," describes the systematic method of
taking nature and using it to the benefit of other humans or animals. Agriculture and farming truly
started to take root in the Neolithic Revolution of 10,000 BCE. This change in manner became a
result of humans choosing farming over traditional "hunter–gathering" methods. The popularity that
agriculture in growing populations led to the permanent settlements and the creation of civilizations.
Animism– The term "animism" is used in a spiritual sense to describe the belief a soul or spirit
inhabited all objects. This description has been applied to some of the oldest myths and legends told
by the early man, known originally as a concept formed from people of primitive nature. The
significance of elements in nature, and elements in the stars held a greater sense of emotion in early
religion (religions that were relevant before Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam). The modern extent
seen of animism can be found in the core beliefs of Haitian VooDoo, and Chinese folk religion.
Bureaucracy– Bureaucracy is form of organization within the government of a state or organization
that allows state officials to make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Otherwise stated as a city with other land surrounding it. For example in early Greece there are over
1,000 known city–states, the biggest being Sparta. The importance in having many small city–states
instead of large countries, was so that there was smaller states divided for easier self–management .
Instead each city–state could have its own set of rules and government, this resulted in the
progression of independently governed states. Although popular city–states are found in Greece it is
also said that the origin of the city–state was derived from Asia. Today there are only about five
city–states; the Vatican, Singapore, Kuwait, Djibouti, and

The Drum Beater By Karoo Ashevak
The Drum Beater
Throughout history, many different cultures illustrate their history and their beliefs through various
artistic objects that they create. These artifacts allow historians to better gage their lifestyle, their
beliefs, and how their society operated. One example of this is the "Drum Beater" sculpting created
by Karoo Ashevak that is especially famous for its illustrations of the shamans and the spirits. In this
research paper, Karoo Ashevak's "drum beater" will be dissected and analysed; from the Inuit
culture itself, to the physical features of the sculpting, as well as the significance and symbolism of
the sculpting as it relates to the Inuit culture.
To understand the significance of the "drum beater", it is essential to understand the Inuit culture
that created this sculpting based on its beliefs. The Inuit's are aboriginal people who mainly inhabit
the northern region of Canada. As of 2011, there was just under 60,000 people who identified
themselves as Inuit, which is roughly 4.2% of the total aboriginal population(need a source). The
Inuit people lived life style that was hunter gathering, as it was to cold for agriculture in the northern
parts of Canada. Although the Inuit lifestyle has evolved as times have changed, their culture
remains mostly the same. Many of their traditions are still continued to this day, especially their
stories and mythology that is passed down from generation to generation. This is incredibly
important as it allows for the

Essay On Animism
Animism derives from the Latin word anima which means soul, spirit, life or breath (Overseas
Missionary Fellowship (OMF) International, n.d.). Animism is the belief that non–living objects
have souls (life) and those natural phenomena possess supernatural or magical power. Animism
encompasses the beliefs that there is no separation between the spiritual and physical or material
world. Animism believes that natural physical entities which include animals, plants, and even
inanimate objects such as forest, mountains, rivers or village and phenomena possess a spiritual
essence. Most Animists even be certain that human beings are spiritual at their core and they will
become spirits too in the spirit world upon their physical death (Davis, 2011). The power of the
spirits infuses everything. Therefore, the term "animism" can be summed up by "belief in spiritual
beings". It can also be summarized as "all that exists lives" and, sometimes, "all that lives is holy"
(Taylor, 2005).
Animism is usually applied to any religious beliefs that recognize spirits or a spirit world inherent in
the physical world (Overseas Missionary Fellowship (OMF) International, n.d.). Spiritual beings are
everywhere and they shape all that happens. The basic of animism is that the spirit world is stronger
than humans. The spirit world controls everything in life. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Animism often grows out of primal religions and mixed with one or more world religions. This
occurs when there is an advent of a world religion in an area where animistic religions are already
practiced. With the introduction of world religion in an area, it may seem like predominate, however
its tenets and practices are usually followed alongside with folk customs based on spirit belief
(Overseas Missionary Fellowship (OMF) International, n.d.). The Karen people are one of the
societies that still practiced the traditional belief of animism until today besides the world

Examples Of Animism In Spirit Away
Spirit Away is an anime style fantasy film written and directed by the celebrated artist Hayao
Miyazaki. Originally released in Japan in 2001 to great fanfare, Disney translated an English version
and distributed the film to western audiences later that same year. In 2002, Spirit Away went on to
win an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, the Golden Bear Award at the International Film
Festival in 2003, and has become the most successful film in Japanese history to date. The story
focuses on a young, ten year old girl named Chihiro, who in the beginning proves to be a very
apathetic, whiny, and spoiled sort of child but grows and develops tremendously as a bright soul by
the end of the viewer's journey. The realm in which Chihiro inhabits ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pythagoreans followed purification rituals that included extensive bathing, with well–developed
rules, enabling their souls to achieve a higher rank among the gods. Chihiro's journey of change and
growth takes place in a bathhouse that caters to these gods. There is notable emphasis on the bathing
rites of passage occurring in the film and as Chihiro tends to her daily work she is often dripping
wet, herself, from drawing baths and providing towel services to the gods. The most dramatic of
scenes includes an ancient stink spirit who arrives in search of its ritual cleaning. Chihiro begins her
duties only to be engulfed in the stench and mire that flow from the stink spirit and upon
successfully removing a thorn from its side, the spirit proves to be a polluted river spirit, whose
trash and pollution pours into the room. Mindless waste, greed, and disregard for environment, all
too well, relate the ancient Pythagorean teaching that consequences of our daily actions alter our
natural and individual worlds in harmful and destructive ways that we know

The Planet Jay Comes From The Earth
The planet Jay comes from is known as Mir to its inhabitants.
In this universe, there are several sapient species, who originate both in outer space and on Mir. The
human–equivalent, mortal species are lovek, who live down on Mir and, at the time of Jay 's entry
into Ryslig, are just starting to venture into outer space. However, besides lovek there are several
species that should be discussed in some detail for a proper understanding of the setting.
Most immortal species in the setting fall under the umbrella of Spirits, based on the fact they are
composed of Spirit (substances relating to magic and the soul) rather than Flesh (you know, meat).
The universe is dualist and most living things within it fall under one of the two broad categories of
Spirit and Flesh.
First, there are the stareczi, who live in deep space and generally stay away from Mir. They 're
something akin to sapient fungus (or possibly slimes). They have two instars (life stages), which
dictate their place in society.
The first instar is a haploid, unfused individual that grows from a spore. Unfused stareczi live in
loose groups of about five to ten individuals, though pods as large as twenty–five are not
uncommon. The second instar is trickier.
The second instar of stareczi is something between a proper life–stage and pair–bonding. At
maturity, two haploid stareczi fuse into a single, diploid individual who is capable of sporing. Fused
stareczi are solitary and live away from others of their

The Existence Of Animism In Japan
Every new year's day, I go to the Sakurai shrine, it is the sacred place to me. I don't have the
particular religion in myself. However, in Japan, we are naturally familiar with the concept of
animism, therefore though I don't have the concrete spiritual belief, I can accept the idea. According
to Kitano et al., "In Japan, there is a traditional belief of the existence of spiritual life in objects or
natural phenomena called mi (the god) and tama (the spirit). From the prehistoric era, the belief in
the existence of sprit has been associated with Japanese mythological traditions related to Shinto.
The sun, the moon, mountains and trees each have their own spirits, or gods. Each god is given a
name, has characteristics, and is believed to have control over natural and human phenomena. This
thought has continued to be believed and influences the Japanese relationship with nature and
spiritual existence". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They devise in detail, therefore this shrine doesn't limit the place to respect the God, but this appeals
their skill with creating it.
Japanese shrine is different from the other religion as the Christianity, it is more opened space, not
strictly as the divine space, but as the place community come together for the event. I like this
opened space makes me familiar to all of us, thus we go this shrine not the holy events, but just as
the Japanese tradition.
Kitano, N.(2007). Animism, Rinri, Modernization; the Base of Japanese Robotics. Graduate School
of Social Sciences, Waseda University. Retrieved from

What Is An Example Of Animism
The readings from this week I found extremely enlightening. To start. I'll begin with my favorite, the
one by Ludwig Feuerbach. I love his philosophies with Pagan and Christian beliefs systems. I love
how he touches on polytheism (the belief of many gods) and then in contrast with monotheism (the
belief of one god). He clearly shows the parallel of both nature and man just like Sigmund Freud
theory called animism, where everything has as sprit including inanimate objects. He denotes the
idea that humans believe in magic of the rain. I couldn't help but think how in todays world when
we have a thunderstorm, people casually refer to it as the "angels are bowling." It seems all to often
hat when humans don't have an reasonable answer for something

Being A Shamans Essay
In this essay I will be going into great detail about shaman, I will be discussing, who, what shamans
are, how to become a shaman, I will be talking about a part of the spirit called, sicun and the
shamans, many jobs and duties within a community. Shamans take part in many ceremonies, I will
be focusing on are, a shamans job during a vision quest, their duties during a sweat lodge and what
they do during a Sundance.
Shaman can be either men or women, they are normally adults and can be seen as teachers,
interpreters, and wise people. Shamans have lots of jobs some of these jobs are often used to heal,
communicate with spirits, and guide in their community like, friends and family to "A shaman acts
as an intermediary between the visible, ordinary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A vision quest is a journey into the wilderness alone, during vision quest you do certain things in
order to induce a vision, can and need to fast, sit in a dark cave or hut for a long period of time,
make patterns of sounds and dance. "All native societies recognize that certain individuals were
exceptionally receptive to visionary experience allowing them to be in touch with powerful spirit
protectors these individuals or she man could be either sex though they have most often been meant
they could put their powers at the service of other people to here to guide a hunter or for other
constructive purposes." Janet Catherine Berlo & Ruth B. Phillips, Native North American Art
second edition (New York, Oxford University Press, 2015.) 32. In class we learnt that it's bad luck,
if you don't get your dreams interpreted by a Shaman because, dreams are essentially messages from
spirits, if you ignore these messages you are ignoring and upsetting the spirits. Human beings need
to acquire power from other–than–human beings if they are to be effective in the world. Liminal
state of being (A dream or a trance) and bordering places (shorelines that often access to waterlands,
heights of land that reach towards the sky and crevices in rock that are channels to realms below the
earth's surface) all eight in contacts between human and nonhuman beings. Native North American's
have developed a repertoire of techniques that facilitate The crossing of boundaries between
conscious and unconscious experience and between spatial zones of power. The VisionQuest,
widely practiced throughout the continent requires fasting sleeplessness and isolation–– sacrifices
designed to provoke the pity of other than human beings to induce them to confer blessings of
power. "Janet Catherine Berlo & Ruth B. Phillips, Native North American Art second edition (New
York, Oxford University

Comparing "Arts of the Contact Zone" and Animism and the...
Every breath you take is comprised of bits and pieces of your immediate surrounding. While outside
the confines of the manmade structures that stand strong before you everyday, you're unavoidably
absorbing nature. You unconsciously and almost immediately determine how well the day will
progress: Can you smell the presence of rain in the air? Are the pollens scattered throughout the
atmosphere hinting to your itchy nose that allergy season is fast approaching? Whichever the case,
it's obvious; the environment is communicating with you. In "Arts of the Contact Zone", Mary
Louise Pratt defines contact zones as "the space in which transculturation takes place – where two
different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
She believed autoethnographic text is "a text in which people undertake to describe themselves in
ways that engage with representations others have made of them." In order words, the text is a
person's opinion of themselves with the input of others. Autoethnographic text – or the lack of – can
be seen in the natural world. An example is natural tragedies, such as volcanoes eruptions and
hurricanes. Nature does not take into consideration our attempts to stop these disasters. The most we
can do is try. In order to take full advantage of autoethnographic text we are given everyday, we can
try to listen more intently and take action more effectively. A problem with translating the natural
messages this world contains into language we can understand is accuracy. After all, what human
can actually understand the music of the rain and the barks of dogs? The most we can do is infer.
The bits and pieces of nature we breathe in everyday is aids our wellbeing. Listening to the language
of the culture of nature enables us to make better decisions in our lives. The wet surface of the earth
outside your house signals you to bring an umbrella – which will prevent you from becoming wet
and catching a cold. The scent of flowers in the air sets off a sneezing fit reminding you to take your
allergy medication. However, people will not always understand the hints nature dishes out to us. An
example is the signs of

Examples Of Spirited Away Animism
One of the reasons why animism is a popular worldview in today's society, is because it offers a
supreme god that has many lesser gods who take care of certain regions of the world. Below the line
of gods, come spirits, who supposedly live in nature. After the spirits, there are the spirits of
ancestors that still have a contributing role in interacting with the living (Zukeran, 2010). This chain
of spiritual beings helps provide people with the idea of having a closer opportunity to interact with
the high power spirits. As previously mentioned, most people place God at a far away distance,
where He is not accessible to the people, so, this provides an easier solution when seeking guidance
and direction. Another reason why it is so popular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the movie Spirited Away, is about a little girl who finds herself in a different, spirit–
filled world where her parents get turned into pigs because they ate the spirits' food. She then has to
work for a witch, who runs a bath house for spirits, in order to save her parents from permanently
becoming pigs. Along her journey, she comes across a water spirit named Haku, who she relies on
for surviving the harsh working conditions, and learns how to please the different kinds of spirits
(Bak, 2003). In the movie, Spirited Away, humans are greatly looked down upon. They carry a
particular scent and personality that is repulsive to the spirits of that world. However, as the little
girl becomes familiar with the ways of the spirit world, the spirits begin to value her presence,
which then turns into building a better relationship between spirits and humans. Some of the spirits
that are seen throughout Spirited Away include radish spirits, dragons, origami birds, ducks, and
decapitated

Things Fall Apart: Christianity vs. Animism
Christianity vs. Animism
A major aspect of one's society is religion. Without it, the way people hold themselves accountable
would be nonexistent. In addition, many moral standards that exist today are values taken directly
from religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Currently, there exists a feud between
people who believe in a god, and of those who do not. Eventually those who believe in a higher
power will fight against each other. In "Things Fall Apart", Chinua Achebe brings to light the
differences and similarities of Christianity and Animism in order to demonstrate the effects of
religion upon one's society, which is exemplified by Okonkwo and his people. This is noticed in the
lives of the Ibo, the missionaries, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the novel, the egwugwu are mentioned on several occasions. These "spirits" are really
just masked men of the clan, but instead of them being seen as just symbolic figures, they are
believed to be actual spirits of their past ancestors, "The egwugwu house was now a pandemonium
of quavering voices: Aru oyim de de de dei! Filled the air as the spirits of the ancestors, just
emerged from the earth, greeted themselves in their esoteric language" (88). These men or "spirits"
are seen throughout various rituals in the book, but their true effect upon the Ibo is not fully seen
until a court proceeding at which the egwugwu decide a man's punishment for breaking a law (87 –
94). In most, if not all, predominantly Christian countries, the citizens have some sort of judiciary
system where he or she is punished for their crimes. The Ibo would not be any different if it were
not for the reason that the jurors are believed to be the spirits of dead ancestors but in actuality are
just men. This practice allows the select few egwugwu to judge their peers as if they themselves
were gods. Not only does the judiciary process differ between the two religions, but as does the
judgment of one's actions that effect their spiritual lives. The Ibo believe that one man's
transgression has the potential to cause punishment towards the entire clan. This fear is observed
when Okonkwo beats his wife during the Week of Peace, and he is commanded to make a sacrifice
to Ani

Emile Durkheim's View Of Religion
There are a numerous amount of different perspectives when concerning religions and myths. One
example is Emile Durkheim whose perspective of religion was that it was a social component of
human beings. He suggested that people got their regions ideas, were taught how to carry out their
rituals and developed their ideals as a result of their socialization. He believed that there were no
false religions and added that religion quite dominated over its followers and made them dependent
on it.
Durkheim tried to distinguish between religion and magic. He suggested that religious or sacred
things are special and that commonplace things are profane. Magic rituals he claimed were just
social events. Religious ideas were created while rituals were being performed causing many
emotional participates to feel the presence of unseen beings among them, which was Durkheim's
idea of a sacred world. Durkheim stated that there is "no church of magic" and that there was no
lasting bond between the magician and his audience. A church binds the group together and a moral
community because participates believe in the same god or participate in the same cult. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Edward Tylor an English Scholar, defined religion "as the belief in spiritual beings. "He offered the
theory that these beliefs came from dreams and that the dreamer was somewhere between the living
and the dead. He suggested this is where the idea of souls originated. This evolved into the beliefs of
spirits which needed scarifies. This would cause the spirits to grant favors to the ones performing
the sacrifices. The sacrifices then became rituals. Tylor believes that science would cause religion to
disappear. This in effect caused polytheism to be born. If it was not for polytheism, monotheism
would not have been developed. Tylor's theory was that if society evolved so did their

Bureaucra Animism: A Glossary Of Terms
Glossary of Terms
Agriculture
Agriculture is a way by which people cultivate soil for a certain purpose, most often for growing
crops. Almost all ancient cultures relied on agriculture as a large part of their diets. However,
agriculture does not only grow food, but also materials such as cotton that people can use. People
continue to practice agriculture to grow crops to this day. Some of the most popular crops that are
cultivated include rice, sorghum, cotton, wheat, hay, soybeans, and corn. Due to these large volumes
of produce, the U.S. Government has a Department of Agriculture division to set rules and
regulations for crops, ensuring customer safety.
Animism
Animism is a way of thinking in which people believe that inanimate objects and occurrences such
as plants, rocks, and even natural phenomena possess souls or spirits. Many animistic religions
practice events that they believe show the importance of important spirits, most of them having
something to do with nature. These spirits often have a given nature, sometimes good or evil. The
good spirits are often worshipped while the evil spirits must be appeased through sacrifices, prayers,
dances, or other rituals. Animism is a very ancient practice, and is even mentioned in the Bible.
Thus, they are considered to be one of the first religions to exist in human history. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another type of bureaucracy, more common in the modern world, is the administrative system that
oversees the operations of a large institution. Bureaucratic organizations are formed for this purpose.
These organizations often operate in a hierarchy. By operating in this manner, the roles of the
workers become clearly defined while everyone takes definite responsibility for their actions.
However, these organizations are usually slow when it comes to adapting to

Expressions Of Animism And Spiritual World
Animism is the belief that animals, plants, rivers, mountains, and other entities in nature contain an
inner spiritual essence. Animism has many forms, which reflect the geographical environment, the
religious or spiritual cultural history, and the distinct worldview of the people groups who practice
its various expressions. It is found in expressions of shamanism and neo–paganism, as well as other
spiritualities (more below). What does "animism" mean? The English word "animism" has Latin
roots and means "soul" or "life." It is related to other English words like "animal" and "animate" (or
"inanimate"). It's important to to know that "animism" is a word that observers of this practice, like
anthropologists, have used to describe this belief system; it is not a term used by practitioners. What
do animists believe about the physical and spiritual world? Practitioners ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Animism isn't always practiced in isolation today; sometimes it's practiced inside a larger religious
context. There are several examples of this from spiritual expressions both large and small, found in
both the East and the West. Expressions of animism are found in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism,
Neopaganism, and Shinto. Is animism the same thing as shamanism? The concepts aren't identical,
but they do have overlapping elements. In shamanism, a person called a "shaman" attempts to
engage the spirit world by means of entering into a trance, which is variously induced (see article
for more information). It is believed that shamans have the ability to interact with the spirits of
deceased people; this is perhaps their foremost characteristic. However, shamans also may be called
upon when certain calamities strike a community, such as a crop failure. In this case, the shaman
may attempt to engage with the spirit of the soil, rain, sun, or another related agricultural factor to
improve the difficult

Piaget Animism
We are all aware that nowadays media has a critical impact in adolescent's cognitive development.
Like Vigotsky explains on the textbook, the environment has a substantial influence because
adolescent learn from socially shared activity. Also, as Piaget describes when it comes to
adolescents, they tend to start reasoning and drawing their own conclusions from observation which
can also be from TV shows.
One show that I found interested and describes Piaget's formal Operational Thought is "Sabrina, the
teenage Witch". This Tv show describes the life of a teenager who at 16 years old is sent to live with
her aunts to reveal her she is a witch because her father is a warlock but her mother is mortal. In
addition, to this she found out her black cat can talk. The show use what Piaget's describe as
animism because in reality cats can't talk. However, on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some episodes we see for example what Piaget describes as adolescent agocentrism because
despite to her powers, she still have insecurity as adolescent and feel like everyone will notice any
mistake she might do and is afraid about her new school and friends. We also see episodes of
egocentrism when she shows her frustration because she believes no one can understand her and
how difficult it is to become part of a new group in her school. However, at the end of each episode,
even when she makes mistakes, she learns from it and finally understands that her family and new
friends are there to help her when needed. In addition, in many other episodes we also see examples
of abstract thought when she learn to don't use her powers to her benefit but how to be fair and use
morality. Her aunts show her the ethical issues involve when using her powers and of course she
takes her family advise and put it on practice even when she knows she could take advantage and
could easily do wherever she

Huis Gratis Imperialism
Huis Gratis is my civilization that I have created for my project. Huis Gratis is part of a rain forest
that gets about 200 inches of rainfall a year and is surrounded by many rivers. These natural
boundaries all help in making Huis Gratis a great civilization for the West Africans to start their
lives here. In addition, Huis Gratis is filled with dangerous animals, such as snakes, spiders, and
howler monkeys. Even though these animals are aggressive and pose a threat to the settlers, they
also have other animals that give them a stable food supply such as lizards and fish. Furthermore,
my civilization is very big and suitable for people to settle in, and that is why people did settle there.
Equally important, Huis Gratis if very easy to attack, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the official language of Africa and is the only language that has no English words in it. Also,
Huis Gratis has made many inventions that are still used today. They created the atlatl, the lock, the
tarp, and they created the paddle. The most important invention was the lock because today, they are
used for transferring a boat from one waterway to another, but back then, they used it to hold enemy
boats from intruding them. The atlatl was also important because it made catching prey very easy
because it would thrown the spear even faster than the human arm could throw a spear. Also, the the
tarp was an invention, but also a discovery because it is waterproof and allowed the people to stay
dry and keep foods from spoiling fast. This discovery was very helpful to Huis Gratis because others
wanted to get the tarps made out out the leave fibers and traded more expensive items for

World Religions Chapters 2-3 Summary
1.) A.) Name and discuss several the major theories of the origin of religion. There are several
theories of the origin of religion. The first theory of the origin of religion is the animistic theory,
Theorized by Herbert Spencer. The Animistic theory theorizes that the gods of the primitive people
were founded on dreams of the recently deceased. The theory basically means that the primitive
people believed that there dreams where visions of another world; and they believed that their
leaders and hero's went their after death. While this Theory has a ring of truth to it, the jump to
believing there another world because of a dream seems drastic. This theory was later expanded.
Another theory of the origin of religion is the nature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first aspect that stands out to me is that Native Americans do not fear death, but they do fear the
mistreatment of the dead. It would seem in most cultures that death itself is fear, and the removal of
the dead is mournful but not revered. What can clearly be seen is the bravery of Native Americans in
the face of death, which clearly shows their firm belief in what was true for them. Many religions
believe in two souls, but while most believe that you body is taken to another world, Native
Americans believe that you body roams as a free spirit on this world. And Unlike many religions
they do not believe in a heaven or hell, they believe that all go to the Land Of The Dead. It is
astounding to me that Native Americans do not have a punishment for those who were evil in life;
but the texted does explain the Land Of the Dead could also be full of sorrow for some. The Hindu
belief in reincarnation is hinted at in some Native American beliefs, but is mostly left out of most.
What surprised me is that their no emphases on the Ancestors, which seem like a very common
belief in most basic religions. The generalization of Native Americans belief of death and life after
leads me to many questions of what the original belief they held. There where many cultural
systems, so there is no doubt that there was some who believed in reincarnation. In

Feudalism Vs Animism
Agriculture: Agriculture is the science of farming. The word Agriculture comes from the Latin word
ager meaning field and the Latin word cultura meaning growing. Agriculture also includes the
practice of tending animals for food and other goods including wool and other products. Agriculture
is very closely tied to farming and cultivation. The practice of agriculture is to use natural resources
to maintain life, this includes food, horticultural crops, fiber, forest products.
Animism: The views and beliefs of animism are based on inanimate and animate. They believe that
all inanimate and animate objects have spirits. Their beliefs have connected spiritual qualities to
these objects inanimate or animate. These religions honor important ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A stage of of human development that is seen as the most advanced.
A civilization is considered the best of its time. The Greek philosopher Aristotle is one of the
greatest scientist in our civilization. Ancient Egypt is an example of early civilization. Greater Iran
was a civilization. A civilization historically was more advanced than the "barbarian" or "savage"
groups of people.
Commerce: Commerce is a system of buying and selling. The system consists of economic, social,
political, and technological systems. Commerce affects the business prospects of economies. This
also includes social trading, selling, or dealings between people. The word commerce came from the
word Latin word Commercium that was mixed with french to create commerce in the mid 16th
century. The caduceus is the symbol of commerce.
Culture diffusion: The expansion or spreading out of culture or cultural traits. This cultural diffusion
is created by people moving around. The English language is a good example of cultural diffusion
because it contains many words from different languages. India is a good example as well it is home
to many religions including these religious groups Buddhists, Christians ,Muslims and Hindi people.
In China Buddhism was spread from India during the Han

Animism Vs. Anthnocentrism: The Key Differences In Religion
Religion has been present in this world for thousands of years, providing ancient civilizations with
answers to their questions and a moral code to abide by. Today, religion still serves that same
purpose and more, forming and changing as time goes on. Though religions today may share some
elements, they do share vastly different opinions on the soul, time, truth, and the senses, and provide
answers and a way of life to those who desire it.
One of the key differences in religion is animism versus anthropocentrism. Animism is the belief
that everything has a soul – animals, plants, the elements. Animistic religions view everything as
sacred, so the Earth and those who inhabit deserve to be treated with respect. Anthropocentric
religions, however, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anthropocentric religions provide the idea that there is one eternal truth and with one path set out
for you to achieve it, usually dictated in a text such as the Bible, Torah, or Quran. Other religions
preach of many possible truths and there are many ways to achieve them. I find that the idea of one
truth and one path may limit a person, for they may feel that whatever truths they might otherwise
come across are untrue for they weren't dictated for them. Politically speaking, I believe that the
"one truth" plays a great part in politics when it's to the benefit of politicians. Politicians can hide
behind their "one truth" as a reason to permit or outlaw drugs or euthanasia, but they might also hide
behind "multiple truths" for it may help them in their search. Overall, I feel that the one truth
provides the reason for the stigma around drugs and

Essay on A Summary of David Abram’s Animism and the Alphabet
Isaiah Graham
Farmer
ENG 11–940
9/13/2013
A Summary of David Abram's Animism and the Alphabet
David Abram's selection, "Animism and the Alphabet" conveys that human's disconnection from the
natural world is partially at fault with the alphabet, it also asserts that alphabet originates from the
natural world. Abrams supports his ideas by mentioning several great thinkers throughout history
including Plato, Socrates and others. Abram's also compares modern ways to the customs of
indigenous people. The main purpose of Abram's paper is to convey the idea that people have
disconnected from the natural world, and one of the main reasons for this is the alphabet. The
alphabet is not portrayed as a bad thing, but as a tool that has both ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some would say that this was an improvement and the Greeks would agree. Others would say this
was just another step in our departure from nature. The beginning of this departure would appear to
have started with the aleph–beth, but the Greeks took the system and stripped it of all natural
references. Abrams begins the next section of the text by referring to Socrates. Socrates says "I'm a
lover of learning, and trees and country won't teach me anything, whereas men in the town do" (pg.
34). This begins a long discussion on whether or not the human race has learned anything from the
natural world. Homer is mentioned several times and it becomes apparent that throughout his tales
the Iliad and the Odyssey nature is seen as a supreme being. The Greek gods are portrayed by the
natural world, so how could Socrates say something as controversial as the Earth won't teach him
anything. In part it is because the Greek society relied extensively on the social aspect of life. Most
Athenians learned from men in the city and not from the Earth around them, so there was no real
way for them to conceive the idea that nature could teach. There were a few who looked beyond this
however and saw the natural world for what it was. Abrams continues on by explaining that the
Greeks were an oral culture and the alphabet was still being learned. Homers epics were the first
stories to ever be written down by the Greeks. This seems slightly ironic

Animism: The Role Of Farming In The Ancient World
Agriculture– This concept is the discipline and science of farming including the growing of any
products that are used for the influence of humans on earth. Some of the forms of life that are
cultivated include plants, animals, and types of bacteria. The science of agriculture is very ancient
and it began way back to around ten thousand years ago in places around Western Asia, India, and
Egypt. The major types of agriculture include subsistence farming, commercial farming, and
sustainable farming. Today, the art is still practiced differently all over the world in various places.
Animism– Animism is the belief that every living and nonliving thing has a spirit and soul in nature.
Many of the animist religions believe that elements like trees, thunder, oceans, mountains, and more
have souls just like the living elements in nature like animals and plants. This belief describes there
is no distinguishment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The word "empire" comes from the Latin term imperium, meaning a rule, command, authority, etc.
An empire can be defined in two ways: a group of diverse states and people under a single authority,
and a large business under the control of one person. The five most powerful and historical empires
are said to be the Persian Empire, the Roman Empire, the Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, and the
British Empire.
Feudalism– Feudalism was a political system in Europe in which the lower people in society, such
as vassals and serfs, worked and fought for the lord, and in return, the lord provided them protection
and uses of the land. However, this European system ended in around the 1400s. It is said among
scholars, there is no proper definition for this term. This popular system was a way of arranging
society based on relationships of the lord and the workingmen. Feudalism helped shape many of our
governments today in various

Comparison of Animism and Hinduism Essay
Edward Burnett Tylor was born in 1832 and passed away in the year 1917. He was the founder of
modern academic discipline of anthropology. Tylor belonged to a generation of academics and was
raised in a religious family. He was a well–educated individual who began his own career in
fieldwork in Mexico and ended up receiving and honorary doctorate from Oxford University where
he was the keeper of the Museum. He eventually became the first Professor of Anthropology in
Britain and later retired in 1909. Tylor had made different opinions on religion. He defined culture
as a complex whole that consists of many attributes. Tylor also came up with an evolutionary view.
This view was concerning culture and development and the fact that animism was ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These two concepts are very similar to the beliefs of Hinduism. In Hinduism, they believe to
continue life after death. To understand this concept you have to first grasp the idea of the soul. In
Hinduism people believe in the existence of the soul. They believe the soul to be external, invisible
and unchanging. Atman in Hinduism means soul in English. The believed the concept of soul
(atman) to be very important in human life. Just like Animism the atman or soul is a crucial part of
the human body and controls the power within. Animism is closely related to the concepts of
Hinduism. In Hinduism most individuals believe that there is life after death, and that the
soul(atman) doesn't rest in peace if the spirit is displeased. As for Animism it has a similar concept.
The second dogma about Animism which is the upward to the rank of powerful deities is also a
similar theory comparing to Hinduism. Both theories believe in deities, which are is a supernatural,
immortal being.
According to Tylor he also believed that their sprits and souls not only existed in people but also
existed in animals, plants and inanimate objects. He pictured these souls as vapors or shadows going
from one body to another. This

Animism In Sub-Saharan Africa
Figure...
6–1– Many Faiths An Austin church welcomes leaders of many faiths on Thanksgiving.
6–2– Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet The palace that the Dalai Lamas lived in until 1959.
6–3– World Distribution of Religions Distribution of Christianity, Islam, other universalizing
religions, and ethnic religions throughout the world.
6–4– Adherents of World Religions Pie chart showing percentages of adherents to various world
religions.
6–5– Distribution of Christians Europe, the Western Hemisphere, South Pacific, and some African
countries are predominantly Christian.
6–6– Percentage of Faiths in the United States 14.8% of Americans have no religion, 5.9% have
faiths other than Christianity, and the rest are Christians.
6–7– Distribution of Christians ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6–21– Diffusion of Buddhism Buddhism diffused from N India to China, Korea, and Japan, where it
became more popular.
6–22– Distribution of Jews, 1910 and 2010 In 1910, most Jews lived in Russia and by 2010, the
same percentage lived in Israel instead.
6–23– Buddhist Pagoda, Sarnath, India The oldest surviving Buddhist structure is the Dhamek
pagoda.
6–24– Baha'i Houses of Worship Shrine of the Bab in Israel.
6–25– Sikh Golden Temple of Amritsar, India The most holy Sikh structure is the Darbar Sahib.
6–26– Holy Places in Buddhism Most holy sites in Buddhism are in N India and Nepal.
6–27– Bo Tree, Bodh Gaya, India A Buddhist monk meditates where Buddha reached perfect
wisdom.
6–28– Sleeping Buddha, Kusinagara The sleeping Buddha statue shows where Buddha reached
nirvana.
6–29– Masjid Al–Haram, Makkah, Saudi Arabia The holiest Islamic object is the Ka'ba in the
Masjid al–Haram.
6–30– Bathing in the Ganges, Hardwar, India According to Hinduism, bathing in the Ganges River
is purifying.
6–31– Stonehenge Stonehenge was built in England several thousand years ago.
6–32– Sunrise on the Solstice at Stonehenge The stones of Stonehenge align with the sun on the

Batak And Chokwe

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Erin Thompson

More from Erin Thompson (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Batak And Chokwe