2. Place utility People want to maximise the satisfaction they gain from the place where they live. This is place utility. When people are considering relocating they will evaluate the place utility of the different options. If people are behaving rationally they should live where the place utility is maximised within the constraints of their expenditure.
3. Factors that influence how users find the locations that best meet their needs. Centrality – In theory the centre is the most accessible location. Accessibility – After the centre the most accessible locations are found beside major transport routes. Ring roads and arterial roads. Mobility – Depends on type of transport used. Car, bicycle, public transport. Proximity – Some land uses repel or deter others. Thos3e who can afford to may locate away from polluting factories. Clustering – Similar land uses may cluster together. Similar shops (jewellers) or leisure facilities (bars and nightclubs). Also residential areas with ethnic grouping or lifestyle or income grouping.
4. Positive and negative externalities The results of activities by an individual, group or institution which affect the welfare of others are known as externalities. Positive externalities; nice beach or good local school Negative externalities; factory producing air pollution or drunken fighting outside pubs Usually richer residents can benefit more from positive externalities and avoid the negative externalities. Therefore divisions can be increased in city and the society become more polarised.
5. Amenities and disamenities Amenities - Urban services which satisfy people’s needs or improve the quality of life and the environment. Disamenities – Features of the city which people want to avoid. NIMBYism – Not in my back yard. People avoiding proximity to disamenties and other features which they feel reduces the satisfaction they get from living in a place.
6. Access Is it possible for people to use the urban services they wish to? Different sectors of society; age, wealth, ethnic group. What is stopping them? Physical access? Social access? Economic access?
