Integrated Science M1 More tools used in Science - Microscope

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More Tools used in ScienceMore Tools used in Science
BEGINBEGIN
Integrated Science
Module 1  Unit 1  Lesson 3b)

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Size of CellsSize of Cells
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
This slide presentation is for the lesson for:
Module 1Unit 1 Lesson 3
Some Tools used in Science
In it, you will examine one of the tools that scientists
use regularly to observe the internal structure of very
small objects such as a cell i.e., the Compound
Light Microscope.
You will learn about its parts, care and get practice in
how to use it correctly to see magnified (enlarged)
images of specimens.
You can access the topics in the Menu.
2

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
 The smallest objects that the unaided human eye
can see are about 0.1 mm long. A magnifying
glass can help you to see objects somewhat
better, but they will still look tiny with no structures
seen.
 For seeing the structure of cells, you must use an
instrument that can give a clear, magnified image
– i.e., a microscope!
 Click and watch up to 2.40 to find out a little of the
history of microscopes at >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYNThPzh03c&list=PL
3

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
This presentation will enable you to:
show an understanding that many structures,
e.g. cells, viruses, are too small to be seen with the
unaided eye.
identify a compound light microscope as an
important tool commonly used in science
investigations.
identify the parts of a compound light microscope
and the function of each part.
demonstrate the correct use and care of a
microscope.
work amicably with others.
4

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Activity 3.1 – How big is a cell?Activity 3.1 – How big is a cell?
When you look at the skin on
your hand, can you see cells?
1. Use your pen to mark a dot on your hand.
Is a cell bigger than that dot? No??
Is a cell smaller than the dot, then?
If so, how many cells do you think are present at that
spot?
How could you see cells at that spot on your hand?
5
Image Source: http://www.sciencephotogallery.co.uk/image/human-skin-sem_1041169.jpg

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Size of Cells -Size of Cells -
Activity 3.1 How big is a cell?Activity 3.1 How big is a cell?
You know the size of rice grains; do you think a ‘typical’
cell is bigger or smaller than a rice grain?
2. Click on the link for ‘Cell size and scale’ at >
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
3. Now press the button at the left on the bar below the
pictures, then slowly slide it to the right. Watch!
Aren’t you surprised at seeing more pictures there?
4. Look for the cell; compare it’s size to the rice grain.
How big is one of the cells on your hand?
Tell your teacher! What you think!
5. For the answer, look at slide 7. Note the arrows!
To see cells, we need a tool called a microscopemicroscope – either
a compound light or an electron one.
6

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
7
Why we need microscopesWhy we need microscopes!!
From > http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Parts of a Light MicroscopeParts of a Light Microscope
IntroductionIntroduction
8
Hooke’s surprising observation using his microscope,
provided evidence that actually helped us learn about cells and
inspired The Cell Theory! Watch up to 2.24 at >
http://www.edurite.com/kbase/diagram-of-light-microscope
In 1665, a scientist named Robert Hooke made a microscope
and, while viewing slices of cork, he noticed that it was made up
of many small compartments, which he named ‘cellscells’…. because
they reminded him of the rooms (cells) in which monks lived and
of prison cells. Click to continue.Click to continue.
CellsCells
Hooke
Microscope

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
A compound microscopeA compound microscope
1. First, watch this video for a description of a light
microscope, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKA8_mif6-E
9
Let’s learn about a compound microscope!

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
A compound microscopeA compound microscope
All microscopes might not look the same, but they
have similar working parts! Make sure you identify all
the parts on your microscope.
2.Watch up to 1.10 to see or recall how to get out
and carry your microscope >
http://stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/htmlp
3.Now, carefully get out your group’s microscope.
Use this next video to find out how to use it >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUsJfttUZ-w
10
IntroductionIntroduction
Let’s learn about a compound microscope!

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Using the MicroscopeUsing the Microscope
When using the microscope to view objects:
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Position your microscope
properly on your desk or
table.
Position your microscope
properly on your desk or
table.
Do NOT swing your micro-
scope like a hand bag when
carrying it to your table!
Do NOT swing your micro-
scope like a hand bag when
carrying it to your table!
Always use a slide (with a cover slip) placed on the stage and held
in position by the clips. Look through the eyepiece and select the
objective while, at the same time, you focus with the coarse then
fine adjustment knobs until you get a sharp, well-lit image.
Always use a slide (with a cover slip) placed on the stage and held
in position by the clips. Look through the eyepiece and select the
objective while, at the same time, you focus with the coarse then
fine adjustment knobs until you get a sharp, well-lit image.
Image: http://www.inmagine.com/faa055/faa055000258-photo

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Focussing the MicroscopeFocussing the Microscope
When focusing the microscope to view objects, use first
the lowestlowest power then go to high power objective.
12
Click & scroll to the diagram to see how light passes
through the objective and eyepiece lenses to enable image
formation, at >
http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-ws/microscopes/compoundscope.html
http://microscopesunlimited.com/microscope-care/
This is the 4X
Low, Low Power.
It has a red band.
This is the 4X
Low, Low Power.
It has a red band.
The objectives are
moved by turning
the revolving
nosepiece.
The 10X Low
Power objective
has a yellow band.
The 10X Low
Power objective
has a yellow band.
40X or High
Power objective
has a blue band.

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
1. Cut out a small letter ‘e’, place it the right way on a slide
with a cover slip on top. Try the first ‘Lab Exercises’ >
http://www1.broward.edu/~ssimpson/letterE.htm
Did you see that the microscope
forms an inverted image?
2. Try the second activity with three small pieces of
differently coloured threads, to see depth of focus.
3. To find out about magnification, Check >
http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-ws/microscopes/Magnification
4. Compare images at various magnifications at >
http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-w/microscopes/Images.html
13
Image: http://www.inmagine.com/faa055/faa055000258-photo

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Increasing the magnificationIncreasing the magnification
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At Left is what Human cheek cells would look like under
the X10 objective of a light microscope, then magnified
further (Right) using X 40 objective.

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
ResolutionResolution
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IntroductionIntroduction Increasing magnification decreases the resolution (clearness of
image) of the microscope. Look at the images of chloroplasts.
This is a photograph of a chloroplast in a plant
cell (taken with an electron microscope).
Magnification increased with no
change in resolution.
Resolution is increased with
no change in magnification.
Note that much more detail of
the internal structure of the
chloroplast is now shown.
http://assets.cambridge.org/97805217/17632/excerpt/9780521717632_excerpt.pdf
NOTE

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Slide PreparationSlide Preparation
Watch >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGBgABLEV4g&list=PLE8A77E3
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Can you just place cells/specimens
on the microscope to see them?
Can you just place cells/specimens
on the microscope to see them? NO!NO!
To see any object, a slide is prepared.To see any object, a slide is prepared.
Click below and watch how that is done>
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHnndVuaync&feature=related
(Onion & Human cheek cells)

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
17
http://www.inmagine.com/dp033/dp1822133-photo
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/botany_130/Plant_cell/Elodea.html
Before drawing anything,
ALWAYS check a
diagram of what you’re
supposed to see to make
sure you’ve focused on
the correct thing and are
not just looking at your
own eyelashes!
Before drawing anything,
ALWAYS check a
diagram of what you’re
supposed to see to make
sure you’ve focused on
the correct thing and are
not just looking at your
own eyelashes!
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1.htm#cheek

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
When going to focus a slide:
FIRST … check a diagram/photo, to make sure you know
exactly what you should be seeing when the slide is correctly
focused.
To check slides to focus now, look at these:
Gp. 1 & 4 - Look at Computer A = Find ‘Ameoba’ as shown at
0.2 > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA
 Gp. 2 & 7 – Look at Computer B = Find two differently shaped
cells as shown at ‘Buttercup Guard cells’ >
http://www.goscienceseven.com/cells/plantcellphoto.htm
Gp. 3 & 6 – Look at Computer C = Find two different cells from
‘Human Blood smear’, shown on slide 3 at >
http://www.slideshare.net/TeaNonikashvili/1-human-blood-smear
Gp. 5 & 8 – Look at Computer D = Find two central cells
stained red from the Root centre, shown on slide 114 at >
http://www.sttss.edu.hk/biology/photomicrograph/114.jpg
18Image: http://www.inmagine.com/faa055/faa055000258-photo

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of a MicroscopeTaking care of a Microscope
1. Remove the slide, clean it, and return
it to the slide box/shelf.
2. Shut down the microscope by turning
off the power to the lamp and unplugging
the cord.
3. Unscrew the eyepiece and objectives.
Clean each with lens paper/wipes on
which you tip a few drops of lens
cleaner, starting with the lowest power
objective and working to the highest,
then cleaning the eyepiece lens.
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When you’ve finished using a microscope …When you’ve finished using a microscope …

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of a MicroscopeTaking care of a Microscope
4. Once you have cleaned each objective
and eyepiece lens, clean each a second
time with dry lens paper.
5. Wrap the electric cord neatly (if there is
one).
6. Cover the microscope with its dust
cover.
7. Then, using both hands, grasp the
microscope by its base and arm and
gently return it to its cabinet.
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When you’ve finished using a microscope …When you’ve finished using a microscope …

XXXX
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
QUICK REVIEWQUICK REVIEW
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Most microscopes have the same 'structural' components although at first
they might appear to be different! Name the parts & their function.
Feedback
1 = Ocular lens or eyepiece - magnifies the image
produced by the objective lens.
2 = Objective turret or Revolving nose piece to
hold multiple objective lenses;
3 = Objective - Each objective lens forms the
primary magnified image of the specimen that comes
to focus near the top of the microscope tube just
below the eyepiece.
4 = Coarse adjustment focus wheel to move the
stage with the specimen for focusing;
5 = Fine adjustment wheel/knob - focusing
6 = Frame
7 = Light source - either a light or a mirror.
8 = Diaphragm controls the diameter of the light
beam emerging from the condenser lens;
9 = Stage on which slide/sample is placed.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_microscope
CHECK ANSWERSCHECK ANSWERS

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Parts of a Light
Microscope
Parts of a Light
Microscope
REVIEWREVIEW
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Focussing the
Microscope for
Viewing
Taking care of
your Microscope
Taking care of
your Microscope
REFERENCES/CREDITSREFERENCES/CREDITS
 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale
 http://www.edurite.com/kbase/diagram-of-light-microscope
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKA8_mif6-E
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUsJfttUZ-w
 http://www1.broward.edu/~ssimpson/letterE.htm
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXAgbSzEADQ&feature=related
 http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-ws/microscopes/Magnification.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Optical_microscope_nikon_alphaphot_%2B.jpg
 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/
 http://www.tutorvista.com/biology/microscope-parts-and-functions
 http://www.inmagine.com/faa055/faa055000258-photo
 http://www.inmagine.com/dp033/dp1822133-photo
 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/botany_130/Plant_cell/Elodea.html
 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1.htm#onion
 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1.htm#cheek
 http://www.nphsscience.com/lockwood/BioH/HANDOUTS/HANDOUT-BiologicalDrawings.pdf
 http://www-pvhs.stjohns.k12.fl.us/teachers/lyonss/FOV1-00031ECD/FOV1-0003A5AA/FOV1-
0005AD8A/Guidelines%20for%20Acceptable%20Biological%20Drawings.pdf?Templates=RWD
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMIU1fkIPQs&list=PLE8A77E32A39A6BC9
 http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-ws/microscopes/selftest.html
 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/photsyn1.htm#light
 http://www.sciencephotogallery.co.uk/image/human-skin-sem_1041169.jpg
 http://education.denniskunkel.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1123
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