1) The document discusses power quality issues related to distributed generation, including the impact on voltage levels, voltage dips, frequency stability, and harmonics. 2) Possible solutions to power quality problems include smart transformers, curtailment of active power, using reactive power, demand response and energy storage technologies. 3) Standards for generators, voltage dips, harmonic contribution, and propagation of harmonics in networks are examined. The problems of supraharmonics are also addressed. 4) The concept of "Smart Installations" from IEC 60364-8-1 is introduced as being about smart systems that incorporate energy management, power factor control, and limits on harmonic currents and voltages.

1. Prof. dr. ir. Sjef Cobben
The “Power Quality” Context

2. Power Quality: Phenomena and Responsibilities

3. Smart grids - Smart InstallationsTSO
DSO

4. The impact of DG on voltage level (MV and LV-level)

5. Possible solutions (1): The smart transformer
Un or depending on smart meter data

6. Possible solutions (2): Curtailment of active power
Passive curtailment (70% of PV-peak) Depending on voltage level
70%

7. Possible solutions (3): Reactive power when R/X is small
Active power
Reactive power
• Only effective when R/X is small
• More losses in network
• Higher S needed for inverter

8. Possible solutions (4): Demand response/storage
• Balancing production and load
• Energy management
• No-break system
• Harmonic filter
• Reducing voltage variations
• MMM

9. Impact on frequency/stability of the network

10. PAGE 10
European codes: Frequency:2019-08-09

11. RfG-code: Requirements for Generators (1)
Measurements could check the response of generators (Ravi)

12. Impact on voltage dips (1)
HV
MV

13. Impact on voltage dips (EHV and HV) and MV
What is the impact on voltage dip profiles and fast voltage variations(Roozbeh)
2 3

14. Impact on harmonics: Calculating acceptable contribution
POC

15. Harmonic contribution at PCC
There are 2 contributions
1) Emission connected party (due to Ic)
2) Background harmonic voltage (Vbck)
POC

16. Calculating the contribution to harmonic voltages
H order fmin fmax a-R a-X b-R b-X c-R c-X d-R d-X e-R e-X f-R f-X
1 ≤ h < 5 10 250 0.2 7.2 9.2 33.5 25.5 33.5 25.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8
5 ≤ h < 10 200 500 3.9 31.2 26.3 55.5 60.2 55.5 60.2 -5.6 15.3 -5.6 3.9 12.0
10 ≤ h <
18 450 935 6.3 48.9 46.2 85.1 144.1 85.1 144.1 -57.6 52.4 -57.6 6.3 -20.0
18 ≤ h <
23 810 1210 4.9 51.8 48.1 91.4 137.5 91.4 137.5 -47.4 32.4 -47.4 4.9 -5.9
23 ≤ h ≤
25 1035 1375 4.9 43.9 25.5 91.4 161.1 91.4 161.1 -24.9 43.2 -24.9 4.9 -2.3
POC

17. Approach of harmonic calculation in MV- and LV-networks
Propagation of harmonics in the network (Stanislav)

18. The problem of supraharmonics
Propagation and limits of supraharmonics (Tim)

19. Smart Installations (IEC 60364-8-1)
Safe
Practical
Efficient
Smart
Reliable
Active
It is about Smart Systems (not smart grid or smart installations)

20. Smart Installations (IEC 60364-8-1)
Energymanagement
Supply system
Sizing of conductors
…………
Power Factor
Harmonic currents and voltages
………..
Classification on efficiency

21. Harmonic currents and voltages

22. Smart grid + Smart Installation = Smart System