Classification of amino acids oVERVIEW OF AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS BIOSYNTHESIS OF GLUTAMATE AND GLUTAMINE Proline biosynthesis

1. Classification of amino acids
PRESENTED BY:
PRASHANT VC
DEPT OF ZOOLOGY
GUK

5. Biosynthesis of Glutamate & Glutamine

6. Proline biosynthesis

8. Urea cycle
Arginine
biosynthesis
ornithine
N acetylornithinase

10. Biosynthesis of serine & glycine

11. Biosynthesis of cysteine

13. Oxaloaectate to Asp, Asp to Asn

14. Asp to Met

15. Asp
To
Lys

16. Asp
To
Thr

17. Threonine
Pyruvate
To
Ile

18. Pyruvate to Val & Leu

20. Pyruvate to Ala

23. Chorismate synthesis
Tryptophan synthesis

24. Chorismate
to Trp

25. 1. Chorismate mutase
2. Prephenate dehydratse
Chorismate
to Tyr

26. 1. Chorismate mutase
3. Prephenate dehydratase
Chorismate
to Phe

31. Regulation of amino acid biosynthesis
1. Feed back inhibition:
Example:
a) Isoleucine biosynthesis: Threonine dehydratase is inhibited by Ile.
b) Tryptophan biosynthesis: Trp inhibits enzyme complex involved in
first two two reaction of chorismate to Trp synthesis.

33. Sequential feedback control:

34. Concerted feedback control

35. Cumulative feedback control
• In this mechanism, the first common step (A → B) is partially inhibited
by each of the final products, which act independently of the other.
• Suppose that a high level of Y decreased the rate of the A → B step
from 100 to 70 s−1 and that Z alone decreased the rate from 100 to
30 s−1. Then, the rate of the A → B step in the presence of high levels
of Y and Z would be (0.7 × 0.3 × 100 s−1) or 21 s−1.
• Example of cumulative feedback control is in the bacterial synthesis of
glutamine from glutamate, NH4+ and ATP which is regulated by
glutamine synthetase

37. pyruvate