This document provides an introduction to medical ethics, discussing why ethics have become important in healthcare, key principles of medical ethics such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It describes what ethics are and are not, outlining that ethics refer to moral standards of behavior. The document then discusses topics like informed consent, ethics committees, clinical ethics, and codes of medical ethics like the Declaration of Geneva and Hippocratic Oath. In under 3 sentences, the document provides an overview of key concepts in medical ethics for healthcare professionals.
Medical ethics deals with moral principles that guide clinical practice and relationships. It considers the choices and actions of both medical practitioners and patients in light of duties and obligations. There are several core principles of medical ethics including respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, confidentiality, and veracity. These principles guide informed consent processes and the patient-practitioner relationship. Upholding ethics is important for maintaining trust between the medical field and society.
This document provides an overview of medical ethics. It discusses the principles of medical ethics including non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and social responsibility. Important ethical codes for the medical profession are outlined such as the Hippocratic Oath, Declaration of Geneva, and the Indian Medical Council Regulations. Breaches of medical ethics include professional misconduct and malpractice. Medical ethics is an important topic to ensure high ethical standards in healthcare.
Medical ethics aims to define right and wrong in medical practice. It draws on ethical theories like consequentialism, deontology, and situational ethics. Key principles of medical ethics include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and informed consent. Doctors have a duty to treat patients compassionately and respect their rights and privacy. Ethical issues arise when there are conflicts between values or responsibilities. Medical ethics provides frameworks for resolving dilemmas in a fair and just manner.
Ethics in healthcare go beyond what is legal and provide moral guidelines to assist in complex decision making. Some examples of ethical issues include deciding who receives organ transplants, discontinuing life support, and how much care to provide uninsured patients. Ethics principles include doing no harm, preserving life, treating all patients equally, respecting patient choices, and maintaining professional standards of care. Patients have rights to considerate care, informed consent, privacy, and participation in advanced directives to refuse treatment.
Now-a-days public are expecting Skills, Knowledge as well as Ethical behaviour from Doctors. This PPT gives the 2 basic principles of Bio-ethics in brief & apt form
introduction to medical ethics and bioethicsRamiAboali
This document discusses medical ethics and legal medicine. It begins by defining ethics, morality, values, and their relationship. It then discusses the principles of medical ethics including autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, non-maleficence, and justice. The document reviews several important historical documents in medical ethics like the Hippocratic Oath, Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Geneva, and others. It also outlines the duties and responsibilities of physicians to their patients, colleagues, and the public. The document provides definitions for health from the World Health Organization.
This powerpoint covers the topics that pertain to the ethics of the medical fields and how they are used. We have provided articles, videos, and pictures for better understanding.
This presentation was given for the staff of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, 11-14 May, 2016 Its content included: Professionalism: Approaches and Dimensions of professionalism Doctor’s Professional Relationships and Duties Saudi Code of Ethics for Medical Practitioners Conflict of Interests (COI)
DISCLAIMER: This presentation is based on the Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents Citation: Hussein GM, Kasule OH, Al-Kaabba AF. Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents. Ware J, Kattan T, editors. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2015
Medical ethics deals with moral principles that guide clinical practice and relationships. It considers the choices and actions of both medical practitioners and patients in light of duties and obligations. There are several core principles of medical ethics including respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, confidentiality, and veracity. These principles guide informed consent processes and the patient-practitioner relationship. Upholding ethics is important for maintaining trust between the medical field and society.
This document provides an overview of medical ethics. It discusses the principles of medical ethics including non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and social responsibility. Important ethical codes for the medical profession are outlined such as the Hippocratic Oath, Declaration of Geneva, and the Indian Medical Council Regulations. Breaches of medical ethics include professional misconduct and malpractice. Medical ethics is an important topic to ensure high ethical standards in healthcare.
Medical ethics aims to define right and wrong in medical practice. It draws on ethical theories like consequentialism, deontology, and situational ethics. Key principles of medical ethics include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and informed consent. Doctors have a duty to treat patients compassionately and respect their rights and privacy. Ethical issues arise when there are conflicts between values or responsibilities. Medical ethics provides frameworks for resolving dilemmas in a fair and just manner.
Ethics in healthcare go beyond what is legal and provide moral guidelines to assist in complex decision making. Some examples of ethical issues include deciding who receives organ transplants, discontinuing life support, and how much care to provide uninsured patients. Ethics principles include doing no harm, preserving life, treating all patients equally, respecting patient choices, and maintaining professional standards of care. Patients have rights to considerate care, informed consent, privacy, and participation in advanced directives to refuse treatment.
Now-a-days public are expecting Skills, Knowledge as well as Ethical behaviour from Doctors. This PPT gives the 2 basic principles of Bio-ethics in brief & apt form
introduction to medical ethics and bioethicsRamiAboali
This document discusses medical ethics and legal medicine. It begins by defining ethics, morality, values, and their relationship. It then discusses the principles of medical ethics including autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, non-maleficence, and justice. The document reviews several important historical documents in medical ethics like the Hippocratic Oath, Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Geneva, and others. It also outlines the duties and responsibilities of physicians to their patients, colleagues, and the public. The document provides definitions for health from the World Health Organization.
This powerpoint covers the topics that pertain to the ethics of the medical fields and how they are used. We have provided articles, videos, and pictures for better understanding.
This presentation was given for the staff of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, 11-14 May, 2016 Its content included: Professionalism: Approaches and Dimensions of professionalism Doctor’s Professional Relationships and Duties Saudi Code of Ethics for Medical Practitioners Conflict of Interests (COI)
DISCLAIMER: This presentation is based on the Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents Citation: Hussein GM, Kasule OH, Al-Kaabba AF. Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents. Ware J, Kattan T, editors. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2015
This document discusses medical ethics and provides information on several related topics:
- It defines medical ethics as moral principles that guide medical practice and relationships between medical professionals and patients.
- Several historical milestones in the development of medical ethics codes are mentioned, such as the Hippocratic Oath from 460-377 BC and the World Medical Association's adoption of an International Code of Medical Ethics in 1949.
- Key principles of medical ethics are outlined, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, truth, confidentiality, social responsibility, and justice.
- Doctors' duties to patients related to care, respect, communication, competence, honesty, and confidentiality are summarized.
The document discusses the relationship between doctors and patients. It notes that the ideal relationship is one of mutual partnership and equality in decision making, with excellent communication. It provides guidance on best practices for communication, including actively listening to patients, avoiding medical jargon, maintaining a positive attitude, and being clear when delivering bad news. The document also outlines the rights and responsibilities of both doctors and patients in ensuring proper informed consent, confidentiality, and respect.
Teaching medical ethics for undergraduate medical studentsDr Ghaiath Hussein
The document discusses teaching medical ethics to undergraduate medical students by non-specialized staff. It outlines the workshop which will introduce key concepts in ethics, discuss the need to teach ethics and what topics to cover, and provide practical guidance on teaching ethics. The workshop will not provide a ready-made prescription, but rather introduce participants to fundamental concepts and considerations for developing ethics curriculum. It will also address challenges in teaching and evaluating ethics.
The document discusses several ethical principles in healthcare including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It also reviews issues around patient competence, capacity, consent and best interests. Guidelines are provided around withdrawing treatment, Do Not Attempt Resuscitation orders, and considering a patient's wishes based on advance directives or views of family members when a patient lacks capacity.
The document discusses several issues in medical ethics raised by new technologies, including who decides whether a patient lives or dies, the boundaries of medical research, and obtaining informed consent. It notes that medical research and patient care have different standards for consent. Key considerations for ethical medical research are obtaining informed consent from subjects, properly assessing risks and benefits, and fair selection of subjects without biases or marginalization. The document also discusses opinions on medical futility, emergency treatment without consent, and allowing clinical trials.
This document discusses various topics relating to medical ethics theories and principles, including:
- The scope of ethics in medical practice and various theories like deontological and consequentialist.
- Key principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, truth-telling, confidentiality, and preservation of life.
- Issues around euthanasia, living wills, resource allocation, and contraception for minors.
This document provides an introduction to ethics and bioethics. It discusses key concepts in ethics like different approaches to determining right and wrong (consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics) and factors that influence ethical decisions. It then defines bioethics and introduces important bioethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The relationship between ethics, law, and professional practice is also examined. The goal is to gain a basic understanding of ethics and how it applies to issues in healthcare.
This document provides an introduction to medical ethics, including key concepts and principles. It discusses how ethics guides moral decision making in medicine. Medical ethics refers to the values and standards that govern relationships between physicians and patients, colleagues, and society. Some core principles of medical ethics include beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and confidentiality. Throughout history, various codes of conduct have been developed to articulate ethical guidelines for physicians.
Legal issues regularly arise in emergency medicine. Doctors have a duty of care to provide treatment that is in the patient's best interests and of an appropriate standard. Valid consent requires the patient be competent, receive full disclosure of risks/benefits, and freely agree to treatment. Doctors must assess a patient's capacity to consent using functional tests of their understanding. Privacy and confidentiality principles also apply but have exceptions like mandatory reporting. Proper documentation is important to demonstrate reasonable care was provided to avoid negligence claims.
Lecture 13 privacy, confidentiality and medical recordsDr Ghaiath Hussein
A lecture on privacy, confidentiality and medical records delivered to Alfarabi Medical College undergraduate medical students in the week starting 27.11.2016
This document discusses medical law and ethics in India. It defines key terms like medical practitioner and patient. It outlines the rights and duties of medical practitioners, including the right to refuse treatment, the right to be reimbursed for services, and the duty to maintain patient confidentiality. The duties of patients are also discussed, such as the duty to disclose information and cooperate with treatment. Medical practitioner-patient contracts and standards of reasonable care are covered as well.
This document discusses the history and principles of healthcare ethics. It outlines key events that led to the establishment of international ethical standards for research involving human subjects, such as the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki. The four main principles of healthcare ethics are also presented: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. A case study example shows how a doctor must consider all these principles when making decisions about a patient's treatment.
This document discusses ethical principles in pharmacology, including nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity, and avoidance of killing. It provides an overview of social ethics and principles of maximizing total net benefits. It also discusses how the principles of justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity and avoidance of killing are more individual ethical concerns important in traditional clinical healthcare ethics when acting on one patient. Finally, it focuses on the principle of veracity, or dealing honestly with patients, and how various codes of ethics address the duty of pharmacists to tell patients the truth.
This document discusses key concepts in medical ethics including:
1. The four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficience, and justice.
2. Informed consent and respect for patient autonomy are fundamental, such as allowing patients to refuse blood transfusions based on their beliefs.
3. The principle of non-maleficience means "first, do no harm" and requires medical competence to avoid intentionally harming patients.
Medical ethics refers to the system of values that guide medical practice and the relationship between doctors and patients. The key principles of medical ethics include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and confidentiality. Medical ethics aims to improve patient care by identifying and resolving ethical issues that arise in practice. It establishes standards of conduct for doctors in their relationships with patients, colleagues, and society.
The document outlines the legal rights and responsibilities of patients. It discusses the origins of patient rights in medical codes of ethics. Key patient rights include the right to considerate care, information about diagnosis/treatment, privacy/confidentiality, and refusing to participate in experiments. The document also discusses avenues for filing complaints, such as medical councils, consumer courts, civil courts, and criminal courts. Finally, it lists patient responsibilities like following treatment plans and making prompt payments.
Based on their family history, it would be beneficial to screen both Sami and Samir for diabetes and hypertension. This screening would help detect any underlying conditions early and allow for treatment to prevent future harm. Screening them aligns with the principles of beneficence to promote their health and well-being, as well as non-maleficence to avoid any potential future harm from undiagnosed conditions.
This document discusses various topics related to medical ethics. It begins by noting that doctors are generally respected and trusted, but this trust may fade without conscious efforts to preserve ethics. Later sections discuss the definition of medical ethics and how it deals with moral principles for interactions between doctors, patients, and society. Key principles of medical ethics discussed include beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, dignity, and truthfulness. The document also examines concepts like professionalism, the doctor-patient relationship, informed consent, and medical negligence.
This document discusses various laws related to medical negligence in India. It outlines the key principles from acts like the Contract Act 1872, Law of Torts, Consumer Protection Act 1986, and the Indian Penal Code 1860 as they relate to medical negligence cases. It also summarizes several important court cases that have helped define the duty of care expected from doctors and analyzed defenses against allegations of negligence.
Medical Ethics is what every physician and healthcare worker should know. We need to understand Ethics and its application in various cultures, societies and its changes according to norms and values. Once society will be given health education regarding Medical Ethics many issues can be resolved in a decent manner. It ultimately gives a very positive impression of all the actions which a healthcare worker performs otherwise at times seems inappropriate by society. This is not for the sake of healthcare worker or for the patients it is primarily for the whole community.
What are the rights of patient? role of ethical committee and parameters of a physician all need to be addressed properly.
This document provides an overview of medical ethics and its principles. It begins with introducing the concept of medical ethics, its importance and branches. It then discusses in detail the key principles of medical ethics - autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, non-maleficence, and justice. It also outlines various ethical codes and regulations that guide medical practice, including the Hippocratic Oath, Declaration of Geneva, and ICMR guidelines. The document concludes by discussing public health ethics, research ethics, and punishment for misconduct.
This document discusses the history and principles of bioethics. It begins by explaining how advances in medicine raised new moral issues that ethicists worked to address. Notable cases of unethical human subject research helped establish principles like informed consent and respect for persons. Guidelines like the Nuremberg Code aimed to prevent future abuses. The document then examines key bioethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. It explores how these principles guide issues like informed consent, respecting patient values, avoiding harm, and fair allocation of resources. The challenges of applying principles to complex real-world cases are also discussed.
This document discusses medical ethics and provides information on several related topics:
- It defines medical ethics as moral principles that guide medical practice and relationships between medical professionals and patients.
- Several historical milestones in the development of medical ethics codes are mentioned, such as the Hippocratic Oath from 460-377 BC and the World Medical Association's adoption of an International Code of Medical Ethics in 1949.
- Key principles of medical ethics are outlined, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, truth, confidentiality, social responsibility, and justice.
- Doctors' duties to patients related to care, respect, communication, competence, honesty, and confidentiality are summarized.
The document discusses the relationship between doctors and patients. It notes that the ideal relationship is one of mutual partnership and equality in decision making, with excellent communication. It provides guidance on best practices for communication, including actively listening to patients, avoiding medical jargon, maintaining a positive attitude, and being clear when delivering bad news. The document also outlines the rights and responsibilities of both doctors and patients in ensuring proper informed consent, confidentiality, and respect.
Teaching medical ethics for undergraduate medical studentsDr Ghaiath Hussein
The document discusses teaching medical ethics to undergraduate medical students by non-specialized staff. It outlines the workshop which will introduce key concepts in ethics, discuss the need to teach ethics and what topics to cover, and provide practical guidance on teaching ethics. The workshop will not provide a ready-made prescription, but rather introduce participants to fundamental concepts and considerations for developing ethics curriculum. It will also address challenges in teaching and evaluating ethics.
The document discusses several ethical principles in healthcare including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It also reviews issues around patient competence, capacity, consent and best interests. Guidelines are provided around withdrawing treatment, Do Not Attempt Resuscitation orders, and considering a patient's wishes based on advance directives or views of family members when a patient lacks capacity.
The document discusses several issues in medical ethics raised by new technologies, including who decides whether a patient lives or dies, the boundaries of medical research, and obtaining informed consent. It notes that medical research and patient care have different standards for consent. Key considerations for ethical medical research are obtaining informed consent from subjects, properly assessing risks and benefits, and fair selection of subjects without biases or marginalization. The document also discusses opinions on medical futility, emergency treatment without consent, and allowing clinical trials.
This document discusses various topics relating to medical ethics theories and principles, including:
- The scope of ethics in medical practice and various theories like deontological and consequentialist.
- Key principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, truth-telling, confidentiality, and preservation of life.
- Issues around euthanasia, living wills, resource allocation, and contraception for minors.
This document provides an introduction to ethics and bioethics. It discusses key concepts in ethics like different approaches to determining right and wrong (consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics) and factors that influence ethical decisions. It then defines bioethics and introduces important bioethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The relationship between ethics, law, and professional practice is also examined. The goal is to gain a basic understanding of ethics and how it applies to issues in healthcare.
This document provides an introduction to medical ethics, including key concepts and principles. It discusses how ethics guides moral decision making in medicine. Medical ethics refers to the values and standards that govern relationships between physicians and patients, colleagues, and society. Some core principles of medical ethics include beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and confidentiality. Throughout history, various codes of conduct have been developed to articulate ethical guidelines for physicians.
Legal issues regularly arise in emergency medicine. Doctors have a duty of care to provide treatment that is in the patient's best interests and of an appropriate standard. Valid consent requires the patient be competent, receive full disclosure of risks/benefits, and freely agree to treatment. Doctors must assess a patient's capacity to consent using functional tests of their understanding. Privacy and confidentiality principles also apply but have exceptions like mandatory reporting. Proper documentation is important to demonstrate reasonable care was provided to avoid negligence claims.
Lecture 13 privacy, confidentiality and medical recordsDr Ghaiath Hussein
A lecture on privacy, confidentiality and medical records delivered to Alfarabi Medical College undergraduate medical students in the week starting 27.11.2016
This document discusses medical law and ethics in India. It defines key terms like medical practitioner and patient. It outlines the rights and duties of medical practitioners, including the right to refuse treatment, the right to be reimbursed for services, and the duty to maintain patient confidentiality. The duties of patients are also discussed, such as the duty to disclose information and cooperate with treatment. Medical practitioner-patient contracts and standards of reasonable care are covered as well.
This document discusses the history and principles of healthcare ethics. It outlines key events that led to the establishment of international ethical standards for research involving human subjects, such as the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki. The four main principles of healthcare ethics are also presented: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. A case study example shows how a doctor must consider all these principles when making decisions about a patient's treatment.
This document discusses ethical principles in pharmacology, including nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity, and avoidance of killing. It provides an overview of social ethics and principles of maximizing total net benefits. It also discusses how the principles of justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity and avoidance of killing are more individual ethical concerns important in traditional clinical healthcare ethics when acting on one patient. Finally, it focuses on the principle of veracity, or dealing honestly with patients, and how various codes of ethics address the duty of pharmacists to tell patients the truth.
This document discusses key concepts in medical ethics including:
1. The four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficience, and justice.
2. Informed consent and respect for patient autonomy are fundamental, such as allowing patients to refuse blood transfusions based on their beliefs.
3. The principle of non-maleficience means "first, do no harm" and requires medical competence to avoid intentionally harming patients.
Medical ethics refers to the system of values that guide medical practice and the relationship between doctors and patients. The key principles of medical ethics include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and confidentiality. Medical ethics aims to improve patient care by identifying and resolving ethical issues that arise in practice. It establishes standards of conduct for doctors in their relationships with patients, colleagues, and society.
The document outlines the legal rights and responsibilities of patients. It discusses the origins of patient rights in medical codes of ethics. Key patient rights include the right to considerate care, information about diagnosis/treatment, privacy/confidentiality, and refusing to participate in experiments. The document also discusses avenues for filing complaints, such as medical councils, consumer courts, civil courts, and criminal courts. Finally, it lists patient responsibilities like following treatment plans and making prompt payments.
Based on their family history, it would be beneficial to screen both Sami and Samir for diabetes and hypertension. This screening would help detect any underlying conditions early and allow for treatment to prevent future harm. Screening them aligns with the principles of beneficence to promote their health and well-being, as well as non-maleficence to avoid any potential future harm from undiagnosed conditions.
This document discusses various topics related to medical ethics. It begins by noting that doctors are generally respected and trusted, but this trust may fade without conscious efforts to preserve ethics. Later sections discuss the definition of medical ethics and how it deals with moral principles for interactions between doctors, patients, and society. Key principles of medical ethics discussed include beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, dignity, and truthfulness. The document also examines concepts like professionalism, the doctor-patient relationship, informed consent, and medical negligence.
This document discusses various laws related to medical negligence in India. It outlines the key principles from acts like the Contract Act 1872, Law of Torts, Consumer Protection Act 1986, and the Indian Penal Code 1860 as they relate to medical negligence cases. It also summarizes several important court cases that have helped define the duty of care expected from doctors and analyzed defenses against allegations of negligence.
Medical Ethics is what every physician and healthcare worker should know. We need to understand Ethics and its application in various cultures, societies and its changes according to norms and values. Once society will be given health education regarding Medical Ethics many issues can be resolved in a decent manner. It ultimately gives a very positive impression of all the actions which a healthcare worker performs otherwise at times seems inappropriate by society. This is not for the sake of healthcare worker or for the patients it is primarily for the whole community.
What are the rights of patient? role of ethical committee and parameters of a physician all need to be addressed properly.
This document provides an overview of medical ethics and its principles. It begins with introducing the concept of medical ethics, its importance and branches. It then discusses in detail the key principles of medical ethics - autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, non-maleficence, and justice. It also outlines various ethical codes and regulations that guide medical practice, including the Hippocratic Oath, Declaration of Geneva, and ICMR guidelines. The document concludes by discussing public health ethics, research ethics, and punishment for misconduct.
This document discusses the history and principles of bioethics. It begins by explaining how advances in medicine raised new moral issues that ethicists worked to address. Notable cases of unethical human subject research helped establish principles like informed consent and respect for persons. Guidelines like the Nuremberg Code aimed to prevent future abuses. The document then examines key bioethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. It explores how these principles guide issues like informed consent, respecting patient values, avoiding harm, and fair allocation of resources. The challenges of applying principles to complex real-world cases are also discussed.
This document discusses medical ethics and ethical issues in public health. It begins with background on the history of medical ethics and the high esteem doctors have held. It defines ethics as moral principles and rules of conduct. The four main principles of medical ethics are discussed as beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Several ethical issues in everyday medical practice and current problems like AIDS, abortion, and euthanasia are examined. Ethical issues specific to public health like immunization, water fluoridation, and infectious diseases are also analyzed through case studies. The document concludes that representative and consensus-based processes should guide decisions on ethical issues in public health.
This document presents a proposed medical ethics curriculum for family medicine resident physicians. It identifies the need for such a curriculum given the increasingly complex ethical issues that arise in medical practice. The curriculum is designed to help residents develop both technical competency and moral competency. It recommends using a case-based approach with sessions led by an ethicist or trained instructor. Goals and objectives are outlined along with a sample syllabus containing various session plans focused on key ethical topics. Assessment methods are discussed to evaluate residents' ethical knowledge and professionalism.
This document discusses medical ethics and the ethical codes that govern medical practice. It provides definitions of ethics, medical ethics, and bioethics. It also outlines the key principles of professional ethics for medical technologists in the Philippines, including upholding the law, treating patient information confidentially, advancing the profession, and reporting any violations of ethical standards.
This document provides an overview of medical ethics from an Islamic perspective. It discusses key definitions in ethics, bioethics and medical ethics. It also outlines some of the main approaches to medical ethics from Western philosophies as well as comparing them to Islamic ethics. The principles of intention, certainty, injury, hardship and custom are explained as part of the Islamic methodology for analyzing and resolving ethical issues in healthcare. Contact information is also provided for the author to learn more about Islamic bioethics.
The document discusses medical ethics in research proposals and outlines the history and development of ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects. It provides an overview of key documents that have shaped ethical standards, including the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and guidelines from the World Health Organization and Indian Council of Medical Research. The document also describes the composition, responsibilities, standard operating procedures, and training requirements for Institutional Ethics Committees that review research proposals.
This document provides an overview of medical ethics concepts including definitions of ethics, bioethics, and medical ethics. It discusses both western and Islamic approaches to ethics and ethical analysis. Tools and frameworks for resolving ethical issues are presented, including the 4 boxes model and CASES approach. An example case involving patient Dax Cowart refusing treatment is described for group analysis and discussion using these different analytical frameworks.
Theories, frameworks, and concepts in nursingBrownDonna
This document discusses nursing theories, frameworks, and concepts. It begins by asking what nursing is and how theory can help us understand our practice. The document then discusses different types of nursing theories, from grand theories that are broad in scope to middle-range and practice theories that focus on specific phenomena or situations. It provides examples of different theories. The document concludes by discussing Story Theory and how it can be used as a framework to guide the nurse-patient relationship and health-promoting process by collecting stories about health situations important to the patient.
OUTLINE:
Definition of ethics, bioethics and medical ethics.
What is an ethical issue in healthcare?
International approaches to medical ethics
Islamic approaches to medical ethics
This document discusses key values and concepts in medical ethics, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, informed consent, and justice. It provides historical context on the development of medical ethics as a field. It notes that while values like autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence provide a framework, they do not always give clear answers when they conflict in a particular situation, creating ethical dilemmas.
This document discusses the relationship between public health, human rights, and medical ethics. It defines key concepts like human rights, medical ethics, and public health ethics. Human rights are rights that belong to all people and cannot be taken away. Medical ethics focuses on moral principles in medicine while public health ethics considers population health issues. The document examines how human rights violations can impact health by increasing exposure, acquisition, and transmission of diseases. It emphasizes building capacity and using technology and rational behaviors to improve situations where health rights are not fully enjoyed.
Medical ethics in China can be traced back to ancient times when an independent medical profession developed during the Zhou Dynasty. Ancient physicians emphasized experience over magic and paid attention to prognosis and whether a patient was treatable. During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism shaped Chinese culture and medicine, emphasizing benevolence or universal love and treating all patients equally regardless of status. These traditional values of caring for patients and virtue continue to influence medical ethics in China today alongside introduced Western theories and standards.
The document discusses ethical issues and principles in healthcare, including:
- The importance of ethics first being recognized with Hippocrates' oath 2500 years ago.
- Professional codes of ethics set standards for different healthcare professions to promote patient welfare.
- Laws are often based on ethical principles to enforce standards around issues like confidentiality, though sometimes laws conflict with personal ethics like on abortion.
- Healthcare workers should follow legal standards for patient care even if it conflicts with their own ethics.
- Organ transplants involve complex ethical decisions around who receives donated organs.
This document discusses the philosophy of bioethics and medical ethics. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to explain bioethics/medical ethics, basic principles, the Hippocratic oath, the role of bioethics in medicine, and how to identify and address bioethical issues. The document then covers the history and definitions of ethics, medical ethics, and bioethics. It discusses the four main principles of bioethics and examines ethics codes like the Declaration of Helsinki. It also analyzes the Hippocratic oath, the oath of Indonesian doctors, and the importance of swearing such oaths upon graduating as a physician.
This document discusses ethics from two perspectives. First, it defines ethics as well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe obligations to society through virtues, rights, and prohibitions against harmful acts. Second, it defines ethics as the study and development of one's moral standards to ensure they are well-reasoned and that individuals and institutions uphold these standards. It then discusses the ethical process of gathering information through experience, understanding it, and making reasoned judgments.
Ethics involves moral standards that govern behavior and determine what is good versus bad. Ethical behavior follows principles of moral reasoning and can vary across cultures. Upholding ethics in business requires balancing universal moral standards with local cultural norms. Many factors influence individual and organizational ethics, including moral development, values, leadership, and structural influences within a company.
This document discusses medical ethics and key concepts. It defines ethics as a system of moral principles that affect decision making. Medical ethics applies these principles to medicine and considers patients' rights and welfare. The four basic principles of medical ethics are respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Effective communication is important for maintaining ethics and professionalism in healthcare. Anesthesiologists must thoughtfully communicate with patients throughout the perioperative process to respect patient autonomy and fulfill their professional duties.
This chapter discusses ethics and ethical decision-making in nursing informatics. It introduces various theoretical approaches to healthcare ethics like principlism, casuistry, virtue ethics, and care ethics. New technologies are creating new ethical dilemmas around issues like privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent. The chapter advocates using ethical decision-making models and the nursing code of ethics to navigate these challenges. As healthcare and information technologies continue advancing, it is crucial for professionals to make judicious, ethical decisions.
UNIT- 03- Ethical principles and theories.pptxSadiqAliChandio
This document discusses ethical principles and theories relevant to nursing. It begins by listing 10 key ethical principles: respect for persons, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, fidelity, accountability, veracity, rights, and confidentiality. It then examines 5 common ethical theories - teleology, deontology, intuitionism, ethics of caring, and situational theory. The document also discusses ethical codes, the differences between dilemmas and ethical dilemmas, examples of ethical dilemmas nurses may face, and a 5-step process for ethical decision making.
EMPHNET Public Health Ethics (PHE): Introduction to public health ethics (phe)Dr Ghaiath Hussein
This is a series of presentations I gave in the Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET)'s Public Health Ethics (PHE) course that was held in Amman in June 2014.
It is a revised introduction to public health ethics.
Topics that are included in here:
1. Definition of ethics.
2. Types of ethics.
3. Ethics Vs Law.
4. The Hippocrates Oath.
it better to think as Consequentialism that it good for you and your job as a healthcare.
Have you ever heard the basic principles of Ethics and their importance let check today from this ppt.
Every patient customer should be informed that your clinic or hospital has what we call the quality assurance program.
This document discusses the basic principles of medical ethics. It begins by explaining what ethics are not, such as feelings, religion, or laws. Ethics are based on moral principles of what is good/bad and right/wrong. The document then outlines four basic principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own healthcare decisions. Beneficence means acting in the patient's best interest. Non-maleficence means doing no harm. And justice concerns the fair distribution of healthcare resources. These principles guide how healthcare providers should act and make decisions regarding patient care.
This document discusses the basic principles of medical ethics. It begins by explaining what ethics are not, such as feelings, religion, or laws. Ethics are based on moral principles of what is good/bad and right/wrong. The document then outlines four basic principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own healthcare decisions. Beneficence means acting in the patient's best interest. Non-maleficence means doing no harm. And justice concerns the fair distribution of healthcare resources. These principles guide how healthcare providers should act and make decisions regarding patient care.
Medical ethics-principles (2).pptMedical ethics-principles (2).pptMedical eth...anukshadias2
This document discusses the basic principles of medical ethics. It begins by explaining what ethics are not, such as feelings, religion, or laws. Ethics are based on moral principles of what is good/bad and right/wrong. The document then outlines four basic principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own healthcare decisions. Beneficence means acting in the patient's best interest. Non-maleficence means doing no harm. And justice concerns the fair distribution of healthcare resources. These principles guide how healthcare providers should act and make decisions regarding patient care.
Session 1 introduction to ethics convertedsherkamalshah
This document provides an introduction to nursing ethics. It defines key terms like morals, ethics, values, beliefs, and attitudes. It discusses important ethical concepts like ethical dilemmas, principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It also identifies common nursing ethics dilemmas and discusses the importance and role of ethics in nursing practice.
This document discusses medical ethics and its principles. It begins by defining ethics and medical ethics, noting that medical ethics deals with moral issues in medical practice. It then outlines four basic principles of medical ethics: respect for patient autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The document also discusses public health ethics, research ethics, and some top ethical issues in healthcare such as balancing care quality and access. It emphasizes that quality care is built upon ethical standards and principles.
ethical committee, needs of nursing ethics, code of ethics, purposes of code of ethics, laws , types of laws, torts , laws in nursing , responsibility of nurses in law , classification of torts
This document discusses various topics relating to medical ethics. It begins by defining ethics as a system of moral principles that guide decision making and life. It then discusses ethics dilemmas, defining medical ethics as applying moral values and judgments to medicine. The basic principles of medical ethics are respecting patient autonomy, avoiding harm, benefiting patients, and justice. It notes increasing conflicts between various stakeholders in healthcare. The document compares ethics and morality, noting ethics are external rules while morality refers to personal principles. It distinguishes between ethics, laws, and professional ethics in healthcare. Finally, it defines bioethics, clinical ethics, and provides examples of issues addressed in clinical ethics like informed consent and end of life care.
Description on The ppt on health ethics 2.pptmailtorajanr
This document discusses various topics relating to medical ethics. It begins by defining ethics as a system of moral principles that guide decision making and life. It then discusses ethics dilemmas, defining medical ethics as applying moral values and judgments to medicine. The basic principles of medical ethics are outlined as respecting patient autonomy, avoiding harm, benefiting patients, and justice. The document notes increasing complex conflicts between various medical stakeholders and the need for a new code of ethics to address issues in modern medicine like brain death, organ transplantation, and quality of life. It concludes by distinguishing ethics, morality, laws, and the various fields of professional ethics, medical ethics, bioethics, and clinical ethics.
(1) Ethics in critical care nursing is based on four principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Nurses face many ethical issues in critical care related to informed consent, treatment decisions, and resource allocation.
(2) Bioethics examines ethical issues in healthcare and research. Key bioethical principles for nurses include non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice, veracity, and fidelity. The ANA Code of Ethics guides nurses' ethical responsibilities.
(3) Ethics committees help resolve ethical problems through multidisciplinary discussion and frameworks for decision-making. Nurses advocate for patients and collaborate in dilemmas regarding treatment limits, allocation
This document discusses ethics in psychiatry, covering topics such as basic ethical principles like respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. It also discusses specific issues like sexual boundary violations, informed consent, voluntary vs involuntary treatment, and confidentiality. The objectives of professional ethics are to provide guidelines for conduct among professionals and in dealing with patients. Approaching ethical dilemmas requires recognizing issues, gathering expertise, and identifying risks. The Indian Psychiatric Society code of ethics from 1989 outlines principles like maintaining competence and prioritizing patient welfare.
Nursing ethics involves balancing core values like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. Nurses must consider their own values as well as patient values to make ethical decisions. This can involve clarifying values that may harm a patient's health or resolving conflicts between priorities. Ethical issues arise from technological and social changes, requiring nurses to navigate competing obligations. The nursing code of ethics provides guidance for upholding principles like patient advocacy and consent while delivering culturally-sensitive care.
This document discusses key concepts in nursing ethics including values, morals, ethics, laws, codes of ethics, ethical dilemmas, and principles of ethics such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, fidelity. It provides an overview of nurses' rights and responsibilities as well as legal liability issues around negligence, informed consent, and malpractice. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics outlines 9 provisions for ethical nursing practice focusing on compassion, patient advocacy, quality care, professional growth, and accountability.
EMPHNET-PHE course: Module03 ethical issues in surveillance, screening and ou...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
This is a series of presentations I gave in the Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET)'s Public Health Ethics (PHE) that was held in Amman in June 2014.
This presentation outlines the ethical issues related to surveillance, screening, and outbreak investigation.
This document provides an introduction to healthcare ethics, discussing key concepts like ethical issues, principles of biomedical ethics, and broad philosophical theories of ethics. It defines an ethical issue as when one has to judge right from wrong in making difficult choices between options. Some major ethical issues in healthcare discussed are respecting patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and distributing scarce resources fairly. It also outlines four key ethical principles - autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice - and four ethical rules - veracity, privacy, confidentiality, and fidelity. Utilitarianism and deontology are presented as two broad philosophical approaches to ethics.
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The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
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TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
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4. • Nowadays, conflicts of interests between
the government & medical institutions,
between medical institutions and medical
personnel, between physicians and
patients are getting more and more
serious and complex.
Why Ethics Become Important?
5. • High technologies not only brought
us hopes of cure but have also
created a heavy economic burden.
• The ethical dilemmas of high
technology medicine-brain death,
organ transplantation, and concerns
about quality of life-have become
increasingly prominent.
6. Ethics are not …
• Ethics is not the same as feelings
• Ethics is not religion
• Ethics is not following the law
• Ethics is not following culturally
accepted norms
• Ethics is not science
7. Ethics are …
• Moral Principles
• What is good and bad
• What is right and wrong
• Based on value system
• Ethical norms are not
universal – depends on the sub
culture of the society
8. Ethics are …
Ethics refers to standards of behavior
that tell us how human beings ought
to act in the many situations in
which they find themselves
as friends, parents, children, citizens,
businesspeople, teachers,
professionals, and so on.
10. What is Ethics?
• Ethics are standards of conduct (or social
norms) that prescribe behavior.
• Ethics as a field of study is a normative
discipline whose main goals are prescriptive
and evaluative rather than descriptive and
explanatory.
• So Ethicists are different from social
scientists.
• Ethicists (or moral philosophers) study
standards of conduct.
11. Four basic Principles of
Medical Ethics
• Autonomy
• Beneficence
• Non maleficience
• Justice
13. Beneficence
►Literally being charitable or doing
good
►Performing care so as to maximise
patient wellbeing
►Exercising clinical judgement
►Going beyond the minimum
standards required
14. Beneficence
• The practitioner should
act in “the best interest”
of the patient - the
procedure be provided
with the intent of doing
good to the patient
15. • This needs health care
provider to,
-Develop and maintain skills
& knowledge by continually
updating training
- Consider individual
circumstances of all patients
16. Non maleficence
• “Above all, do no
harm,“ – Make sure that
the procedure does not
harm the patient or
others in society
18. Medical malpractice
• An act or omission by a
health care provider
that deviates from
accepted standards of
practice in the medical
community which
causes injury to the
patient.
20. Justice
• The distribution of scarce health
resources, and the decision of who
gets what treatment “fairness and
equality”
• The burdens and benefits of new or
experimental treatments must be
distributed equally among all groups
in society
22. Other factors
►Patient expectations
►Family expectations
►Genuine uncertainty
►Wishes of patient
►Wishes of family
►Cultural values
►Religious values
►Preferences of
professionals
►Power balance within the
healthcare team
►Trust policies
►Financial issues
►Legal issues
23. To distinguish between Ethics and Policy
• Political standards focus on the conduct of groups
or social institutions, whereas ethical and moral
standards focus on the conduct of individuals.
• Political standards take a macro-perspective on
human affairs; ethical and moral standards adopt a
micro-perspective.
• However, the distinction between ethics and
politics is not absolute since many actions,
institutions, and situations can be evaluated from
an ethical or political point of view.
24. Professional Ethics
• Professional ethics are standards of conduct that apply
to people who occupy a professional occupation or role.
• A person who enters a profession acquires ethical
obligations because society trusts them to provide valuable
goods and services that cannot be provided unless their
conduct conforms to certain standards.
• Professionals who fail to live up to their ethical obligations
betray this trust.
• Professional ethics studied by ethicists include medical
ethics.
25. Medical ethics
• The expressions “professional ethics” and
“medical ethics” were coined by Thomas
Percival.
• Medical ethics is a special kind of ethics
only as it relates to a particular realm of
facts and concerns and not because it
embodies or appeals to some special moral
principles or methodology.
26. Bioethics
• Bioethics could be defined as the study
of ethical issues and decision-making
associated with the use of living
organisms
• Bioethics includes both medical ethics
and environmental ethics.
• Bioethics is learning how to balance
different benefits, risks and duties.
27. Clinical ethics
Clinical ethics is a
practical discipline that
provides a structured
approach for
identifying ,analyzing, and
resolving ethical issues in
clinical medicine.
28. • Clinical medical ethics is a practical &
applied discipline that aims to improve
patient care and patient outcomes by
focusing on reaching a right and good
decision in individual cases.
• It focuses on the doctor-patient relationship
and takes account of the ethical and legal
issues that patients, doctors, and hospitals
must address to reach good decisions for
individual patients.
29. • Clinical ethics emphasizes that in
practicing good clinical medicine,
physicians must combine scientific
and technical abilities with ethical
concerns for the personal values of
the patients who seek their help.
30. The content of clinical
ethics includes
• specific issues such as truth-telling, informed
consent, end of life care, palliative care,
allocation of clinical resources, and the ethics
of medical research.
• the study of the doctor-patient relationship,
including such issues as honesty, competence,
integrity, and respect for persons.
31. Ethical Issues in
Modern Healthcare
In modern healthcare and research, value conflicts arise
where often there appears to be no clear consensus as to
the “Right thing to do.” These conflicts present
problems requiring moral decisions, and
necessitates a choice between two or more
alternatives.
Examples:
• Should a parent have a right to refuse immunizations for
his or her child?
• Does public safety supersede an individual’s right?
32. Ethical Questions, Cont.
• Should children with serious birth defects be kept
alive?
• Should a woman be allowed an abortion for any
reason?
• Should terrorists be tortured to gain information
possibly saving hundreds of lives?
• Should health care workers be required to receive
small pox vaccination?
• Who should get the finite number of organs for
transplantation?
33. Ethical Theories:
Ideas and Actions
• Deontology (duty)
• Consequentialism (actions)
• Virtue Ethics/Intuition (morals
and values)
Beliefs
• Rights Ethics (individuality and
the American culture)
34. Two questions when faced
with a dilemma:
• Behavior: What should I do?
• Motivation: Why should I do it?
35. What Are Ethical Principles,
and How Do They Help
With Decision Making?
39. Fidelity
• Strict observance of promises or
duties.
• This principle, as well as other
principles, should be honored by
both provider and client.
40. Ethical Communication
• How to explore positive
communication techniques which
can be used in obtaining consent
for treatments (Feature Benefit
Check)!
41. Ethics Committees
• Decision making in health care often
involves more than just medical
facts of the case
• Ethical principles and values will be
the determining factor in which
course of action to take.
• Many health care facilities have
established Ethics committees.
42. Ethics Committees
• Found in most health care facility’s
• Usually Ten to Twelve members
• Multidisciplinary members
– A representative from the Board of dirctor
– The Administrator
– A physician
– An area clergy
– A Social Worker
– A Judge
– An Ethic ist (Usually a philosophy or
Sociology professor)
– Lay persons from the community
43. Functions of the Committee
• Education
– To committee members themselves
– Continuing education and inservice to
facility’s staff
– To the community
44. Functions continued
• Development and review of laws,
standards of care, institutional
policies and guidelines
– About withdrawing and withholding
nutrition and hydration
– Do Not Resuscitate
– Utilization of facility’s/communities
resources
45. Functions continued
• Case Consultation with:
– Family members
– Patients
– Health care providers
– Staff
46. Case Consultation May:
– Provides information about ethical
principles relevant to the case under
discussion
– Help clarify what options are open
– Provide information about relevant
policies of the facility
– Make a recommendation that is
advisory in nature
47. Changing Scope of Ethics
Committees
• Committees are expanding their scope
of their activity to include
organizational ethics, considering
questions regarding:
– Finances
– Administration
– Organization
– Human Resource
48. Informed Consent
Origins of the Informed Consent Doctrine
• Right to be free from nonconsensual interference with
one’s person
• Morally wrong to force one to act against his or her will
• Serves six functions
– Protect individual autonomy
– Protect patient status as human being
– Encourage physicians to carefully consider decisions
– Avoid fraud or duress
– Foster rational decision-making by patients
– Increase public involvement in medicine
49. Informed Consent
Legal framework for Informed Consent
• Historically was based on “Battery Theory”
– Unwanted touching
– Not operative today in almost all jurisdictions
– May be operative if there is no consent at all (i.e.
operating on the wrong knee)
• Negligence: Operative in virtually all
jurisdictions
– Prima facie case based on:
• Duty to disclose information
• Failure to disclose (unless statutory exception
met)
• If information had been disclosed, patient
would not have consented to procedure
• Injury and damages
50. Informed Consent
Duty to disclose standards
• Professional Standard
– Physician has disclosed information that a
reasonable or prudent doctor would have
disclosed under similar circumstances
• Patient-need standard
– What a reasonable person would want to know;
information that would be material to a patient
• States with statutes usually adopt the
“Professional Standard”
• Case law is split 50-50 on which standard to
follow
51. Informed Consent
What must be disclosed
• The condition or diagnosis
• Nature and purpose of treatment
• Risk of treatment
• Treatment alternatives which includes:
– Things that are already known
– Things that everybody should know
– Option of no treatment
– All alternatives do not have to be
disclosed
52. Informed Consent
Exceptions to the General Rule of Disclosure
• Patient is unconscious or otherwise incapable of
consenting (Emergency treatment)
– Harm from failure to treat is imminent
– Outweighs any harm threatened by proposed
treatment
• Therapeutic Privilege
– Risk disclosure poses such a threat of detriment to a
patient as to become unfeasible or contraindicated
from a medical point of view
– Does not accept the paternalistic notion that the
physician may remain silent because divulgence
might prompt the patient to forego therapy the doctor
believes the patient must receive
53. Informed Consent
Causation Issues
• Disclosure of information would have caused the
patient to refuse to undergo the treatment
– Subjective: The patient states that if s/he had known,
s/he would have refused the intervention. This
standard is impossible to prove because anyone could
say they would have refused if they had known
something they claim was not disclosed.
– Objective: One must prove that a reasonable patient
would not have agreed to the intervention if s/he had
known.
• Most states have adopted the objective standard
54. World Medical Association
Declaration of Geneva
• I SOLEMNLY PLEDGE to consecrate my life to the service of humanity;
• I WILL GIVE to my teachers the respect and gratitude that is their due;
• I WILL PRACTISE my profession with conscience and dignity;
• THE HEALTH OF MY PATIENT will be my first consideration;
• I WILL RESPECT the secrets that are confided in me, even after the patient has died;
• I WILL MAINTAIN by all the means in my power, the honour and the noble traditions of
the medical profession;
• MY COLLEAGUES will be my sisters and brothers;
• I WILL NOT PERMIT considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin,
gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, social standing or any
other factor to intervene between my duty and my patient;
• I WILL MAINTAIN the utmost respect for human life;
• I WILL NOT USE my medical knowledge to violate human rights and civil liberties, even
under threat;
• I MAKE THESE PROMISES solemnly, freely and upon my
55. MEDICAL ETHICS CREATE
BETTER PHYSICIANS
55
Medical Ethics
VirtuesGood of the patient Excellent physician
Self understood goodBiological-medical good
56. GOOD PRACTICE YOU WILL
FLOURISH
• Basic template for professions:
• identify distinguishing characteristic
• Rank virtues for particular profession
• Define professional excellence
56
Ethics
Values Virtues Flourishing life
57. • WHAT IS YOUR CHOICE
MAKES DIFFERENCE ???
• Medicine is about : “Can we?”
• Ethics is about: “Should we?”
57
58. Created by Dr Md. Yunus
for Learning & Development of Post
Graduate Medical Student
Email: drmdyunus@hotmail.com
Web: www.neigrihms.nic.in