The document discusses creativity as a form of self-expression. It defines creativity and explores historical perspectives on creativity in education. Key figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow believed individual creativity is a form of self-expression. Rogers argued that denying creativity can lead to personality deficits. He felt people need freedom to experience and accept their feelings fully. Maslow linked self-actualization and creativity, seeing creativity as a process of personal development. The document advocates creating psychologically safe environments that encourage curiosity and foster personal growth, self-esteem, and motivation to support learner creativity.

1. CREATIVITY AS
EXPRESSION
PART 1A

2. AIM
• TO UNDERSTAND CREATIVITY AS EXPRESSION

3. DEFINITION
• CREATIVITY is defined as the tendency to
generate or recognize ideas, alternatives,
or possibilities that may be useful in
solving problems, communicating with
others, and entertaining ourselves and
others.

4. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
• CREATIVE SELF- EXPRESSION WAS NOT PART OF
EDUCATION
• NINETEENTH CENTURY EDUCATIONALISTS SUCH AS
PESTALOZZI AND MONTESSORI ESPOUSED THE ROLE OF
CREATIVE ACTIVITIES TO ALLOW EXPRESSION

5. CREATIVITY AS SELF EXPRESSION
• BELIEF THAT INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY IS A FORM OF SELF-
EXPRESSION – US PSYCHOLOGISTS CARL ROGERS AND
ABRAHAM MASLOW

6. CARL ROGERS( 1954)
• ABSENCE OF CREATIVITY IN MODERN SOCIETY LEADS TO
PERSONALITY DEFICITS
• DENIAL
• DEFENSIVENESS
• RIGIDITY IN THINKING
• FRUSTRATION

7. CAROL ROGERS (1954)
• IN ORDER TO DEVELOP INTEGRATED PERSONALITIES PEOPLE
MUST BE:
• OPEN THEMSELVES MORE TO EXPERIENCE
• RESPOND AND ADAPT TO EXPERIENCE
• ACCEPT THEIR FEELINGS FULLY

8. EDUCATION AND CREATIVITY
• EDUCATION HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO WORK WITH THE
HOLISTIC PERSON.
• BY PROVISION FOR THE DESIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL SELF-
EXPRESSION AND FULFILMENT

9. • KEN ROBINSON’S TED TALK HERE

10. EDUCATION SHOULD..
• PLAY WITH IDEAS
• PROMOTE AN INTERNAL ‘LOCUS OF EVALUATION’

11. ENVIRONMENT AND CREATIVITY
• PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND FREEDOM
• PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY – THE CHILD’S TRUST IN THE
ABILITY TO EXPRESS EMOTION SAFELY, AND IN RESPONSE OF
OTHERS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM – THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE
CHILD’S CURIOSITY, DECISION-MAKING AND QUESTIONING
• PARENTS WHO PROVIDE THIS ENVIRONMENT TEND TO
HAVE CHILDREN WHO ARE MORE CREATIVE
(HARRINGTON ET AL. 1992:204)

12. MASLOW
• MASLOW LINKED SELF ACTUALISATION AND CREATIVITY
• ‘THEY MAY TURN OUT TO BE THE SAME THING’ (1971:57)
• MASLOW – CREATIVITY NOT ABOUT CREATING PRODUCTS,
ACHIEVEMENTS OR SOLVING PROBLEMS.
• CREATIVITY AS A PROCESS THAT DEVELOPED THE PERSON,
ALLOWING SELF-ACCEPTANCE, SELF-ESTEEM, AUTONOMY,
DETACHMENT, PROBLEM-CENTRING AND THE EXPRESSION
OF EMOTION.

14. SELF-ACTUALISATION
• CREATIVITY IN THE CLASSROOM SHOULD
• FOSTER PERSONAL GROWTH
• FOSTER CREATIVE ACTIVITY
• SELF-ESTEEM – FEELING OF WORTH ABOUT ONESELF
• SELF-EFFICACY – FEELING THE CAPABILITY TO DO SOMETHING
• MOTIVATION AND INNATE DRIVE EVEN WHEN THINGS ARE
DIFFICULT

15. EVERYDAY CREATIVITY
• EXERCISED IN OUR EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES: COOKING MEAL,
HOBBIES, AND FINDING SOLUTIONS
• DOES NOT LEAD TO PARADIGMS IN A DOMAIN -
BREAKTHROUGH THINKING OR SOLUTIONS THAT CHANGE
THE DOMAIN
• EXPRESSION OF CREATIVITY CAN BE HEALING
• LITTLE ‘C’ CREATIVITY

16. HEALING CREATIVITY
• THE HEALING AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF CREATIVE
ENGAGEMENT; MEDICINE AND PSYCHIATRY
• ARTS AND HEALTH VIDEO - CORK

17. • EXPRESSIVE WRITING
• FOR INTEGRATION OF MENTAL STRUCTURES
• INCREASE WORKING MEMORY

18. PROMOTING CREATIVITY
• CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE WHERE LEANERS CAN EXPRESS
THEIR FEELINGS
• VIEW CREATIVITY AS A PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT TOOL OF
SELF ACCEPTANCE
• SUPPORT LEARNER MOTIVATION AND SELF-ESTEEM
• HELP LEANERS TO APPRECIATE THEIR OWN CREATIVE
EFFICACY
• ENCOURAGE CURIOSITY, DECISION-MAKING AND
QUESTIONING

19. • ALLOW STUDENTS TO PERSONALIZE THEIR PROPERTY
• PROMOTE THE USE OF PERSONAL BLOGS AND JOURNALS
• INCLUDE LEARNING JOURNALS AS A COURSE REQUIREMENT
• TEACH REFLECTIVE WRITING TECHNIQUES
• PROVIDE MODELS OF EXPRESSIVE WRITING

20. THE FUNCTION OF VISUAL ARTS
• EARLY ARTS – CAVE PAINTING LASCAUX CAVE FRANCE
• RITUALISTIC AND MAGICAL

21. • MOVE TO REALISM BUT THEN PHOTOGRAPHS CAME ALONG
THEN MOVE TO EXPRESSION
• MID TWENTIETH CENTURY; MOVE FROM ARTIST AS
PROFESSIONAL TO EVERYONE CAN BE AN ARTIST

22. END
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