Motivated Employees Key to Success

Motivational Motivation
The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying reasons an employee is motivated to function
at his or her best. I am currently employed at the Erie County Board of Developmental Disabilities
(ECBDD). It is a public local governmental agency charged with providing support to individuals
with disabilities who qualify for services. The agency is funded through tax dollars at the local, state
and federal level. The annual operating budget is approximately $8,000,000, and seventy percent of
these dollars are collected through local property taxes.
The agency employs approximately fifty people that fall within three departments. One of the
departments is comprised of Service and Support Administrators (SSAs). The primary role of ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Currently, the SSAs are producing at an average of 65 percent of their time per month. They are not
meeting the 75 percent monthly productivity rate that has been established by the ECBDD. There is
a tangible cost to the agency due to the low productivity rates. The county board has the potential to
generate an additional $2,496,000 to $3,321,600 in revenue each year though TCM billable units.
This is significant for a non–profit agency that relies heavily on local property tax dollars for
funding. Because of this disengagement and lack of productivity, the board of directors are not
willing to approve addition positions for future SSAs until additional dollars are being generated
through the TCM process. Therefore caseloads will go up, SSAs are becoming frustrated and
individuals with disabilities may go without services.
"What people think, feel and do, in and around organizations is important for the organizations
financial health, survival, and success" (McShane &Von Glinow, 2012, p. 6). "There is a long–term
negative productivity development trend, where public employees perform less and less but
successfully demand more and more in salaries" (Lane, 2000, p. 42). This has historically been the
case. SSAs would receive a 2 to 3 percent increase in salary each year. However, today, any increase
in salary is tied to performance and productivity. If they do not achieve the expected 75 percent
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

St. Peterville City Case Study
1. The meeting I attended was the city of St. Augustine's special meeting to establish the city's fiscal
budget and millage rate for the upcoming year. It took place on September 22nd, at 5:05pm. The city
of St. Augustine holds its city commission meetings every second and fourth Monday of the month
in the Alcazar Room at City Hall, which is located at 75 King Street, St. Augustine, Florida. The
meeting's purpose was to establish the millage rate for the city and how allocate those funds into
budget for next year. The new millage rate of 7.500 mills was approved for the fiscal year of 2016–
2017, which is an increase of 5.47% from last year. Additionally, a new budget for the upcoming
year was also approved.
2. All of the city commissioners ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first concept illustrated by this meeting was the concept of effective management and planning
covered in module 6. By the accounts of residents, it is clear that the city has not been effective in
previous years, in planning the restoration and preservation of local roads. The city has not been
proactive in planning which streets should be repaired, when, or to what those repairs should be. A
common complaint of residents was that the city appeared to be content on postponing repairs when
it would be more convenient and cost–effective to handle the situation as soon as possible. I believe
St. Augustine should practice a more adaptive style of management and respond to changing
conditions. From listening to the meeting, it seems that the city originally underestimated the
problems plaguing their roads and decided that certain areas could stand to wait for repairs. From
the accounts of citizens, it is clear that philosophy is not going to stand anymore. In my opinion, I
think the city needs to be more proactive and handle the deteriorating condition of their roads a lot
sooner than later, and at the very least re–evaluate old plans. The second concept demonstrated was
collective action. Collective action is defined as a coordinated effort of several individuals or
groups, who cooperate to accomplish specific goals. What was originally just a basic meeting to
approve a budget quickly turned into a discussion on a major public issue due to the words of
several speakers.

New York Property Tax Case Study
The New York property tax problem has grown out of hand and now threatens the state's economic
growth. If New York wants to attract more businesses and residents to capitalize on the full potential
the state's new casinos will offer the state economically, it must reduce its overall tax burden. By
reducing their sky–high property taxes, it can lower some of the pressure placed on the state's
equally high income tax rates. Working to fulfill his campaign promise from 2011, New York's
Governor Andrew Cuomo proposed a $1.7 billion plan to reduce the amount New Yorkers pay in
income tax each year as well as reform the problematic state revenue source in January.
The Sky–High New York Property Tax
All of New York's tax rates are high (and confusing).

Essay on Education Policy in Michigan
An outdated education system is the largest problem Michigan faces because it affects not only the
present, but also the future of the state. Important issues cannot be solved, nor policies created to
remedy them, if the people attempting to solve them are not equipped with the skills and knowledge
needed to make informed decisions. The state cannot run itself, let alone the nation as a whole, if its'
people are uneducated. The Constitution, the very basis of our government, relies heavily on the
assumption that citizens of the United States are able to make knowledgeable and well–reasoned
decisions, the types of which cannot be made when a person does not receive a proper education.
This proper education is unattainable when low ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After several years of success, the required cuts along with economic woes rendered Proposal A
largely ineffective and unable to properly fund Michigan's schools, creating a massive problem in
the way Michigan school districts are to be funded, as well as developing a need for new educational
policy to supplement or overhaul Proposal A and the Michigan educational system. The educational
funding problem in Michigan takes root back in 1809, when the first public school was founded.
While funding was not an issue at the time, the way schools were funded through local property
taxes eventually created a large problem. Fast forward to 1985, Michigan has long moved past the
rural cities of the 1800's and into affluent suburbs and cities. The size and taxation pools of cities
have greatly changed from 1809 to 1985, but the way schools were funded remained exactly the
same. This lack of change led to a large disparity in school funding from richer districts to poorer
districts. Coupled together with local governments' inability to convince citizens to vote in favor of
millages and tax hikes, the disparity ballooned. In 1993, Bloomfield Hills ranked in the 99th
percentile of Michigan schools, was spending on average $10,294 per–student, while Standish
Sterling ranked in the bottom 1st percentile, spent $3,738 per–student, roughly a $6,500 difference
per–student (Roy 2003). This inconsistency greatly disadvantaged students all the way to 95th
percentile, where there

The Importance Of Property Tax In America
Your Property May be Worth More Than you Think The American suburban neighborhoods; a
symbol of true social euphoria. Well off suburbs with adequate parks, consistently maintained
streets, and up to par public facilities. Yet most important, residents who generally share the same
tax bracket, whose funds support everything from streets, facilities, and the public schools around
them. Furthermore, well off neighborhoods, contribute a larger amount of funds to their local public
schools through their local property taxes than public schools of the less advantaged. It was this
structure of localized funding that purported economic discrimination. As pointed out by John
Yinger in the text, Helping Children Left Behind; " The Supreme Court ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Allowing this to become a nationwide issue of social justice, which is taking place in the education
financial system.
However, there are too many discrepancies being ignored by the general public on the nature of
local property taxes and their role in public education. Therefore, using local funds to support local
schools of each designated district, allows for educational discrimination. Thus, it would seem
utmost important to the future of public education, in relation to funding, to end local taxing that
goes into the funding of school. Instead, public school funding should derive from the federal
income tax funds, to ensure every student who attends public education institutions to receive the
same amount of funds which are to be invested in their academic career. An idea also shared with
Brian Wilson, author of the article,"Raising Taxes for Education Is Not the Answer," as Wilson
states; " When money is short, leaders must raise taxes or create new ones to make up for what they
perceive as lost revenue. However, government should always resist the creation of a new tax unless
it replaces one that has been abolished"(Wilson,p.11). It simply would not seem fair to increase
federal tax for all just to help fund public schooling, considering that is the general purpose for local
property tax. That is why, it would seem most indispensable to remove local property taxes. The
majority of these funds go to maintaining and or upgrading public facilities, as

Read Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol
TARA BURKE FIELD DAY # 1 11/27/12 CHOICE # 1 Revised Read Savage Inequalities by
Jonathan Kozol. Kozol examines the inequities in school financing between Urban and suburban
schools, Chapter 3 (2 points) In 1964, the author, Jonathan Kozol, is a young man who works as a
teacher. Like many others at the time, the grade school where he teaches is segregated (teaching
only non–white students), understaffed, and in poor physical condition. Kozol ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Richer homeowners also get tax relief for paying their mortgages. Meanwhile, poor black areas are
dumping grounds for toxic waste and garbage, which benefit the wealthier citizens, but they tend to
be the only places poor non–whites can afford to live. Low properrty values result in badly funded,
dangerous schools. Wealthier whites avoid these public schools and move to suburbs where their
property taxes go toward building elegant public schools. Trier school is an example. It attracts a
highly trained staff, and boasts an Olympic swimming pool as well as other luxuries. An article
about this suburban school brags that most of the students in it are white. Kozol says that magnet
schools (special public schools built for the most talented students) seem like a good idea, but are
also unfair. The inner city disadvantaged non–white students usually don't provide head start
programs or educated parents who can help them push for admittance. Students of magnet schools
are mostly white. Disadvantaged students watch television and know they are being treated like
something less than human. This is savagely cruel. In the next area, New York, Kozol sees the same
pattern of filth, indifference and degradation. The difference between money spent in

The Pros And Cons Of School Funding
When local property taxes were the primary source of school funding, districts were financially
stable and were able to allocate funds for appropriate spendings. With the limitations set on property
taxes, school budgets became dependent on the state's fluctuating economy and tax collections.
Fortunately, in 1988, Proposition 98 was passed, which set a minimum base funding for public
schools. This proposition guaranteed funding that would grow each year with the changing economy
along with student enrollment. This funding, though managed by the state was a combination of
state General Fund and local property tax revenues.
LCFF
When the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) was adopted by California in 2013, educators
were hopeful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These eight priorities include: student achievement, school climate, basic services, implementation
of Common Core standards, student engagement, parental involvement, course access, and other
student outcomes (Koppich 2015). Though the LCFF was designed for local control, the state still
holds them accountable to meeting these goals.
Benefits to the LCFF Though some may believe that the implementation of LCFF is a disservice to
districts that may not have as many disadvantaged students or students of EL, others may see that
the LCFF model does, in fact, have more benefits than none. Through the LCFF, districts are now
required to communicate and collaborate with employees (administrators, teachers, personnel,
bargaining groups, students) and the community to develop the LCAP. According to EdSource, it
was found that the LCFF has "created an unprecedented level of engagement among school district
leaders, community leaders, parents, teachers, and students" (2016). Districts have more control in
how to spend these funds that align with what their needs are. As the LCFF purpose was to provide
more services/programs for EL Learners, foster youth, and low–income students, we find that this
system is not only a district decision, but also a community–based decision. The communities now
play a vital role in how allocated fundings are spent. This provides opportunities for

Exploring The Tax Treatment Of Deductions, Losses, Sales...
Investing in real estate has become increasingly popular over the last fifty years and has become a
common investment vehicle. Although the real estate market has plenty of opportunities for making
big gains, buying and owning real estate is a lot more complicated than investing in stocks and
bonds. It is pretty common for people using rental property to offset high expenses and provide
some cash flow. However, the tax effects on these transactions can be complex and not well
understood. This paper is focus on describing the tax treatment of deductions, losses, sales and
exchange for real property, especially a mixed–use rental property, where a property is used as a
personal residence as well as for rental purpose.
1. Types of Residential Property for tax purpose
For tax purpose, there are three types residential property, which are personal use, the mixed–use,
and rental use. The deductibility of the expenses and rental losses depend on the categorization of
the real property belong to. Therefore, it is important to understand the categorizations.
1) Personal
Obviously, if a real estate is used for personal purpose not for rental or business purposes, it is
personal use real estate. However, it is still personal use when a taxpayer rents out his or her
personal residence less than 15 days during a tax year. Under this situation, the taxpayer is not
required to report the rental income and may not deduct any rental expenses other than mortgage
interest and property

The Meeting I Attended Was The City Of St. Augustine 's...
1. The meeting I attended was the city of St. Augustine's special meeting to establish the city's fiscal
budget and millage rate for the year. It took place on September 22nd, at 5:05pm. The city of St.
Augustine holds its city commission meetings every second and fourth Monday of the month at
Alcazar Room in City Hall, which is located at 75 King Street, St. Augustine, FL. This meeting's
purpose was to establish the millage rate for the city and how to allocate those funds into a set
budget for the upcoming year. The new millage rate of 7.500 mills was approved for the fiscal year
of 2016–2017, which is an increase of 5.47% from last year, in addition to a new budget for the
upcoming year. 2. All of the city commissioners were present for the meeting, they include: Todd
Neville, Nancy Sikes–Kline, Leanna Freeman, Mayor, Nancy Shaver, and Vice Mayor, Roxanne
Horvath. At the meeting just about every type of group was represented, city residents of St.
Augustine, business owners, special interested groups, in particular the Clean Up the City of St.
Augustine initiative represented by Ed Salvin, and even a local Neighborhood Association
represented by its president Susan Rathbone was present. Almost all of the individuals I mentioned
attended the meeting to voice their belief that there should be an increase in the budget for
improvement of local roads. 3. The meeting I attended did offer an agenda but did not name a
chairperson. When the call to order was issued, there was

The Average Property Tax Rate
Antonio Gonzalez
USP 120
11 FEB 15
Instructor: Jack McGrory
Midterm
Proposition 13
Before 1978, the average property tax rate for a home in California was at a little less than 3% of the
assessed value of a home. There were no limits on annual increases for the tax rate or on the
individual 'ad valorem' charges; the taxes based on the assessed value of the property (Stoltman,
2013). During the early seventies the real estate market experienced dramatic growth and there was
a rapid escalation in the value of our homes. At this time assessors were required to keep assessed
values current. Because of such, property taxes were skyrocketing at a substantial rate. However,
increases in the assessed value were not made every year thus resulting in a major tax jolt for
homeowners every few years (California Tax Data, 2002). Prior to Proposition 13 local agencies
could independently establish their tax rates, and make the total property tax rate composite of the
individual rates with only few limitations. It was common in the late 1970's for homeowners to lose
their homes due to uncontrolled taxes. Essentially, before Prop. 13 if someone bought a home on a
block in the 1950's for $100,000 and someone else bought a home next door to you for $300,000,
your property tax would go up because the assessed value of your home would go up with the new
sold value, not with the price you paid for your home. This boom of the 70's ultimately gave rise to a
tax revolt that would aim to

Prince Georges County: Country Analysis
CAFR ANALYSIS PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY
I have seen many changes growing up in Prince Georges County (PG), a minority–dominated
county in Maryland. The government has spent a massive amount of money to revitalize the county.
This includes the $250.5 million transformation of Jack Kent Cooke Stadium (now FedEx Field)
and the massive $2 billion National Harbor project in Oxon Hill, MD[i]. There are rumors the
county plans to rename the crime–infested city of Landover, where I currently live, to Hyattsville, a
neighboring city, predicting that this will ease the bad repetition of this area. However, these
renovations and changes are only temporary solutions since they are only masking the problems that
put my home county deeper in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DEEP carries a low balance of expenditures totaling $567 to public safety with no expenditures
within the general government, public welfare and debt service accounts. However, PMS, DV, and
CC all carry expenditures. PMS has the balance of $150,572 in the general government expenditures
sector and DV has the balance of $303,401 in the public welfare sector. CC has a deficit expenditure
of $5,000 in general government despite not having any revenues for this fiscal year. Finally, DEEP
started with beginning year fund balance of $4,866,750 and ending year fund balance of $6,971,225,
which shows the fund, has increased more than $2 million. The other three program funds have
decreased.
Despite substantial support of DEEP by the state, it is mindboggling the crime rates continue to soar.
According to the PG Police Department, between the years of 2000 to 2004, PG has had an increase
of 23.1% in total crime. In addition, the county has a 62.8% increase in total crime between 1984
and 2004 relating to drugs and other illegal paraphernalia[iii]. These alarming statistics has lead
many to conclude that program funding is being distributed and executed improperly.
The pension fund has a great deficit when comparing assets and liabilities. The total number of tax
delinquencies has nearly tripled compared with prior years. According to the Schedule of Funding
Progress (Sch. Of FP,) the county has outstanding pension liability of $762,335,239[iv]. These
pension

The City Of The Golden State
Let's say you're a Californian who was born and raised in a major city in the Golden State. You just
graduated and received your bachelors in one of the many UC schools that the state offers. And now
you found a job that fits your career choice. So you decide to move out from your roommates place
and into a new home. Well thing is you probably won't be looking to lease a house but rather rent a
house or most likely an apartment. Back then especially before 1978 you could most certainly be
able to do this. But thanks to prop 13 stance on capping the states property tax measures, it's
extremely difficult to own a home in California. After 40 years in state law, prop 13 has released
some unfortunate effects on the young and lower income. Having to pay more in property taxes than
rent, it's a no brainer why many young Californians are moving out of here. On June 6th, 1978,
nearly two–thirds of California's voters passed a measure that would reduce property tax rates on
homes, businesses and farms by 57%. Many state residents were living with increasing property
taxes on the state. And a new proposition came, allowing property owners to reduce taxes on their
properties. Thus residents were able to use a rational principle towards achieving their goal.
However now, many new young people are turning away from home buying due to high property
taxes according to the California Legislative Analyst's Office. Today, this may seem as an eviction
notice but for some, proposition 13 is

Project Report On Budget Budgeting Essay
Projected Budgeting In this week's assignment paper, I am a manager of a property management and
I am to draft a memo to my employees to hand in a projected budget for the upcoming year. A
budget is a "financial plan to control future operations and results", to improve future performances
and attain a profit goal (Shim & Siegel, 2011). In order to create a great budget and get the best
results you must eliminate budget weaknesses such as unrealistic figures and different methods of
preparing budget (Shim & Siegel, 2011). In my memo, I am asking my employees for a short–term,
annual projected budget for the upcoming year. My goal is to make sure that my employees '
projected budget does now show weaknesses that will cause drastic changes to operations and
results by making sure their budget is realistic and does not go over budget cost. Even though a
projected budgeting is a forecast, it should be realistic and should consider what–if scenarios of both
intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the budget. Because I want a realistic projected budget, I expect my
employees to explain in their projected budget how they got their numbers and provide resources
(Shim & Siegel, 2011). I want my employees to use previous projected and actual budgets to come
up with the upcoming years projected budget as a resource do a thorough research to make sure their
data are accurate and as realistic as it can be and have facts to defend the data figure. I would also
like my employees to consider

Real Property Tax Assessment
This is the first in a series of articles written to inform the real property taxpayer how to appeal your
property tax assessment. Drawing upon my many years of experience in both the private and public
sector property tax business, I have written this article in general terms that apply to the many states
and counties in the US, and focused it on what everyone needs to know should you want to appeal
your property tax value.
Fair Market Value
All states base their assessed value on fair market value (also referred to as "market value"), or a
defined percentage of fair market value (here in GA we are assessed at 40% of the fair market value
estimate). The Appraisal Institute has defined market value as:
The most probably price, as of a specific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Sales Comparison Approach...estimates a property's value (or some other characteristic, such as
its depreciation) by reference to comparable sales.
This approach, like the name implies, entails comparing your property to the sale of comparable
properties in your market area. Adjusting for differences (such as numbers of bathrooms) by adding
(or subtracting) the approximate value of the differences to the sale price, you can get an indication
of what your property might sell for.
3. Income Approach...uses capitalization to convert the anticipated benefits of the ownership of
property into an estimate of present value.
This approach is rarely (I'm guessing never) used by taxing jurisdictions to appraise single family
residential property. Larger metropolitan counties with a lot of market data use this approach to
value commercial properties. Essentially the income approach takes the potential rental income of
your property, deducts for anticipated operating expenses, and applies a capitalization rate to the
left–over net operating income (NOI). The capitalization rate is derived from market data showing
what multiple of NOI investors are paying for similar

San Antonio School District Vs. Rodriquez Essay example
San Antonio School District Vs. Rodriquez
Rodriquez was started by parents whose children attended elementary and secondary schools in the
Edgewood Indecent School District. About 90% of the students were Mexican American and 6%
were African American. In Rodriquez, the Plaintiff's brought a class action on behalf of school
children who were members of poor families who reside in school districts having a low property
tax base. They claimed that the school's confidence on local property taxation favors the more well
off and violates equal protection requirements. The Supreme Court examined the Texas school
finance structure and rejected this claim. They ruled that education was not a fundamental right
under the Federal Constitution and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This meaning that the poorer the people within the neighbor the poorer the school districts will be.
Although this case shed some light, it failed under the federal Equal Protection analysis because
education was not a "fundamental right" recognized by the Constitution and because the
educationally disadvantaged poor did not constitute a "suspect classification." The Court refused to
overturn the school finance system on grounds of inequality. Equally notable, this case "virtually
abdicated any role for the federal courts in guaranteeing educational rights under the Federal
Constitution," leaving future plaintiffs "to state courts and constitutions for the change they seek
(www.schoolfunding.com)."
One con to this case was that even under independent state equal protection analysis, state courts are
still responding as did the U.S. Supreme Court: "the existence of 'some inequality' .. is not alone a
sufficient basis for striking down the entire system." This reluctance to require equality marks the
majority of all state decisions, as it did in the federal equal protection field. Nonetheless, plaintiffs
continue the traditional equality arguments (Verstegen, 1998).
Education should not be denied because of financial reasons. Children shouldn't be denied an
education because of their "wealth status"; they should be guaranteed an equal, fair education.
References
Brimely, V and Garfield, R. (2005). Financing Education in a Climate of Change (9thed.) Boston,
MA: Ally

The Negative Effects Of Gentrification
Gentrification: Is it good or bad? The root meaning behind the word gentrification comes from the
Old French word "genterise" meaning "people of gentle birth". However, in the modern day,
gentrification can be defined in multiple ways such as "the process of renovating and improving a
house or district so that it conforms to middle–class taste" or "the process of wealthier residents
moving to an area, and the changes that occur due to the influx of wealth". In simple terms, the
concept behind gentrification refer to the change which a community goes from low value to high
value, however the effects of gentrification are far more complex. The positive impacts of
gentrification includes higher wages due to the boost of economy in the given area, more tax
revenues, and lower crime rates. The other end of the impacts of gentrification spectrum include the
displacement of long term residents and businesses due to higher rents, property values, mortgages,
and property taxes, as well as shifting of the community's culture and characteristics. Gentrification
has been a controversial topic and it has a significant impact on the social, economic and
demographic changes in the communities specifically in the modern day today. This raises the
question of, is gentrification good or a bad? The basic causations of gentrification can be explained
in three basic categories: the supply–side factor, demand–side factor, and policy factors. The
supply–side factor theory entails the various

Housing Market and Property Taxes Effect Essay examples
During the Great Recession, we have seen property taxes and the housing market bubble decline
substantially. During this down turn of housing prices and decrease in taxes we saw a drop in the
revenue that is created by property taxes. Property tax helps to pay for a majority of public services
but most importantly our K–12th grade education system. It also helps fund parks, police and fire
department services as well. During this period of down turn there was not a raise in taxes causing
the states to increase spending cuts and to use more federal monies and their rainy day funds.
Because of this lack of revenue coming from property tax and housing bubble it caused the local
governments budgets to be impacted negatively. By examining how ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also, there can be planned structural deficit which is where the government decides to invest in the
future of the country. For example, investing in job training, higher education, transportation or
infrastructure changes throughout the city are all planned structural deficits. These are all investment
that will not show an immediate return causing a structural deficit, but one that is planned.
California is a good example of how cyclical and structural deficit problems can become a financial
crisis in local governments. California has throughout it's time had high economic growth allowing
them to get a budget that could expand public service, maintain tax cuts and maintain a high living
type of life style. After the Great Recession we see that the downturn of economic production and
the use of rainy day funds have crippled the progress they once with keeping a well balanced
budget. Because of this, California and other states are facing huge budget gaps that they cannot
bring to a close. California has tried to solve its budget problems with tax cuts and one time tactics
to curb the problem temporarily. In addition, California has shown trends of having a spending
problem and being unable to live within its means. The problem is these quick fixes were only
temporary measures.
When economic times get rough, policymakers often neglect to make the tough decisions needed to

City of Alexandria, Virginia Budget Fiscal Year 2011 Essay
The City of Alexandria is recognized as one of the best places to live and do business on the east
coast. In 2004, the Alexandria City Council adopted a Strategic Plan for 2004 thru 2015 with the
vision of maintaining the city's vibrant, diverse, historic, and unique neighborhoods. Their mission
is to maintain financial stability, provide excellent services that are valued by the customers, and
engage the entire community as it plans for the future (City of Alexandria, 2010). In fiscal year
2009, the City of Alexandria received the Distinguished Budget Presentation Award for its annual
budget. To receive this prestigious award, the city must meet program criteria as a policy document,
as an operations guide, as a financial plan, and as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The budget will present three important factors: the narrative which describes the agency's
objectives, the detailed schedule that translates the request for new agency appropriations, and the
cumulative schedules, "which aggregate the new initiatives into existing activities to form the
complete request" (Mikesell, 2011, p. 174).
Alexandria, Virginia is home to over 8,000 thriving businesses and organizations. The City's budget
serves as the blueprint for financial decisions implemented during the fiscal year. The FY 2011
Operating Budget and Capital Improvement Program (CIP) maintained its commitment to the
residents of Alexandria. The General Fund is $531.6 million, an increase of 0.3 percent over last
year's budget maintaining all of the core city services despite the challenging economic conditions.
Alexandria residents will pay about $125 more in property taxes along with higher fees for parking
meters and storm–water management projects, among other services. The real estate taxes increased
slightly but still remain among the lowest in the Northern Virginia region. In the budget, $167.9
million was allocated to the Alexandria City Public Schools, and a $1.6 million increase was set
aside for transit subsidy. The final change

Rhetorical Analysis Of Gentrification
Selena Gaddis
English 101
Section 28
Professor Zhuravlyova
Rhetorical Analysis
27 October 2014
Modern Gentrification
In the constantly changing economy of cities, the growth of city housing is oftentimes neglected. In
"Cities Mobilize to Help Those Threatened by Gentrification" Timothy Williams recounts how
gentrification has evolved over the years. Mentioning how cities have changed in order to appease
the younger professionals, Williams shows how the city itself is in jeopardy due to the tax increases.
Slowly loosing their faithful residents as well as historic culture cities face a big deal. Williams
gives quotes from faithful residents, "...long time homeowners are victims of the success story",
(Williams 346). In "Cities Mobilize to Help Those Threatened by Gentrification", Williams uses his
credible quotes and modern statistics to generate the reader's emotions, with desire to change how
city officials go about gentrification in culturally infused cities. Williams starts his article by
describing how cities work to bring in younger professionals who are looking for housing in the city,
as well as the impact the new housing is affecting the working and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Williams' provides another quote, Rene Goodwin, a resident who has grown up in the city, " To keep
an urban are vital, there has to be an infusion of new people and buildings, but that doesn't mean you
destroy people who have kept up the neighborhood, who've swept the sidewalk", she states.
Gentrification does not always have to be in with the new and out with the old. "It's that
commitment that has made developers interested in the neighborhood and then you're going to
penalize the people who have stayed? " Goodwin continues. Williams' also adds that city officials
need to congratulate and thank the longtime faithful residents who have been with the

Property Tax Statement
Family lawyers do not always know all the legalities of splitting up assets and liabilities when
calculating marital property. It is in your best interest to do some of the homework yourself and be
aware of the pitfalls and opportunities. Plus, doing some of the work yourself will save some money
you might have paid to your lawyer for doing the same thing. If you are in the midst of an emotional
divorce, you tend to overlook key financial decisions. Rather than leaving all the financial details to
your family lawyer, you need to get involved, no matter how painful. CHECK YOUR HOME'S
APPRAISED VALUE Look at your Property Tax Statement to find your home's assessment value
within your county. If you do not have your Property Tax Statement, filed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This completely different than a down payment. Many people will become confused when their
Realtor asks how much of an earnest money deposit they'd like to offer. Lets examine the
importance of an earnest money check, where it goes and who it belongs to. When you write an
offer on a piece of real estate, it's important to accompany it with proof that you are serious about
buying the home. The seller will oftentimes take the amount of earnest money provided into
consideration when deciding on whether or not to accept your offer. The check will typically not be
written directly to the sellers. Actually, it's a bad idea to do so. The money should be held in escrow
and is typically written to the real estate company the buyer's agent works for. Sometimes, the seller
will require it to be written to their agent's company. Either way, it is held in escrow not belonging
to either party until the sale of the property is executed. The money then gets released to the lender
and is credited to the buyers upon the sale of the home. In the event that the buyers decide not to go
ahead and purchase the home, the money will be released to the sellers and the home will go back
on the market. Basically, the earnest money deters the buyers from walking away from the purchase
for no good reason. When the sellers accept a contract on their home, they are not legally allowed to
accept another offer. This money acts as "insurance" for the sellers, making them feel comfortable
about accepting the offer knowing the buyers are serious and will lose the money if they decide
against going through with the sale. Accepting an offer not accompanied by an earnest money check
is somewhat foolish. The buyers can walk away with no penalty and the seller's home can be stuck
in limbo for a period of time, not able to put it back on the market due to the original contract
without earnest money. I have

Finance And Budget Text Questions Essay
Finance and Budget Text Question The current issues regarding education finance and funding is the
lack there of. Money is the top issue. The financial crisis which Texas faces has recently arrived in
the hands of the Texas Supreme Court, which now holds a lawsuit filed by approximately 600
school districts. The lawsuit aims to decide whether the current Texas school funding system
violates the state constitution (Smith, 2015).
The breakdown to the finance shortfall stems from the state not having enough money to fund public
education at the current levels without increasing taxes, which many legislators vow not to do. In
recent years, the Texas Legislature reduced property taxes and increased the business and cigarette
tax, but the changes were not able to off–set the funds lost (Wirth, 2013). Educational funding then
took another hit when $5 billion was cut from public education in 2011. School programs and
resources are dependent on the dollars received from the state. As enrollment in Texas schools
continues to grow and property tax revenues begin to fall, the budget crisis in Texas is growing and
not getting any better (Smith, 2015). Recently, the 84th Legislature approved and passed the state
budget bill for the 2016–2017 Biennium. House Bill 1 appropriates $209.4 billion in total spending
and passed bills which allows increasing homestead exemption on school district property taxes
resulting in a $1.2 billion tax break for Texas homeowners, and reducing the

Property Tax and Management
Property Tax & Management
Q.1
The tenant must comply with various rules set out in law and by the landlord in order to exercise a
break clause in the lease in the future, some of the main elements are outlined below: – The tenant
must adhere to the duration of the lease and the timeframe that it occupies in order to exercise a
break in the lease without complication. If the tenant overstayed the agreed timeframe the landlord
would have provision to make a case and bring it before the courts.
– The extent of the liability imposed on the tenant, whether the lease terms are confined to just the
lease payments or whether the tenant is also responsible for repair/maintenance etc.
Failure to carry out repairs and/or maintenance would negatively impact on the tenants ability to
exercise a break clause in the future.
– Where the Landlord applies for planning permission resulting in the structure of the building being
altered causing possible obstruction trading this would give the tenant an opportunity to negotiate a
break in the lease due to the fact it is impacting negatively on their business.
In Ireland there was a case which is currently still unresolved between Dennis O'Brien and BT
Communications where a number of complications arose, conditions of ecercise of the break clause
in the lease included a 12 month notice of exercise of the break along with payment of damages to
the amount of 6 months rent on the date the break is exercised.

The Effects Of High Compliance Rate On Municipal City Of...
Research Design and Methodology
4.1Introduction
The purpose of this study is to find out what are the causes of the high compliance rate in property
taxes in the municipal city of Portmore, Jamaica. Taxes are of essential importance to small
developing countries as they do not have much needed resources. As further developments takes
place in the municipal city property values will increase, hence the amount of property tax collected
by the Portmore municipal council will also increase. This increase however, is not a guarantee that
the tax collection will be sufficient in the maintenance of the community due to the rising cost of
goods and services. Hence continuous voluntary compliance is essential and important as it most
efficient for both the tax payer and the tax authorities.
This section gives the hypothesis or research perspectives, the design of the research and the
methods that were used to gather the data.
4.2 Hypotheses/ Research Perspectives
My research perspective on the Municipal City of Portmore attaining the highest compliance rate
property tax collections in Jamaica are:
That the tax payers have recognised the need and importance of property tax to the community.
The taxpayers are knowledgeable about property tax and the consequences if not paid.
The local authorities are ensuring that the community is well maintained by effectively and
efficiently using the tax collecting in providing services such as timely collection of garbage,
maintaining and

Types Of Proprietary Funds Or General Fund Vance County
Addition to the Governmental Funds or General Fund Vance County has one type Proprietary Funds
– Enterprise Funds which are used to report the same functions presented as business–type activities
in the government–wide financial statements. The County uses enterprise funds to account for its
water activity and for its solid waste management operations (Department, June 30, 2015). The
County's proprietary funds provide the same type of information found in the government–wide
statements but in more detail. Total net position of the Solid Waste Fund at the end of the fiscal year
was $751,736, and for the Water Fund equaled $1,662,088. The change in net position before prior
period adjustments for the Solid Waste Fund was $20,513 while the change in net position before
prior period adjustments for the Water Fund was $1,610,863 (Department, June 30, 2015). Granville
County has two types of Proprietary Funds Enterprise Fund which is very similar to Vance County
except in Granville County their unrestricted net position of the Solid Waste Fund equaled
$(7,658,465) (Department, June 30, 2015). The total net position for all proprietary funds is
$(1,948,415). The total change in net position for the proprietary funds was a decrease of $103,579
(Department, June 30, 2015). This change in net position primarily results from decreased non–
current liabilities for post closure care costs resulting from legislative changes and increased
personnel costs.
Granville County's second

What Are The Divisions In The City Of Bend, Oregon Government
The City of Bend, Oregon Government consists of approximately 500 employees across thirteen
different divisions. These divisions are Police, Fire, Community Development, Public Works, etc
and are all coordinated under the City Manager's office. Bend's government style is called a "weak
mayor" form of city government, in that the citizens elect a city council, which then elects a mayor
from among the council members. The city council and mayor, then hire a City Manager to run the
day to day operations of the city. In doing this form of government, the City Manager is not directly
accountable to the citizens and can focus on the needs of the city and its employees. At the same
time, the City Council can only provide direction to the city manager and is accountable to the
citizens. The city employees in this case are led by the city manager as directed by city council. The
community leadership environment in this case is established by council to provide direction to the
city manager. For the Organizational Assessment provide for this module I used information and
experience provided to me during the course of my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, leadership training opportunities are provided quarterly though our local community college.
COCC (Central Oregon Community College) has partnered with both Deschutes County as well as
the City of Bend to provide a leadership class four times per year. As an employee, I receive emails
for these programs, with associated fees, multiple times per month. The classes are not limited to
public employees, and are sent to the cities NGOs as well. As an employee of the city, if I wish to
participate in one of the classes, the city will pay for it. In addition to funding leadership training for
its employee, the city also provides funding for two NGOs which I see as strengths of the

The Ambivalence of Direct Democracy Essay
The California Constitution states, "All political power is inherent in the people. Government is
instituted for their protection, security, and benefit, and they have the right to alter or reform it when
the public good may require." (CA Const. art. 2, sect. 1) Indeed, the age–old maxim that the
government is for the people is evident in California's Constitution, and the inception of direct
democracy by the early 20th century Progressive movement follows this ideology. The 2nd article of
California's constitution includes three forms of direct democracy: the initiative, referendum, and
recall. Respectively, these forms of direct democracy grant electors the power to propose statutes
and amendments, adopt or reject statutes and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Direct democracy's initiative sounds appealing in theory, but realistically, history has shown that the
average voter is incapable of truly assessing the effects and repercussions of these ballot proposals.
This is clearly exemplified by Proposition 13, an initiative that, as author Isaac Martin states,
became a "nationwide symbol of tax revolt" (Martin). Proposition 13 essentially set the property tax
rate to 1% and stated that the assessed value of homes could not exceed the 1975–76 assessed value.
This reduced taxes by about 57% (californiataxdata.com), a truly drastic decrease, which translates
to a loss of $7 billion in property taxes during the 1978–79 fiscal year (McCaffery & Bowman,
530). Consequently, Proposition 13 led to intense repercussions; the huge decreases in finances
forced local agencies to look for funding elsewhere, and severe cuts were made. The Los Angeles
Times conducted a survey of 70 southern school districts and found that two–thirds of them had
eliminated or sharply curtailed summer school. Also, Long Beach school sent layoff notices to
nearly half of its staff of teachers, and by June 28th there was a total of 3,252 estimated layoffs with
165,000 imminent layoffs. The repercussions continued, with prices escalating to cover the decline
of financing. And ironically,

Poverty Reflection
have a student named LaDashe who comes to school late everyday and the days she not late she is
absent. When she comes to school she usually puts her head on a desk and sleeps or her behavior is
causing disruption in the classroom. We were informed late in the year that she was homeless and
living in a shelter with her mother and three siblings.. So that explains a lot of what was going on
with LaDashe. We were also informed that LaDashe mother was a student of the school her daughter
was attending as well,like mother like daughter had exhibited some of the same behavior as
LaDashe. In my Urban Leadership class we talked about never ending cycles. LaDashe and her
mother is an example of never ending cycle that is definitely repeating itself. LaDashe and her
mother are types of people stuck in poverty from one generation to the next generation. I worked
with a teacher who said," poverty is a choice" We got in someone of discussion regarding his words.
After, taken the course Urban Leadership I often relate back to his words. I know poverty is not a
choice however, some are born into poverty and remain a lifetime. In my Urban Leadership course
one reason for poverty is the lack of education. If we could give everyone a fair and equal education
we could hopefully wipe out poverty. We need to get all of politicians, community , teachers, and
parents all on the same page t help our low income students. A way to help our low achieving
students is to designate the funds so all schools receive accurate funds necessary to help all students
succeed.
Property Tax
Our class discussion on affluent towns that pay less taxes than less affluent towns. In class we talked
how towns like Greenwich CT. mill rate is .11 much less than Bridgeport a town in much need of
funds which has a higher mill rate of.25. We talked about the difference in tax each town pays per
year. Bridgeport mill rate is about 2.3 times more than Greenwich. In , a 1 million dollar home tax
each year is about 11thousand, whereas, a 1 million dollar home tax in Bridgeport is 25 thousand.
Bridgeport tax is so much higher than a lot of affluent towns, the Bridgeport schools academically
should be performing much

The Tax Impact When Renting Your Property. Renting Your
The Tax Impact When Renting Your Property
Renting your home and becoming a landlord also has some handsome tax perks. Rental income is
taxed as ordinary income and your taxes could be largely eliminated with the numerous deductions
on expenses and depreciation. Please note the there is on major tax rule that may mitigate this
benefit. If the house is eventually sold and you qualify for a capital–gains tax exemption discussed
earlier, you 'll be taxed on the amount you depreciate, which would make renting out your home
considerably less attractive than selling.
With respect to expenses, you can deduct almost any out–of–pocket expenses related to owning and
managing the home including property taxes, mortgage interest payments, advertising ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In reality, for most homeowners, renting out a home is not an option for them. The sale of their
home is necessary in order to put down a downpayment for their next home. Many homeowners
only have enough capital to purchase one home, let alone 2 homes. There is a capital reserve
required when renting properties.
Tenants come and go and the homeowner has to pay the mortgage payments on the rental property
regardless of whether or not he has paying tenants at the time. These are valid risks to consider when
deciding to rent your property.
When renting a property, there is also the risk that a tenant could damage the property or cause other
issues that would lead to an expensive eviction process. In most states, the legal process to carry out
an eviction could cost up to $5,000 and the process could take 1 to 2 years to

Federal Income Tax, State Tax And Property Tax
The concept behind federal income tax, state tax, and property tax is........
The ratification of the sixteenth amendment to the constitution established the federal income tax.
The federal income tax is a tax the United States government collects on the wages and income an
individual may earn in a year. Each year federal income taxes are collected from millions of
Americans based on a progressive taxing formula. The progressive structure of the formula is
designed to ensure that each individual no matter their income, pays what is considered a fair
taxation rate. If an individual earns more, more taxes are levied against the earned wages and
income.
States tax their citizens in a similar fashion as the federal government. However, the income tax
rates or percentages at the state level are much lower. States also employ a tax that the federal
government does not have. This tax is called a sales tax. The tax on goods and services such as
clothing, automobiles and dining in at a restaurant is regressive. No matter what the income of an
individual, the tax remains the same, unlike a progressive system. There are many states that do not
have an income tax. These states get a large proportion of their revenue from sales taxes. States such
as California, New York, and Massachusetts, have some of the highest state income tax and sales
taxes in the United States. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A county in Texas cannot tax a property in Nevada. The federal government does not levy property
taxes, some states do, and all local counties and municipalities do. Homes, land, and buildings are
considered property. Not every individual owns property so not everyone pays property

Lack of Education Funding Essay
Within the federal government's budget education is among the most important yet in the year of
2012 the federal government only spent $107.6 billion out of 3.7 trillion which amounts to 3% on
education. Compared to other funding categories in the government's fiscal year of 2012's budget it's
clear to see that education isn't as important to the government officials as they would like us to
believe. Many Americans today are lead to believe that education is important to government
officials and it receives an adequate amount of funding because they don't know how much funding
is put into the other categories of the budget. The funding put into education in the year 2012 is only
1/8 of social security spending and 1/5 of Medicare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results taken from the executive summary of the Education Law Center in New Jersey show that a
small percentage of states who have funding systems put in place and provide greater funding to
high poverty districts remain the most progressive states yearly. Whereas a larger percentage of
states have funding systems where districts with higher poverty rates receive less funding, these
states remain the most regressive. (School funding disparities persist, analysis shows).
The sad reality of it all is that gross funding inequities continue to persist in the U.S and no one
seems to be working steadily to rid this problem. When putting funding into education equity should
be focused on rather than equality. According to the National Report card there are core fairness
principles that must be followed to maintain equal opportunity. The 3rd principle states that the level
of funding in a district should increase relative to the level of concentrated student poverty rate.
Therefore state finance systems should provide more funding to districts serving larger share of
students in poverty (Is School Funding Fair? 7). Examining the school district of Philadelphia one
could see that this principle is not being followed. The No Child Left Behind Act was created in
2001 to ensure that no later than 12 years after 2001 (2013) all students will meet the states
standards. The act

Debt Refinancing Reflection
property–taxes
The Octorara Board of Directors and Finance Committee met on Monday, September 19, 2016. All
Board members were in attendance.
Debt Refinancing
This is a wonderful opportunity to remind people if all you do is either attend the Board Meetings
(the 3 or 4 of you) or watch the videos, you are missing 95% of the discussions and information.
Yes, Mr. Ganow did mention the Debt Refinancing in the Facilities Committee Report, but you
received very little of the information detail. This is why I have repeatedly asked that we start
broadcasting Committee Meetings and posting the minutes online. What could it hurt? But, I
digress...
The Committee received a Debt Service Presentation from Ken Phillips and Rhonda Lord of RCB
Capital ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How did that work? In reality, it only accelerated our financial problems. One thing we must keep in
mind, a 3.2 percent property tax increase does not cover a 3.2 percent budget increase.
A 3.2 percent budget increase adds more than $1.66 million in costs and a 3.2 percent property tax
increase will likely raise only roughly $1 million of additional revenue. This is because a large
portion of our revenue comes from other sources like the State and Federal governments. Property
taxes are the largest portion of our revenue, but it is significantly short the cost of the budget, So,
expect to add an additional $600K deficit to the carried over deficit from last year.
Ok, sure, nothing has been decided. However, there are only so many viable paths here. So, you can
choose to listen to those who hide behind the process or you can take an active roll, pay attention,
and make your voice

The And Its Effects On The Community
Wellesley has been known as a well to do community with good school systems. The neighboring
communities such as Weston, Wayland, and Needham are also comparable in terms of real estate
values and excellent educational systems. However, in Wellesley, there has been a rapid change in
landscapes throughout the town due to what is described as a demolition haven. Although the culprit
of the recent high–end building boom is unclear, new constructions replaced by the teardown act are
popping up to be transformed into mansion size houses. What is Wellesley trying to compete
against? What impacts do they impose on seniors who are retiring or have retired? Many old houses
have their inconveniences but have characters which have painted a part of beautiful Wellesley
scenery. The recycled properties increase the value of the houses on the street, which in turn
increases the property tax bill due to increased assessed values. It resembles a domino effect. Many
elderly people are trying hard to stand firm on their feet to avoid being knocked over, but controlling
their environment is nearly impossible and seeing annual updated assessed property values with
increased appreciation may only be described as a nightmare. Proposition 2 ½ (MGL Chapter 580 of
the Acts of 1980), also known as Property Tax Levy or levy, is a Massachusetts law passed by ballot
vote in November of 1980. Its purpose is to limit the amount of money city or town can raise from
property taxes. There are three

Analysis Of The Article ' The American Ideal '
Vasi Papadopulos
Mr. Lofaro
20 American History
September 28, 2015
The American Ideal
As expressed in the constitution, the United States has not lived up to the ideal of equality.
Economic inequality has surged into a greater issue over the past several years. Gender inequality is
something that has began to reduce in the US ever since the 1900s. Even though big changes have
been made, gender inequality stills exists in the workplace due to many reasons. Furthermore, ever
since colonial times, racism has been a prodigious problem in the United States . Examples of racial
inequality includes poverty and education, as a result, racial inequality has become an obstacle
America has been facing all throughout our history
First, economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subsequently, even though big changes have been made, gender inequality stills exists in the
workplace. In the United States, the percent of women engaged in the workforce is falling behind
other western countries. The United States ranked 22nd best in terms of gender equality out of 135
countries. Researchers say that that the United States is falling behind due to the lack of business
and social support for working women. In addition to this, the United States is the only
industrialized nation that does not have paid parental leave. Moreover, in an Huffington post article,
Katy Hall found that as a result of the Family Medical Leave act of 1993, new parents are
guaranteed their jobs twelve weeks after their baby is due. This act does not require the company to
give fully paid maternity leave. Unpaid parental leave could make a woman not want to work since
if she does it would be harder for her to start a family. Hence, this makes it harder for women to
work. If a woman is not having paid maternity leave, then this will cause her to have problems when
trying to provide for her child if she does decide to have one. Moreover, a study directed by
researchers at San Fernando Valley State College said that " when an individual with a PhD applies
for a position at a university, that individual is significantly more likely to be offered a higher level

Essay On Property Tax
The XYZ report projects that by XYZ, xyz of the world would live in an urban area one in every
XYZ Americans would live in an urban area. The population of Americans that live in urban areas
(add definition) has risen from XX in 20xx to YY in 20yy. (–– removed HTML ––) As of 2008,
America's local governments spent about one–eighth of USA's national gross domestic product
(GDP), one–fourth of total government spending, and employ over 14 million people (Glaeser).
As of 2011, there are 89,000 local governments, 13,000 school districts and 37,381 special districts.
A local body relies on three major sources of revenue – property tax, intergovernmental transfers
and user charges or fees. Property tax accounts for one of the largest revenue ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They attribute the sharp decline between 1977 and 1985 to the various tax limitations introduced in
several states at the time. A detailed analysis by quintiles also revealed a significant stickiness in the
share of property tax values.
Property Tax: A theoretical model
Factor mobility is a key factor for local bodies. Charles Tiebout in his seminal 1956 article put forth
a model where local bodies compete in the provision of public services. He considers a city resident
who wishes to move to the suburbs, 'a consumer–voter', who selects a community that best reflects
and satisfies his preferences for public goods. Given that local governments have set patterns of
expenditure and revenue, the greater the number of local governments, the closer the consumer–
voter may find his preferences represented.
Tiebout's model is based on the following assumptions: perfect mobility of consumer–voters; their
perfect knowledge of differences between revenue and expenditure patterns and the ability to react
to these differences; many communities to choose from in which to live; no employment restrictions
as all consumer–voters live on dividend income and no external economies or diseconomies in the
provision of public goods between communities. Additionally, he also defines an optimum level of
community services i.e. the number of residents for whom the bundle of services can be produced at
the lowest average cost. The relevance of this assumption

Persuasive Essay On Gentrification
Kristen Broyles Professor Thomas English 101 28 November 2017 Gentrification Webster's
Dictionary defines gentrification as "the process of renewal and rebuilding accompanying the influx
of middle–class or affluent people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents."
This sounds frightening to lower class citizens. However, Justin Davidson, author of "Is
Gentrification All That Bad?" claims "Gentrification doesn't need to be something that one group
inflicts on another; often it's a result of aspirations everybody shares." Gentrification does not need
to be the rich pushing the poor out. It can be the rich and the poor working together to make their
city a wealthier and safer place to live. Gentrification improves communities by allowing more
economic growth for all. Many opponents to gentrification argue that it will cause property taxes to
go up and cause many families to struggle. Rising property taxes could occur, and may result in
more struggles in the lower class and families that are already struggling, but these struggles are still
just something that may happen but is not a guaranteed repercussion. There are many families that
are trying to stay afloat and are barely doing so. Living paycheck to paycheck, a tax increase can be
detrimental for some families. It will help improve communities and promote new businesses.
Author of "Cities Mobilize to Help Those Threatened by

Public School Of Public Schools
In 2003, Wellesley accepted the provisions of Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 60 Section 3D
which authorizes volunteer contributions by citizens to a Tax Relief Fund to help offset tax
obligation for elderly or disabled individuals. Town's Taxation Fund Committee establishes the rules
and regulations and donations of any amount over $1.00 is accepted. The solicitation was virtually
non–existent and the town has received zero donation from the community that it is considered a
failed policy. On the contrary, Wellesley Educational Fund (WEF) continues to solicit donations
from all residents including empty nesters. The fund collects a sizable combined donation every
year. Their mission statement states the fund is used "to enhance, enrich and maintain educational
excellence and foster innovation in the Wellesley Public Schools" (WEF.org., 2016). Wellesley
public school teachers were among the highest paid in 2015 with an average salary of $90,041
(doe.mass.gov., 2016), and it is always good to remember where the source of money comes from.
In addition, WEF awards grant to excellent teachers.
Policies, Suggestions, and Recommendations to Be Considered Massachusetts's property tax relief
programs are designed to help low–income elders and disabled citizens off–set the burden of real
estate tax bills. The current eligibility brackets are standard for all cities and towns in Massachusetts
without much consideration given to the average estate values in each town they

The Pros And Cons Of Gentrification
Gentrification: Does the Good Outweigh the Bad?
A study by The Urban Institute describes gentrification as "a process whereby higher–income
households move into low income neighborhoods, escalating the area's property values to the point
that displacement occurs." Gentrification generally takes place in deteriorating urban or rural areas.
The purpose of gentrification is to take struggling neighborhoods and stabilize them by increasing
property value. Naturally the system isn't perfect, as it has the side effect of displacement, which can
cause some people to have to move to a different location, but overall gentrification is much more
beneficial than destructive on a large scale. All neighborhoods have to be improved eventually.
Gentrification is simply the most effective way of doing it. Although there are some negatives
associated with Gentrification, in the long run it succeeds in creating a better place for people to
live, and the pros far outweigh the cons.
The purpose of gentrification is to take struggling neighborhoods and stabilize them by investing in
the neighborhood. Gentrification is "the rehabilitation and settlement of decaying urban areas by
middle– and high–income investors." (The Columbia Encyclopedia). These investors raise the value
of the neighborhood by improving facilities and making the neighborhood look better. This doesn't
always benefit everyone since some citizens get displaced. However, the number of people
displaced is very minor in

Unit 9 Assignment Essay
BS100 Business Math
Unit 9Assignment
Answer the following questions directly on this document. Please bold or highlight your final
answer.Where needed, round to the nearest cent.
To find payment amounts, you may use Excel, the EZ Calculators app, or the tables in the Chapter if
those tables have the needed values. When finding an APR, give an exact value using Excel or the
EZ Calculators app. Show work.
1] A cell phone has a purchase price of $299. The phone can be financed by putting $100 down and
paying $20.50 a month for 12 months. Find (a) the amount financed, (b) the total monthly payments,
and (c) the total finance charge.
Total selling price = $299
Down payment = $100
Amount financed = 299–100 = $199
Total monthly payments = ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The down payment is $5,000 and the mortgage will be for 30 years at 5.5%. Find (a) the monthly
mortgage payment, and (b) the total cost of interest.
Amount borrowed = 90,000–5,000 = $85,000
Amortization payment factor = 5.6779
Amount of loan in thousands = 85
Monthly mortgage payment = 85*5.6779 = $482.62
Total cost of interest = (482.62*360)–85000 = $88,743.20
7] The selling price of a home is $125,000. The down payment is $5,000 and the mortgage will be
for 30 years at 7%. Find (a) the monthly mortgage payment, and (b) how the first monthly payment
is broken down into interest and principal.
Amount borrowed = $120,000
Amortization payment factor = 6.6530
Amount of loan in "000" = 120
Monthly mortgage payment = 6.6530*120 = $798.36
$120,000 mortgage has a monthly payment of $798.36
The monthly interest rate = 7/12 = 0.5833%; therefore, in each row below,
Monthly interest = Unpaid balance*0.005833

Principal payment = Total payment – monthly interest
Month Unpaid Balance Interest payment Principal payment Total payment New balance 1 $120,000
$699.96 $98.4 $798.36 $119,901.60
8] Oprah Winfrey has closed on a 42–acre estate near Santa Barbara, California, for $50,000,000. If
Oprah puts 20% down and finances at 7% for 30 years, what would her monthly payment be?
Down payment = $10,000,000
Amount borrowed = $40,000,000

The Early School Funding Litigation
Most of the early school funding litigation efforts generally focused on education equity, which was
to guarantee the same amount of per pupil funding for every student in the state. Starting in the
1960s, the focus of the lawsuits began to shift from equity to adequacy. Lawsuits brought about by
stakeholders claim that current state funding procedures violate policy outlined in either the federal
or state constitution. Although many of the federal lawsuits have been futile, many successful claims
under state constitutions have not only led to reform in the states where state systems were
abolished, but also kindled the conversation for many states to take a closer look at their funding
practice and revise policy as to avoid any future ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The heightened focus on education equity and adequacy has garnered substantial attention from both
policy makers and media outlets. As a result of the spotlight, school finance litigation has forced
states to not only change the way they fund schools but to improve and update their states'
assessment and accountability systems. (Griffith, 2005).
Arguments for and against State Funding
States have to exercise their due diligence and responsibility to plan for and deliver a system of free,
public education. States also have the duty to balance funding based on local school systems fiscal
capacity to pay for educational programs. The State of Georgia's Constitution specifically states that
the provision of an adequate public education for the citizens shall be a primary obligation of the
State of Georgia. Public education for the citizens prior to the college or postsecondary level shall be
free and shall be provided for by taxation. The expense of other public education shall be provided
for in such manner and in such amount as may be provided by law (Ga. Const. art. VIII, pt. I).
According to the Structure of School Finance overview, although education is a state task, virtually
every state, has delegated the school systems' operation to the local school systems. The states
simply maintain an overseer and compliance function in the local school

Motivated Employees Key to Success

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Crystal Torres

More from Crystal Torres (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Motivated Employees Key to Success