Marin Headlands Guidebook

1. Guidebook
Harini, Charmi, Meghana, and Divyanshi
1

2. Table of Contents
1.Introduction 8. Western Grebe
BIRD 9.Willet
1.Canvasback 10. California Gull
2.Brandt’s Cormorant 11. Sandpiper
3.Heermann’s Gull 12. Bufflehead
4. Double Crested Cormorant 13. Snowy plover
5.Pied Bill Grebe 14. Coot
6. Pacific Loon 15. Common Murre
7. Brown Pelican 16. Mallard Duck
2

3. Table of Contents
PLANTS
17. Chain fern
18. Water
Buttercup
19. Red
Elderberry
20. Arroyo
Willow
3
22. conclusion
23.Harini’s
bibliography for
websites, books and
pictures
24. Cha
QUIZ
21. Quiz
Questions
22. Quiz Answers

4. Introduction
Visualize you being a bird swimming in the
glistening lake and soaring into the wind or a
Brown Pelican or a Common Murre diving to
catch a fish. Take a moment and think about
you being a plant growing day by day and being
one with the nature.
4

5. Animal Title Page
5

6. Canvasback
The Canvasback bird is a rusty red-headed bird with a white body and
black chest and rear-end. They eat seeds, buds, leaves, tubers,roots,
snails, and insect larvae. They breed annually and nest from April to June
with a peak in mid to late May. They lay about 5-11 eggs per season.Other
names are Morillon à dos blanc (French), and Pato coacoxtle (Spanish).
● Habitat: Lake or Pond
● Wingspan: 31.1 - 35 inches
● Weight: 30.4-56 oz
● Size: 48 - 56 cm or 18.90 - 22.05 in.
● Lifespan: 22 yrs. and 7 mo. (oldest).
● Average: unknown
Two male and
female Canvasback
birds swimming.

7. Brandt’s Cormorant
The Brandt’s Cormorant is a dark and pale creature. They eat fish, squid,
shrimp, and crab. The male and female birds both help to build the nest for
their eggs. Sometimes the pair use the same nest every year. The female lays
1-6 eggs which is pale blue or bluish white. The birds are born featherless and
helpless. Other names are Cormorán de Brandt, Sargento guanero, Pato
buzo, and Cormoran de Brandt (Spanish).
● Habitat: Ocean
● Wingspan: 42.5 in.
● Weight: 49.4-95.2 oz.
● Size: 34”
● Lifespan: 17 yrs. and 9 mo.
● Average: 6 years 7
Brandt’s
Cormorant.

8. Heermann’s Gull
The Heermann’s Gull is a white headed bird with a red beak and
gray body. It eats small fish, lizards, insects, refuse, carrion, and marine
invertebrates. The female bird lays about 1-3 eggs that are a pale bluish,
grey to olive, with brown blotches. Other names are Goéland de
Heermann (French). Gaviota de Heermann, Gaviota mexicana
(Spanish).
● Habitat: West coast in U.S
● Wingspan: 40.9–45.3 in.
● Weight: 13.1–22.7 oz.
● Size: 19” in length and 51” wide.
● Lifespan: 3-10 years.
● Average: Unknown. 8
Heermann’s
Gull

9. Double Crested Cormorant
The Double Crested Cormorant is a black bird with a pinch of yellow-
orange color. They feed on fish and some squid. The female lays 3-4 eggs
and hatches around 25-29 days. The other names are Cormoran à
aigrettes (French) and Cormorán Orejudo, Cormorán Bicrestado, Corúa
de Mar (Spanish).
● Habitat: Ocean
● Wingspan: 42.5”
● Weight: 49.4-95.2 oz.
● Size: 32”
● Lifespan: 17 yrs. 9 mo. (Oldest)
● Average: 6 yrs.
9
Double Crested
Cormorant

10. Pied Bill Grebe
The Pied Bill Grebe is widely spread across the
US it is mostly found in bays,lakes,ponds,and
anything else but mainly in marshes.
The Pied Bill Grebe eats aquatic insects,
crustaceans, small fish, mollusks,leeches,small
amounts of aquatic plants, and more.
There eggs are normally bluish white and
stained brown eggs and both the parents sit on
the egg.
Some fun facts are they have lobbed feet,are
rarely seen in flight,and the young can fly as
soon as they hatch.
10
● 11.8- 15 inches in length
● Wingspan is 17.7-24.4
inches
● Weighs 8.9-20 ounces
● Life span is 10-12 years
“Female Grebe carrying
young and male catching fish
for young”

11. Pacific Loon
The Pacific Loon eats mostly small
fish,crustaceans,and insects.
The Pacific Loons breeding range
extends from Northern Canada and as
far east as the Hudson Bay and Baffin
Islands.
The Pacific loon lays 1-2 eggs,rarely
3 and it’s eggs are blackish brown.
Some fun facts are the Pacific and
Arctic loons look exactly the same and
the loon walks on land a different way
from the other birds so it can’t take
flight from land.
● 22.8-29.1 inches
● Can live 25- 30+ years
● 35.3-88.2 ounces
● wingspan is 43.3- 50.4
inches
11
“Pacific Loon catching fish.”

12. Brown Pelican
The Brown Pelican is a coastal bird rarely
found away from sea, they nest in southern
California and Northern Mexico. During
breeding season they travel along middle and
northern California up to Washington.
● Life Span is 15-25 years
● Immense beak with 6 and
½ foot wingspan
● 48 inches
● 6-7 pounds
12
Their diet mostly consists of fish since
they live along the coast such as
smelt,anchovies,and menhaden.
Some fun facts are they can dive up to 30
feet,they use their pouches as dip
nests,and their throat can hold up to to 3
gallons of water.
During breeding season they lay 3-4
eggs.They feed regurgitated food to
babies, but when 5-7 weeks they can start
finding their own food. “Brown Pelican taking off”

13. Western Grebe
Western Grebes are mostly found in salt
water bays,but during breeding season they
are found in marshes each are mixed with
fresh water and vegetation.There breeding
areas are found from northern California-
South Central Canada.
There diet is mainly fish but they also scan
the waters for mollusks and crustaceans.
Western Grebe usually lay 2-4 eggs and
built their nest out of floatable vegetation.
Did you know there nest can float up to 10
feet in the water!
Some fun facts are the Western Grebe is the
largest North American Grebe and during
breeding season they do a dance called a
weed dance where they raise their chests and
rub their bills with water plants.
● Life span is 9-16 years
● Wingspan is 31.1-33.9 inches
● Length is 21.7-29.5 inches
● 2-4 pounds
13“ Western Grebes swimming together”

14. Willet
14
A willet eats aquatic beetles, fish,
spiders, small crabs, worms, fiddler,
mole crabs and other animals. A
willet has brown or gray winter
colors. Willets have a black stripe
running through each wing. They are
long-legged, straight-billed birds.
During breeding season which is May
to July they soon begin nesting. The
time takes 22 to 29 days for a baby
to hatch . Young willets can fly about
4 weeks after hatching. A average
Willet lives an average of 10.25 (high)
years.
-Its length is 13–16.1 in
- It weighs 7.1–11.6 oz
- Its wingspan is 27.6 in
Willet

15. California Gull
15
A california gull eats fish, insects,
earthworms, small mammals, grain,
garbage, fruit, and other animals.It has a
yellow bill with black ring near the tip and
a red spot ,head and underparts are
white.Wingtips are black with white
spots.
The legs yellow-green.During the
breeding season which is from May to
July a pair is formed. After the nest is
built the egg laying begins. The birds lay
one egg every other day until they have
laid between two to five eggs. The eggs
hatch after about 24 days. A california
gull can live up to 24 years average.
-Its length is 18.5–21.3 in
- It weighs 15.2–36.9 oz
-Its wingspan is 51.2 in
California Gull

16. Sandpiper
16
Sandpipers feed on crustaceans,
insects, worms, and other
creatures. The sandpiper has a
brown upper body and a white
underside.During the breeding
season which is between May
and August females come and
make a breeding territory. The
male comes later. The female
lays about 4 eggs.The eggs are
incubated for 19 to 22 days.The
male takes care of the eggs the
most. A sandpiper can live up to
7 years.
-It's length is 7.5 to 8.25 in
-Its weight 1.5 to 2.5 oz
-It's wingspan is about 10.2–
14.6 in
Sandpiper

17. Bufflehead
17
Bufflehead eat invertebrates,
crustaceans, mollusks, larvae,
large zooplankton , and snails.A
Bufflehead duck has a green and
purple on its neck. Females are a
gray with a white patch on the
cheek.Buffleheads breed one time
every year between late winter
and early April Females lay eggs
between late April and mid-May.
They lay about of 9 eggs.
Females sit on the eggs to keep
them warm. years.The eggs hatch
about 30 days later. The life span
can live up to 13 years.
-It's length 12.6–15.7 in
-It weighs 9.6–22.4 oz
-Its wingspan is 21.7 in
Bufflehead

18. Snowy Plover
The snowy plover is a different plover than any other plovers. Sadly,
this bird is an endangered specie. It lives in the dry sandy beaches
and salty flats. The mother lays three buffy eggs and when it hatches,
the babies are nurtured for four weeks. After four weeks, they leave
their families to live independently. All snowy plovers eat insects and
small crustaceans.
● 5.9 to 6.6 inches in length
● 13.4 inches in wingspan
● 34 to 58 grams in weight
● 3 years for lifespan
18
Mother and
baby Plover
together

19. Coot
Coots are birds that live in freshwater marshes, wetlands, and salty
marshes. They eat fishes, mollusks, and insects. The mother coot
lays 8-20 eggs and after the eggs hatch the babies leave their home
to live their life independently.One fun fact is that coots try to steal
other bird’s food to nourish themselves. That is why they are
kleptoparasitic.
● 15 ½ inches in length
● 23 to 25 inches in wingspan
● 34 to 58 grams
● 9 years for lifespan
19
coot is about
to lift of from
the sea

20. Common Murre
A common murre is a half penguin and half bird animal. This animal lives
at the rocky cliffs in the northern oceans. During the winter time, it lives
closer to the seas. For reproduction, the baby leaves it’s family after three
weeks , but it keeps in touch with its dad by vocal sounds. All common
murres eats fish, squid, and other marine invertebrates. Its predators are
bald eagles, gulls, ravens, foxes, and humans. Its prey are sandance, capelin,
bering, and invertebrates.The lifespan of common murre is 15-20 years.
● 15 to 16.9 inches in length
● 25.2 to 28 inches in wingspan
● 2.2 pounds in weight
20
a common
murre standing
on a giant
rock

21. Mallard Duck
Mallard Ducks are omnivores. They are found in wetlands. These type of
ducks are very common. You can identify them by looking at their wings
which are half purple and blue. Mallard Ducks eat invertebrates, fish,
amphibians and different types of plants. On land they eat eat grains,
plants and graze on land. For reproduction, mallard ducks lay about a
dozen eggs in a month.
● 19.7 to 25.6 inches in length
● 32.3 to 37.4 inches in wingspan
● 2 to 3 pounds in weight
● 20 years in life span
21`
Two mallard ducks
sitting together

22. Plants
part 2
22

23. Chain fern
Chain Ferns are plants which are a type of fern. The Woodwardia fimbriata
is a type of chain fern which is found in Washington, Oregon, California,
Nevada, Arizona, and British Columbia. This plant is very clumpy. The
woodwardia Fimbriata is the largest fern in North America. Since it looks
like a metal chain, you can easily identify it. Tribal people use these plants as
fiber. Sadly, it is dangered by the living organisms around the world.
● 6 feet in height
● 3-9 feet in width
23
a chain fern plant

24. Water Buttercup
24
The water cup has 5
petals. Water buttercup
grows in marshes, ponds,
lakes, and streams. They
also are usually found in
water less than 1 meter
deep.A different name for
water buttercup are White
Water-buttercup, Water-
crowfoot. Life span varies
on where it lives.
Family: Buttercup Family
Growing Form: Water plant
Height: 4–20 in
Blooming time: June-July
Water Buttercup

25. Red Elderberry
The Red Elderberry flower buds are pink when closed, and the open
flowers are white, cream, or yellowish. The other names are Sambucus
callicarpa, Sambucus microbotrys, Sambucus pubens, Sambucus pubens.
var. arborescens, Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa, Sambucus
racemosa ssp. pubens and Sambucus racemosa var. pubens.
25
● Habitat: Beaches, shorelines, fresh watersides
● Size: 5ft - 30 ft.
● Lifespan: Perennial (Throughout the year)
● Reproduction: Fruit with 3-5 seeds.
Red
Elderberry

26. Arroyo Willow
26
Arroyo Willow is abundantly
found in the northern hemisphere ,it is native
throughout California and Western U.S.A.
It is a woodland riparian found along edges of
streams where it gets the soil it needs.
Some fun facts are it’s hormones are used to help
other plant cuttings take root.There is also a chemical
called willow aspron that cure illnesses such as
diarrhea and fever.
The inner bark was used by native americans for
ropes,baskets,stakes, and more.
● Can Grow up to 30 feet
● Life Span is up to 86 years
“Young arroyo Willow beside a stream”

27. Conclusion
From Pelicans to ducks, loons to sandpiper, and snowy plover we
should respect all these majestic and interesting animals, especially
since animals such as the snowy plover, pied bill grebe,and pacific
loon are endangered. We have to care for these animals by treating
them with respect when we go to the marin headlands because they
form an important ecosystem of marin headlands and without them
marin headlands would not be the same.
27

28. Quiz Questions
1. Who takes most care of the eggs the female or the male Sandpiper?
2. How many eggs does a female snowy plover lay?
3. What do tribal people use for fiber?
4. What dance do the Western Grebes do?
5. What animal has Pato coacoxtle as a mexican name.
6.What animals or plants in our field book are endangered?
28

29. Quiz Answers
1.The male takes care the most.
2. The female snowy plover lays three buffy eggs.
3. Tribal people use chain fern plants as fiber.
4. The Western Grebes do a dance called weed dance
5. The animal that has Pato coacoxtle as a mexican name is the canvasback.
6.The Snowy Plover,Pied Bill Grebe,and Pacific Loon are endangered
29

30. Harini’s Websites used
● http://www.alaskasealife.org/New/visitors/?page=common-murre.php
● http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/mallard-duck
● http://www.rainyside.com/plant_gallery/natives/Woodwardia_fimbriata.html
● http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/65/overview/American_Coot.aspx
.
30

31. Harini’s Bibliography For
Websites1. <http://www.alaskasealife.org/New/visitors/?page=common-murre.php>
2."Mallard Ducks, Mallard Duck Pictures, Mallard Duck Facts - National Geographic." National Geographic. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/mallard-duck/>
3."Woodwardia Fimbriata." - GIANT CHAIN FERN. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.rainyside.com/plant_gallery/natives/Woodwardia_fimbriata.html>
4. "Field Guide to Birds of North America." American Coot. Web. 24 Mar. 2015.
<http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/65/overview/American_Coot.aspx>.
31

32. ● http://www.tringa.org/images/1702_Common_Murre_06-20-2011_1.jpg
● http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4038/4618785470_42e37594b2.jpg
● http://greglasley.com/images/A/American-Coot-0026.jpg
● http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bd/Ducks_in_plymouth,_massachusetts-edit1.jpg
● http://images.irunfar.com/wp-content/uploads/Muir-Beach.jpg
● http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/03/03D398BA-DF55-49A2-B909-
70C5D69EBE10/Presentation.Large/Chain-fern-leaves.jpg
● http://www.hartstoneinn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/pansy.jpg
Harini’s Pictures Used
32

33. Harini’s Bibliography for
Books1. snowy plover- Vanner Michael, The encyclopedia of North American Birds,
Pargan, Bath Uk, 2002
2. coot- Vanner Michael, The encyclopedia of North American Birds, Pargan,
Bath, Uk, 2002
33

34. Harini’s Bibliography for
Pictures1.Baby Birdorable : Snowy Plover In Plovers, Baby Birds. Digital image. Www.birdorable.com. 1 Jan. 2010. Web.
2. Animals For Coots Flying. Digital image. Animal-kid.com. Web.
3.Common Murre 1. Digital image. Www.tringa.org. Web
4.Wikipedia:Featured Picture Candidates/Two Mallard Ducks. Digital image. En.wikipedia.org. Web.
5.Chain Fern Videos, Photos and Facts - Woodwardia Radicans. Digital image.Www.arkive.org. Web.
34

35. Charmi’s Pictures used
1. http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/detail.asp?recNum=TS0426
2. http://www.arkive.org/double-crested-cormorant/phalacrocorax-auritus/
3. http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/brandts_cormorant
4. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canvasback/id
5. http://www.oceanoasis.org/fieldguide/laru-hee.html
35

36. Charmi’s Websites Used
1. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canvasback/id
2. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brandts_Cormorant/lifehistory
3. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Double-crested_Cormorant/id
4. http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sara2.pdf.
36

37. Charmi’s bibliography for pictures
1. "Red Elderberry Sambucus Racemosa Var. Racemosa (Sambucus Pubens, Sambucus
Callicarpa, Sambucus Microbotrys)." ENature: FieldGuides: Species Detail. Web. 23 Mar.
2015. <http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/enlarged.asp?imageID=20222>.
2. "The Beautiful Heermann's Gull." Birdorable RSS. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.birdorable.com/blog/the-beautiful-heermanns-gull/>.
3. "Double-crested Cormorant Videos, Photos and Facts." - Phalacrocorax Auritus. Web. 23 Mar.
2015. <http://www.arkive.org/double-crested-cormorant/phalacrocorax-auritus/>.
4. "Critter Catalog." BioKIDS. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Aythya_valisineria/>.
5. "Brandt's Cormorant." BirdWeb. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
<http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/brandts_cormorant>.
37

38. Charmi’s bibliography for
Websites1. "Canvasback." , Identification, All About Birds. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canvasback/id>.
2. "Brandt's Cormorant." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brandts_Cormorant/lifehistory>.
3. "Double-crested Cormorant." , Identification, All About Birds. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Double-crested_Cormorant/id>.
4. "Heermann's Gull." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Heermanns_Gull/lifehistory>.
5. "Red Elderberry." Web. 17 Mar. 2015. <http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sara2.pdf>.
38

39. Charmi’s bibliography for
books1. Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Print.
2. Medve, Richard J., and Mary Lee Medve. Edible Wild Plants of Pennsylvania and Neighboring
States. University Park [Pa.: Pennsylvania State UP, 1990. Print.
3. Telander, Todd. "Cormorants." Birds of the Pacific Northwest. 35. Print.
39

40. Divyanshi’s pictures used
40

41. Divyanshi’s Websites used
●
41
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/pelican/
●
●
● http://www.seattleaudubon.org/birdweb/bird/brown_pelican
http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/brown_pelican/lifehistory
http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pied-billed_Grebe
● http://www.ct.gov/deep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=326056
●
http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/piedgrebe.htm
http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/pied-billed_grebe

42. Divyanshi’s Websites used
● Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow) :: Golden Gate National …
42
● http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/western_grebe
Western Grebe, Identification, All About Birds - Cornell Lab ...
http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Grebe
● http://northwestwildlife.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Western-grebe.pdf

43. Divyanshi’s bibliography for
picture
● Higgins, Paul. Western Grebe. Digital image. Western Grebe. 18 Apr.
2010.
● Chappell, Mark. Pacific Loon. Digital image. www.arkive.org. Web.
● Pied Bill Grebe Baby Feeding. Digital image. Forums. 16 June 2010. Web.
● Rattigan, Charlie. Brown Pelicans. Digital image. Audubon Guides. 1 May
2013. Web.
● Arroyo Willow. Digital image. Willows of the Columbia River Gorge of
Oregon and Washington. 20 Apr. 2012. Web.
43

44. Divyanshi’s bibliography for
books and Encyclopedias
1.Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 26 Mar. 2015
2."Brown Pelican." Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species
of North America. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Mar. 2015
<http://www.encyclopedia.com>."
44

45. Meghana’s Websites Used
● http://thewildclassroom.com/biodiversity/problemplants/species/Water%20Bu
ttercup.htm
● http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/common-water-crowfoot
● http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bufflehead/lifehistory#at_food
● http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Bucephala_albeola/
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/common-sandpiper/
http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Sandpiper/lifehistory
● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_buttercup.jpg
45
● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufflehead_(Bucephala
_albeola).jpg
● http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Actitis_macularius/
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sandpiper
● http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Larus_californicus/
● http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Gull/lifehistory
● http://seagullsteve.blogspot.com/2012/08/cathartic-california-
birding-yellow.html
● http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Willet/lifehistory#at_behavio
r
● http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Catoptrophorus_semipal
matus/
● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willet_bird.jpg

46. Meghana’s Bibliography For
PicturesDigital image. Http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willet_bird.jpg. Web.
Digital image. Http://seagullsteve.blogspot.com/2012/08/cathartic-california-birding-yellow.html. Web.
Digital image. Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sandpiper. Web.
Digital image. Http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_buttercup.jpg. Web.
Digital image. Http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufflehead_(Bucephala_albeola).jpg. Web.
46

47. Meghana’s Bibliography For
WebsitesWeb. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufflehead_(Bucephala_albeola).jpg>
Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Actitis_macularius/>.
"Western Sandpiper." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sandpiper>
Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Larus_californicus/>.
"California Gull." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Gull/lifehistory>.
"Bourbon, Bastards, and Birds." : Cathartic California Birding: The Yellow-footed Gull. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
<http://seagullsteve.blogspot.com/2012/08/cathartic-california-birding-yellow.html>.
"Willet." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Willet/lifehistory#at_behavior>.
"Critter Catalog." BioKIDS. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Catoptrophorus_semipalmatus/>.
Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willet_bird.jpg>.
"Water Buttercup - Ranunculus AquatilisFamily: Ranunculaceae." Water Buttercup. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
<http://thewildclassroom.com/biodiversity/problemplants/species/Water Buttercup.htm>
"Luontoportti." Common Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus Aquatilis. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/common-water-crowfoot>.
"Bufflehead." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bufflehead/lifehistory#at_food>.
47

48. Meghana’s Bibliography For
Websites"Critter Catalog." BioKIDS. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Bucephala_albeola/>.
Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/common-sandpiper/
http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Sandpiper/lifehistory>.
"Western Sandpiper." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Sandpiper/lifehistory>.
Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_buttercup.jpg>.
48

49. Meghana’s Bibliography for
BooksWillet. Hartford: Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, Wildlife Division, 1993. Print
Winkler, David Ward. California Gull: Larus Californicus. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union ;, 1996. Print.
49