2. The Structure of Problem-Solution Texts Introduction/Process Main idea Supporting Fact (Raising Doubt) Thesis Body Topic One: The Problem Supports Topic Two: The Solution Conclusion Restatement of thesis in new words. Recommendations/clarifications of supporting facts Concluding sentence
4. Midposition Adverbs We learned Adverbs are normally before the main verb in formal writing Are now published Have more recently been produced We also learned that one word is preferred to a phrasal With care=carefully Only in a couple of paragraphs=briefly
5. Passive Voice The sciences, in general, tend to favor passive constructions (the humanities do not). This is part of the culture of the sciences in English. Focus is on description of work done rather than who did it. Passives force the past participle –ed/-en ending. You cannot have a passive construction with an –ing verb ending.
6. Active Voice Should be used when the focus is on the human element. Should be used when describing changes of state.
7. Cause and Effect P-S texts often rely on cause and effect Therefore, thus, as a result can often be used to change a set of result statements into the progressive. The magma flows into the pores of the rocks; as a result, the rocks rupture. The magma flows into the pores of the rocks, thus causing them to rupture. The magma flows into the pores of the rocks, causing them to rupture.
8. Indirect Questions How do we get around the no question rule? SV should not be inverted. Remember our transformations! Words and phrases can be used. Task 15
