Geolab

Geolab
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
38.1
Q: Distinguish between pollination and fertilization.
A: In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the
fusion of the egg and sperm to form the zygote; it cannot occur until after the growth of the pollen
tube from the pollen grain.
Q: What is the benefit of seed dormancy?
A: Seed dormancy prevents the premature germination of seeds. A see will germinate only when the
environmental conditions are optimal for the survival of its embryo as a young seedling.
Q: If flowers had shorter styles, pollen tubes would more easily reach the embryo sac. Suggest an
explanation for why very long styles have evolved in most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Moreover sexual reproduction produces genetic variety, which may be advantageous in an unstable
environment. The likelihood is better that at least one offspring of sexual reproduction will survived
in a change environment.
38.3
Q: Compare traditional plant breeding methods with genetic engineering.
A: Traditionally breeding and genetic engineering both involved artificial selection for desired traits.
However genetic engineering techniques facilitate faster gen transfer and are not limited to
transferring genes between closely related varieties or species.
Q: Explain some benefits and risk of GM crops
A: GM crops may be more nutritious and less susceptible to insect damage or pathogens that invade
insect damaged plants. They also may not require as much chemical spraying. However, unknown
risk may include adverse effects on human health and nontarget organism and the possibility of
transgene escape.
Q: why does Bt maize have less fumonisin than non GM maize?
A: Bt miaze suffers less inect damage, therefore Bt maize plants are less likely to infected by
fumonisin producing fungi that infect plants through wounds.
Q: In a few species, chloroplast genes are inherited only from sperm. How might this influence
effort to prevents transgene escape?

A: in such species, engineering the transgene into the chloroplast DNA would not prevent its escape
in pollen; such as method requires that cholorplast DNA be found only in the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Droseraceae: The Carnivorous Plant Family Essay
The family Droseraceae is a cosmopolitan species that is found on all of the continents with the
exception of Antarctica. This is likely the most diverse carnivorous plant family and has 150–160
species. 11 of these species are found in the United States (Webb D. 2008). This family is usually
found as an herb or rarely a small shrub. The leaves of this family are alternate or whorled. This
family has simple leaves, with the lamina with glandular hairs which trap insects, or have bristles
that cause the lamina to close. The stipules may be present or absent. The Stamens are as many as
there are petals. The stamens may be distinct, or connate at the base. The anthers are dithecal,
opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The insects are captured by the stalked glands on the surface of the leave and are eventually covered
by the sticky glands. After the prey has been dissolved by the enzymes which are secreted by the
tentacles, the leaf opens and resets the trap. Another genus in the family Droseraceae is the genus
Dionaea which is the genus of the Venus flytrap. The Venus flytrap has a basal rosette of leaves that
are up to 20 cm across. Each of the leaves has a flat stalk that ends in a trap that is close to 2 cm
across. The center of the "trap" has a reddish color and the sides of the trap have fourteen to twenty
stiff bristles that interlock when the trap closes. The flowers of this plant are white and in a cluster at
the tip on a 15–45 cm stalk. The flowers have five sepals and five petals. There are 15–20 stamens.
The seeds are numerous and are formed in a round capsule (Rix M, Cheek M, Davis S. 2011). This
genus is found in south–east United States in North and South Carolina. There are also populations
recorded from New Jersey and from Florida. These two populations are thought to be exotic. The
Venus flytrap is commonly grown as an ornamental due to the interesting action of it consuming
insects. It is also thought that it is possible that the napthoquinons that are in the plant may have
medicinal value. The family of Droseraceae is not well known for being very economically
important. However,

Spotted Touch-Brown Flowers
Spotted touch–me–not has an unmistakable, bright orange color. There are red–brown speckles
throughout the flower. The shape of the flower is interesting as well. It is similar to the shape of a
cornucopia, which is composed of 3 unequal sepals and 5 petals (appearing as 3). These unique
flowers hang off their balances from a slender stem. The flowers attract animal species such as
hummingbirds, who suck the nectar out of the plant.
The stem seems watery, and when picked the entire plant will wilt quickly. There are multiple
branches per plant. Because of this, and the fact that the plant can grow up to 5 feet high, it can have
a bush like appearance. The stem is so watery because this plant tends to grow in moist areas, such
as along streambanks.

Essay about Symbolism of “The Storm"
Kate Chopin wrote the short story "The Storm" one of her most bold stories and did not even
intention to publish it (Cutter 191). The two main characters in the story are Calixta and Alcee. They
both used to be attracted to one another in previous years, but now they are both married to someone
else. After Alcee arrives to Calixta's house looking for shelter they are driven into a passionate
moment. In the story "The Storm" the storm has a significant meaning; without it the affair of
Calixta and Alcee performed would not have been as powerful as it was between them. "The Storm"
has a great deal of symbolism throughout the story: the clouds, the use of color white, the storm
relative to the affair, the after effects of the affair, Calixta, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Then before and during their powerful sexual encounter Chopin uses white to symbolize purity: "her
white neck," "white throat and her whiter breasts," and "white as the couch she lay upon" (533).
Chopin defines Calixta's affection "was like a white flame" (533). This describes the white flame
being the most powerful part of the flame. Her passion for him was so superior that nothing could be
done to halt her emotions. Adding to the symbolism of the color white could also be related to her
Spanish blood. "Perhaps only possible because of her "mixed blood" which allows an expression of
sexuality deemed outside the bounds of white norms" (Brown as std. in Holtman 76). Adding to
symbolism in "The Storm" Chopin states "Do you remember in Assumption, Calixta?" (533). This
describes the purity and innocence referring to the Virgin Mary. As stated in a criticism Anna
Shannon Elfenbein, "who asserts that Chopin's reference to the town of Assumption elevates 'sexual
experience to the status of a religious sacrament'" (Stein 55). This means assumption is the elevating
of the body of Mary into heaven.
After Calixta meets with Alcee she no longer show signs of frustration or exhaustion; she is now
worried about Bobinot and Bibi out in the storm. As Alcee is walking to the porch he "snatched
Bibi's braided jacket that was about to be carried away by a sudden gust of wind" (Chopin 532).
This evidence demonstrates Alcee will to obtain anything he

Analysis Of The Poem ' Fairy Girl '
Goat Girl
In a cottage far far away there lived a girl named June. June lived with her mother and father. Every
day, June and her mother would go out and find new flowers to look at and to see and eventually
sell. June's mother 's favorite flower was a petal flower and the only place that had the petal flower
was by the Witch 's' house. Once in awhile June and her mother would go out and try to see the
flower without getting caught by the mean old Witch. While June and her mom went flower hunting
her father would go out and try to sell the different types of flowers that they picked.
One day, the mother was getting old and sadly died. June was only 15, but she had to keep finding
new flowers to keep her dad and her alive. Her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Witch ran past and grabbed June. She was too fast and June couldn 't escape. The Witch quickly
locked her up in a jail cell that was located in her basement. "Little girl", said the Witch, "Since you
have stolen my flowers I have no choice but to CURSE YOU". "Those flowers took years to grow
and I made them, that is why you can 't find them anywhere else", The Witch explained. The Witch
took something out of her cabinet and threw it onto June. She threw a goat potion because all of a
sudden June turned into a goat. "Why did everything turn so small?", cried June. "You fool," said the
Witch, "you have turned into a goat, and you will be like that for the rest of your life if you can find
three roses. You have to tomorrow night to break the curse, but if you don 't you will be a goat
forever." June has seen roses before. Roses were located on the way to the petal flowers, because
she made her trip here everyday she knew exactly where the are! The Witch unlocked the jail cell
and June started her journey. The duck stopped in her path and repeated his saying, "If you fix
things, other things will be fixed!" "Ramo, I am on a very important journey. If I cant find three
roses by tomorrow I will be stuck like this forever," June cried. "Can I join you?" Ramo asked.
"Sure", June commented.
June and Ramo started their adventure. June realized that the duck is also under a curse. Secretly the
duck was the prince and he had

Flower Dissection Lab
Purpose:
To examine the different parts of a flower by dissecting their structures for observation under the
microscope. From the dissection of the flower, this enables and enhances the recognition and
identification of the various parts as well as their functions, by applying knowledge of what have
been previously learned in class.
Materials:
The materials that will be needed for this lab would be a flower, dissecting tray, forceps, scalpel,
probe, microscope, petri dish, slide, coverslips, pipette, and a beaker.
Procedure:
See the attached paper, Biology 11: Flower Dissection Lab.
Observations:
The flower was fully opened giving off a floral scent with the pink petals jutting outwards, revealing
the pistil and stamens. The pigmentation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The class that this flower belongs to would be angiosperms of monocots because their flower parts
are in multiples of 3 such as possessing 3 petals, 6 stamens, 6 anthers, and 3 sepals, they do not have
a woodiness in them and the veins in their leaves were parallel.
Based on the appearance of the flower, it is likely that they cross–pollinate because of their brightly
coloured petals, which attracts animals mainly of insects, to help them transfer pollen. Another
factor would be having long stamens and a long pistil, which allows for a better access for
pollinators and the wind to carry and transfer their pollen.
The structures that were identifiable were pollen and the pollen sac. The purpose of pollen are that
they deliver male gametes from the stamen of a plant to an ovule for the fertilization of an egg. The
pollen sac serves as a cavity in the anther which produces pollen.
The structures in the ovary that were identifiable were the ovule, placenta, and the funiculus. The
function of the ovule would be that it is the place where female reproductive cells are made and
contained, which will eventually develop into a seed after fertilization. The placenta arranges the
ovules within the ovule, providing connection with ovary walls and nutrition to developing seeds,
while the funiculus is a stalk that attaches an ovule or a seed to the

The Roles of Transcriptional Co-repressors in Plants
The Roles of Transcriptional Co–repressors in Plants
Introduction
Transcriptional repression is an important process in many biological pathways. These include
development, maintaining homeostasis and regulating physiological processes. In order to control
the multitude of pathways, there are a number of repressive mechanisms that are elicited by a
diverse set of proteins. These proteins can be broadly classified based on their functional properties.
For example, some repressors function at cis–regulatory elements to directly interfere with
transcriptional machinery (Fig. 1b). Other repressors alter the chromatin structure surrounding a
gene (Fig. 1a), which in turn represses transcription in a less direct fashion. Transcriptional
repressors can also be defined by whether they bind DNA directly or bind DNA bound transcription
factors to modulate their function (Fig. 1c, d). Proteins that use the later mechanism are termed co–
repressors [1]. The Groucho/Tup1 (Gro/Tup1) class is a conserved family of co–repressors found in
a range of eukaryotic organisms, established by the metazoan protein Groucho.
Figure 1 – Diversity and classifications of repressors. (a) Repressors can prevent transcription by
modifying chromatin. Proteins recruited by the repressor such as histone deacetylase (HDAC), de–
novo methyltransferase (Dnmt) and Swi/Snf modify chromatin surrounding a gene to reduce
transcription. (b) Repressors prevent gene expression by interfering with transcriptional

AP Stats Mid Term Review Problem Set
____ 1. The pie chart describes the distribution of state tree types for the 50 states in the United
States. The category "Other" include all trees that are the state tree for two or fewer states. Which of
the following conclusions can we draw from this chart?
a.
Some states have not designated a "state tree."
b.
The cottonwood is the state tree for 12 states.
c.
Taken together, oak, pine, and maple are the state trees for more than half the states.
d.
There are 10 states that have designated a pine as their state tree.
e.
There is no state that has designated the Eastern Red Cedar as its state tree.
____ 2. The following bar graph gives the percent of owners of three brands of trucks who are
satisfied with their truck.
From ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mean speed of vehicles in the "any vehicle" lanes is 64 miles per hour. What must be true about
the mean speed of all vehicles on the turnpike, assuming these are the only types of lanes?
a.
It could be any number between 64 and 68 miles per hour.
b.
It must be larger than the median speed.
c.
It must be larger than 66 miles per hour.
d.
It must be 66 miles per hours.
e.
We don't have enough information to draw any conclusion about the mean speed of all vehicles.
____ 9. The mean birth weight of infants born at a certain hospital in the month of April was 128 oz.
with a standard deviation of 10.2 oz. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of standard
deviation?

a.
All the infants born in April weighed between 117.8 oz. and 138.2 oz.
b.
About half the infants born in April weighed between 117.8 oz. and 138.2 oz.
c.
The difference between the mean weight and the median weight of infants born in April was 10.2 oz.
d.
The distance between the weight of each infant bon in April and the mean weight was, on average,
about 10.2 oz.
e.
The mean weight of infants born in subsequent months is likely to be within 10.2 oz. of the mean
weight in April.
____ 10. A medical researcher collects health data on many women in each of several countries. One
of the variables measured for each woman in the study is her weight in pounds. The following list
gives the five–number summary for the weights of adult women in one of

Quotes From The Grapes Of Wrath '
Chapter 1– Twitter Feed: "If you have nothing nice to say, say nothing at all." @pheoby Unfamiliar
Words: Resignation| 1 | the acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable Sodden| 1 | saturated
with liquid, especially water; soaked through Relish| 2 | great enjoyment Brutes | 2 | a savagely
violent person or animal Pugnacious | 3 | eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight Quotes: "Ships at
a distance have every man's wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail
forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in
registration, his dreams mocked to death by Time. That is the life of men. (1) This quote is
significant because it shows the narrator's perspective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
consulate|45| the place or building in which a consul's duties are carried out obscene|46| offensive or
disgusting by accepted standards of morality and decency. jurisdiction|50| the official power to make
legal decisions and judgments. Quotes: "On the train the next day, joe didn't make many speeches
with rhymes to her, but he bought her the best things the butcher had, like apples and a glass lantern
full if the candies. Mostly he talked about plans for the town when he got there. They were bound to
need somebody like him. Janie took a lot of looks at him and she was proud of what she saw." (40)
This quote represents the theme change. Logan was old and rhymed, but Janie was not proud of him.
Janie likes Joe so far, and she is proud to be his wife. 2) "She's uh woman and her place is in de
home." (51) The theme represented in this quote is gender roles. Joe thinks that a woman has no
place speaking authority in front of crowds; he thinks Janie belongs in the home. 3) "Us colored
folks is too envious of one 'nother. Dat's how come us don't git o further than us do. Us talks about
de white man keepin' us down! Shucks! He don't have tuh. Us keeps our own selves

An Extraction Of Knowledge Using Meta Heuristic Models Essay
Soft Computing
An Extraction of Knowledge using meta heuristic models ––Manuscript Draft––
Manuscript Number:
SOCO–D–15–00222
Full Title:
An Extraction of Knowledge using meta heuristic models
Article Type:
Original Research
Keywords:
Data mining, association rule, fuzzy logic, neural network, particle swarm optimization, artificial
bee colony algorithm and harmony search algorithm
Abstract:
Huge amounts of data are collected nowadays from different application domains and are not
feasible to analyze all these data manually. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is the
nontrivial process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable
patterns in data. In recent years, soft computing became more and more attractive for the
researchers, who work in the related research field of data mining. This paper concerns primarily
about how to use soft computing model to extract knowledge from data mining (database). The data
mining preprocessing techniques have been applied on the available data to clean it in proper form
to extract the knowledge from the data. Thereafter, statistical analysis and soft computing techniques
have been applied on the clean data to select the preferable model. The decision of the preferable
model has to be achieved based on the maximum number of minimum value of the parameters of
residual analysis and average error. The preferable model has been used to extract the knowledge
from the data mining. The goal of the

Anatomy of an Orchid Flower
Anatomy of an Orchid Flower
Despite the astonishing diversity found in the thousands of wild species and man–made hybrids,
orchid flowers show an unmistakable family resemblance. Orchid flowers are generally bilaterally
symmetrical–only a single imaginary line can be drawn through a flower to create a mirror image.
A typical orchid flower has three sepals (the outer segments that protect the bud before the flower
opens), alternating with three petals. The petals and sepals may be similar or not, showy or
inconspicuous.
The middle petal, which is always opposite the column, is usually quite different from the others.
Called the lip or labellum, it comes in a variety of shapes, depending on the species, and can be
wavy or fringed or covered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So in appealing to sex, these orchids limit their potential pollinators, which would seem to be a
reproductive disadvantage.
Despite the apparent drawback, sexual deception has evolved several times in different types of
orchids. So there must be some selective advantage, and researchers Salvatore Cozzolino and
Giovanni Scopece of the University of Naples Federico II, Steven Johnson of University of
KwaZulu–Natal (South Africa) and Florian Schiestl of the University of Zürich appear to have
figured out what it is.
Schiestl and his team observed populations of 31 orchid species with varying pollination strategies
in Italy and Western Australia. They measured the amount of pollen that was taken from each
orchid, and the amount of pollen that made it to its intended destination –– another orchid of the
same species.
They found that populations of sexually deceptive orchids had higher "pollen transport efficiency"
than the species with multiple pollinators. In other words, a higher percentage of the pollen that was
taken from sexually deceptive orchids actually made it to another orchid of the same species. The
orchids with multiple pollinators had more pollen taken from their flowers, but more of that pollen
was lost –– dropped to the ground or deposited in flowers of the wrong species.
So it appears that specializing with

Life Cycle of a Plant, Dominant and Recessive Traits
Paragraph One: Description of the life cycle of a plant from seed to seed (information about the
seed, germination, growth, development, flower, pollination, fruit, seed; information is accurate)
The life cycle of a plant from seed to seed is not that complicated, it consists of a few steps. This all
starts with a seed. The first step is for the seed to germinate and turn into a seedling. Once the
seedling is formed, it will then grow into an adult plant with petals. These petals will then sprout to
flowers, which will produce fruits. The flowers will go to a process of fertilization called
pollination, that's when the pollen is moved from anthers to stigmas. Since the pollen contains sperm
and it is passed on to the ovules in the ovary, the sperm moves down to an ovule, which contains
eggs. Fertilization then happens when the sperm fuses with the egg in the ovule. The petals and
stamens then fall away creating a fruit. These fruits contain seeds, and once the plant has died, the
seeds will fall to the ground and repeat this cycle. So to summarize, the seed goes through a process
called germination and forms into a seedling, which then grows roots and forms true leaves. This
plant continues to grow until flowers are formed. The next step is a process called pollination and
fertilization, which then forms a fruit. The fruit will release the seeds and the process repeats.
Paragraph Two: Description of the purposes of the different parts of the plant
(Information

Myrtacea Family Research Paper
Myrtacea Family: Varying from tall trees to woody shrubs, with aromatic leaves that possess oil
glands. The leaves are either alternate, opposite or whorled. Flowers are symmetrically radial and
perigynous; possessing 4 or 5 sepals and petals; at least 5 stamen which are long and obvious.
Anthers are adnate or versatile, opening by longitudinal slits or by pores. (Flora of Australia Volume
19 1998).  Eucalyptus genus: Exist as either mallees or trees, possessing smooth or rough bark.
Adult Eucalypt leaves petiolate, are decusate and can be either glossy or dull. Their petals and sepals
are joined, forming a cap over the bud which results in one or two opercula instead (Flora of
Australia Volume 19 1998).  Leptospermum genus: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Racemose inflorescences, although conflorsecences are sometimes present in raceme arrangement.
Flowers are usually paired and short stalked. Sepals present in 4s and free, arranged into a tube. 4
stamens present. Anthers are 2 locular, (Flora of Australia Volume 17B 1999).  Banksia Genus:
Trees or shrubs, with hairy, toothed to entire leaves that alternate, although sometimes whorled.
Conflorescences present as terminal on branchlets and are cylindrical to ovoid; dense, multi–flowers
and spike–like. Flowers zygomorphic, in pairs, and have a perianth which is tubular in the bud, with
sepals that split at anthesis. The anthers themselves are sessile in concave tips of the sepals. (Flora of
Australia Volume 17B 1999).  Hakea Genus: Small tree or shrubs. Leaves are flat.
Conflorescences present in raceme arrangement. Flowers are zygomorphic, either paired, or in
flowered clusters Leaves to Landscape EVSC20001 Excursion Assignment Benjamin Wee 718770
30th April 2016 before being paired obviously or not. 4 anthers present, sessile. Perianth tube
revolute and are curved under the limb, with sepals that either split to base or will remain fused and
split only on the upper side (Flora of Australia Volume 17B

Heart Diseases Atrial Septal Defect
Heart Diseases Atrial Septal Defect
Body System Atrial Septal Defect affects the cardiovascular system of a person's heart and affects a
person's life. The understanding of the heart and the process it completes in our bodies. As we look
into the difference of what the heart does and the challenges you go through when your heart is not
healthy. When we our born we our born with heart murmur's in which they are supposed to close
throughout your growing process. Atrial Septsl Defect is a hole in your heart that should be fixed in
order for the person to live longer or a full life.
The heart beats and pumps blood through our blood vessels, in which carries oxygen to our lungs.
There are three main types of blood vessels in the heart circulatory, in which are the Arties,
Capillaries, and Veins. The Arteries that is the aorta large artery carry oxygen blood away from the
heart, the branch becoming smaller as they carry blood further from the heart into organs.
Capillaries connect the arteries and veins allowing oxygen, nutrients and carbon dioxide pass
through the cells. Veins are the one that passes through the vessels and remove waste products from
our bodies.
The heart consists into three layers in which are endocardium, the myocardium, and the epicardium.
The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart (chambers and valves). The myocardium is the
middle muscular layer which is responsible for heart contraction. The epicardium is the outside layer
of the heart

Lab Report : ' Lab Girl '
In Lab Girl, Hope Jahren describes flowers as being "a platform of petals surrounding the 'male' and
'female' parts" (202). Indeed, flowers play a fundamental role in plant reproduction and pollination.
As an abundantly diverse species, they can be found in various habitats ranging from the Mojave
Desert to the Everglades. Overall, a single flower, as beautiful and common as it may be, has the
ability to lure insects, produce seeds, and ultimately facilitate new plant life.
Flowers –also considered as blooms or blossoms– are the reproductive system of angiosperms:
plants that produce seeds. (U. 2002). These conspicuous plant parts consist of three major
components the perianth, the androecium, and the gynoecium. The perianth or the floral ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flowers that have all of their floral parts: sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil are known as complete
flowers. Subsequently flowers which lack one or more of their parts are known as incomplete
flowers. In the cases involving symmetry, a flower is considered regular if its whorls are
symmetrical and irregular if it is unsymmetrical. According to their sexes, a plant is considered
perfect if it has both the male and female reproductive system and imperfect if it only has one
reproductive system. Lastly if a flower has numerous sepals, petals, stamens and pistils, it is
considered as simple. A compound flower is thus a flower that has a more reduced number of each
floral organ.
According to The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, flowers, regardless of their diversity, all have
a sole function; to reproduce (2017). There are two main organs that are involved in reproduction:
the stamens and pistils. The stamen has spore cases (microsporangia) in which numerous
microspores (potential pollen grains) can be developed. Fertilization can only occur through
pollination; when the pollen grains from the anther is transferred to the stigma of a pistil. The two
main types of pollination are self pollination and cross pollination. Self pollination also referred to
as autogamy, is when a flower can fertilize itself because it has both female and male reproductive
system. The most common type of pollination, however, is cross pollination. In cross pollination, a
flower is

Underwater Invader : A Small Group Of Aquatic Plants That...
Underwater Invader: Cabomba caroliniana According to the Department of Ecology for the state of
Washington, the Cabomba genus is a small group of aquatic plants that have invaded several
different countries. "The genus Cabomba is in the family Cabombaceae in the major group
Angiosperms" (The Plant List, 2013). There are five species of Cabomba: aquatic, furcate, haynesii,
palaeformis, and caroliniana (The Plant List, 2013). The most local to our community being the
Cabomba caroliniana. This plant is also known for its more common names such as fanwort, fish
grass, Carolina water shield, green Cabomba, and Washington grass (Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources, 2015). Cabomba caroliniana is easily recognizable by its "finely [divided]
underwater leaves that are feathery or fan–like" (Schooler, Julien, & Walsh 2006). The leaves are
olive green and are separated into two types; submerged or floating (Non–native Invasive
Freshwater Plants, n.d.). Additionally, the leaves are five centimeters long and emit mucus, which
covers the submerged part of the plant (Cabomba caroliniana USGS, n.d.). The floating leaves are
smaller and have a more diamond shaped (Cabomba caroliniana USGS, n.d.). They also are fewer
than the submerged leaves (Center For Aquatic and Invasive Plants, 2016). Floating on the surface
of the water are small white flowers, usually two centimeters in diameter, "that are composed of
three white petals and three white sepals" (Schooler, Julien, & Walsh, 2006).

Plant Life Chapter 38
Chapter 38 Plant reproduction and Development
Sexual Reproduction
1. In general terms, explain how the basic plant life cycle with alternation of generations is modified
in angiosperms.
The basic plant life cycle with alternation of generations is modified in angiosperms by the change
of haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations, which take turns making each other. 2. List four floral
parts in order from outside to inside a flower.
 Sepals
 Petals
 Stamen
 Carpels
3. From a diagram of an idealized flower, correctly label the following structures and describe the
function of each structure:  a. sepals– Sepals are in charge of protecting the flower's bud before it
blooms. It has the qualities of a leave and is usually in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has many advantages, such as the fact that double fertilization guarantees that the endosperm
will develop only in ovules where the egg has been fertilized. It also avoids angiosperms from
wasting nutrients. 13. Explain how fertilization in animals is similar to that in plants.
 Fertilization in animals is similar to that in plants because its first cellcell change occurs after
gamete fusion rises in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels as it does in animal gamete fusion. Also, the
plants make a block to polyspermy, which is the fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm cell,
as do the animal's cell's eggs. 14. Describe the fate of the ovule and ovary after double fertilization.
Note where major nutrients are stored as the embryo develops.
 After double fertilization, the ovule matures into a seed, and the ovary matures into a fruit
encircling the seed. As the embryo grows the seed stores proteins, oils, and starch. 15. Describe the
development and function of the endosperm. Distinguish between liquid endosperm and solid
endosperm.
 After embryo development, endosperm is growth to store nutrients. This happens after double
fertilization, when the triploid nucleus of the ovule's central cell divides. This causes the formation
of a milky multinucleate "supercell". This becomes multicellular after cytokinesis. Finally, when the
cell walls are completed, the endosperm becomes solid. 16. Describe the development of

Analysis of Robert Frost's Departmental Essays
"Departmental" by Robert Frost is a poem written in rhymed couplets with three beats per line
(trimeter). Throughout the poem, Frost uses poetic devices such as personification, allusion, rhyme,
and alliteration. The poem as a whole serves as a metaphor for the way humans deal with issues like
death. The poem begins with a description of a scene familiar to many, "an ant on a tablecloth "
Then the ant bumps into a day drowsy moth that is much larger than him. The ant seems a tad bit
jealous that the moth lacks the amount of responsibility that ants are burdened with. The ant thinks
that if the moth were one of his own race he'd chastise him and send him back to work. He describes
how the ant society is much more sophisticated and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The poet uses a number of poetic devices to enrich his poem. The most obvious device used is the
rhyme scheme. The poem uses the aa, bb, cc, dd rhyme format. Frost uses personification to draw
a correlation between ant life and human life. For example, the line "he showed not the least
surprise," gives the ant a human quality of emotion such as surprise. The author also uses several
forms of allusion. Janizary is an allusion to an elite guard in the 14th century Turkish army, a sepal
is an allusion to the outer–protective covering of a flower, and ichor is an allusion to a mythological
word meaning the blood of the gods. This poem uses a few instances of alliteration as well. One
example is the line " and heaving him high in the air," with the repetition of the consonant sound
"h." "Departmental" may be taken as a humorous poem at first glance, but I feel that its comic
elements serve as a means of portraying such serious matters as the unsighted effects of custom in a
society and the lack of concern of a group to an individual. In this poem the human race is viewed
through the analogy of an ant hive, and we see the irrationality of society's adherence to a distant
social edict by observing the ants as they discover the death of one of their coworkers. The author
depicts with savage irony the government structured measures for handling Jerry's burial. Frost also
illustrates the "mortician" ant's somewhat cold professionalism, and the

The Life of a Sanguinaria Canadensis
The Life of a Sanguinaria Canadensis The Sanguinaria is a beautiful wildflower that can be found in
many places throughout North America. This popular flower is a member of the poppy family, and
is the only member of its genus, it falls under the flowering plants division, it is a part of the plants
kingdom, it is in the class of dicotyledons, and it is also a perennial herb that is produced from an
underground stem. Sanguinaria canadensis L. is the scientific name of this flower, and it is most
commonly called a Bloodroot. Sometimes it is also known as the bloodwort, redroot, coon root,
paucon, red paucon, sweet slumber, tetterwort, Indian plant, snakebite, turmeric, and black paste.
The bloodroot can be found throughout the mid and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flowers remain blooming when the sun is out for 1 or 2 days, being replaced by a seed capsule that
grows large, and later splits open to release its seeds. The rhizomes that are found at the roots of
these flowers, and the foliage contain a reddish juice. Over time the plants often form vegetative
colonies, these colonies self–pollinate to reproduce.
The reproductive system of the bloodroot is one that contain several strategies. The bloodroot limits
self–pollination, hoping that the pollinator landing on it will bring pollen from another to bloodroot
to cross–pollinate them. This happens when the stigma which is the middle of the flower and the
female reproductive organs becomes receptive before the anthers which are the male reproductive
organs. This strategy puts a limit on the amount of times the same flower can come in contact with
receptive stigma. The first few days when the flower is opening the antlers bends over towards the
outside of the flower, distancing themselves from the receptive stigma. When its warm pollinators
fly around and deposit pollen from one bloodroot onto the receptive stigma when visiting the flower.
This is easily done by bloodroots because they pollinate when other flowers aren't, which eliminates
the chances for other competition with other flowers. This primary pollinator for the bloodroot are
mining bees, collecting pollen from the underside of their bellies. Sweat bees feed on the

Tomato Plant
TOMATO PLANT 1)
Seed: Tomato seeds are small, flat and disk shaped and about 1/8 inch wide. They contain two
energy storage organs called cotyledons and an embryo encased in a hard outer shell called the seed
coat. The seed is the dormant or resting stage of the plant life cycle. When young tomato plants are
damaged, they tend to go into a dormant, survival stage in which plant growth is delayed for a
while. Frost damage is something to look out for when planting tomatoes early on in the season.
Frost damage is marked by tender, dark green spots on the leaves. Although they won't kill the plant,
frostbites will make them dormant for a while, delaying plant growth. During the germination
process, the seed absorbs moisture and nutrients ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have their own definite shape and arrangement in plants according to their requirements.
Leaves trap energy from sunlight and convert it into pure compounds. For this the leaves are
arranged on the stem in a way that they are exposed mostly in the sunlight. i) Leaves help in the
process of plant cellular respiration. Plant cellular respiration carried out in the daylight is called
photorespiration, or light respiration. The plant uses a portion of the oxygen created by
photosynthesis. Since the process of photosynthesis produces more oxygen than the plant can use,
the excess is released into the air through the stomata, tiny air holes in the leaves. The plant takes its
sugars directly from what is being produced by photosynthesis. 5) Food Making: j) Photosynthesis:
the process of producing and releasing oxygen in the air. Photosynthesis is performed by the plants
to produce their own food. The process of Photosynthesis requires direct sunlight, carbon–dioxide
and water (H2O). In the process of Photosynthesis, the plants decompose the molecules of hydrogen
and carbon–dioxide into hydrogen, carbon and oxygen to produce glucose which forms the source
of their energy, growth and food. This involves the conversion of stored energy of the sunlight,
water and carbon–dioxide into glucose which is an organic compound and release oxygen in the
process. k) Importance of photosynthesis: Plants are the only living things that produce their own
food.

Classroom Observation
The engagement consisted of the teacher displaying all the color coordinated flower parts
terminology on the word wall. The students were encouraged to do a talk, pair, share to come up
with possible ideas for what the lesson was about. The teacher introduced and briefly discussed five
vocabulary terms that were essential for the flower part dissection lab, which were: sepal, ovary,
petals, stamen, and pistils. These terms were placed on their labeling diagram, which helped the
students when labeling their flower parts lab diagram during the dissection. The students were
extremely motivated to figure out what the lesson was a bout from the word wall terminology. Most
of the students had a pretty good idea for what the lesson was about,

Compare And Contrast Roses And Roses
In a flower garden, the roses are considered to be the most famous and the queen of all the countless
flowers. Roses vary in different colors that come in white, orange, red, pink, maroon, beige and
yellow. They have very soft and delicate petals with so much fragrance in it that can be used as
perfume. They bloom nicely and attractively in perfect shape that you can't help but fall in love with
it.
Even though there are flowers that match the roses' characteristics such as appearance and fragrance,
they cannot be compared when it comes to their uses and meanings. The petals of a rose can be
combined with milk which is good for the skin. And their colors also have their special meanings
such as white which indicates pureness and innocence, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And they grow best in under the direct exposure of the sun and soil that is very well–drained.
Lisianthus is a wildflower that grows natively in warm areas of Mexico, Southern United States,
northern South America and Caribbean. In addition to that, some Lisianthus flowers are bicolored
and some are rarely found in carmine–red or yellow.
These Lisianthus flowers begin to blossom during the early summer but there are also some that
continue to blossom during the later days of summer. The fascinating part is this flower can last
from 2 to 3 weeks in a bud vase when it is cut. The Lisianthus flower is also known as Texas
bluebell, Lisianthus, gentian, tulip gentian and prairie gentian.
4. Begonias
Tuberous Begonias or simply Begonias are one of the most amazing species. This specie includes
1,795 different kinds of plants. These Begonias grows best in soils that are moist in tropical and
subtropical areas under the filtered sunlight. But if these plants will be exposed in too much
sunlight, it will only produce a small number of flowers. Although in cooler temperature, some of
these species are being cultivated and grown inside the house to be used as decorative house plants.
However, there are also times that these flowers are grown outside during the summer season to
produce bright and colorful flowers in which there are only sepals instead of

Seedling Research Paper
The first structure to appear in a germinating seedling is a root. This is so that the seedling can
acquire nutrients and water from the soil as well as begin its journey to the surface for sunlight.
The first structure to appear in a germinating seedling is a root. This is so that the seedling can
acquire nutrients and water from the soil as well as begin its journey to the surface for sunlight.
The seedlings should be a color of white. This is due to the fact that the seedlings have not seen any
sunlight previously, preventing the formation of chlorophyll. Once the seedlings are exposed to
sunlight, they can begin to produce chlorophyll and attain their signature green color.
An example of "negative gravitropism" would be the stem of the plant. Unlike root growth which
grows with gravity and grows downward toward the earth, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The sepals are the leaf–like development from the receptacle. The sepal's function is to be the
beginning of the first floral aspects of a flower.
The petals are another leaf–like development from the receptacle. The function of the petals is to
attract insects in order to carry its pollen to other plants for fertilization (known as cross pollination).
The stamens are another development from the receptacle. The function of the stamen is to produce
spores and sporangia for cross pollination.
The anther is responsible for the development and production of a flower's pollen.
The filament works alongside the anther in the production of a plant's pollen, of which will be used
for fertilization and reproduction.
The carpel is another leaf–like development from the receptacle. The function of the carpel is being
part of the reproduction system of a flowering plant, as it acts as a pollen catcher and ovary.
The stigma is another part of the carpel. The stigma catches the pollen and promotes germination of
said pollen within the same species of flowering

Essay on Opium (Papaver somniferum)
Opium (Papaver somniferum)
The opium poppy has been used as a medicinal plant for centuries all over the world. The opium
poppy plant belongs to the Papaveraceae family. The scientific name of the opium poppy is Papaver
somniferum L., and it is native to Turkey. The plant has lobed leaves, milky sap and four to six
petaled flowers with several stamens surrounding the ovary. The two sepals drop off when the petals
unfold. The ovary then develops into a short, many seeded capsule that opens in dry weather. The
small seeds of the opium poppy plant are dispersed by wind. The plant has five inch purple or white
flowers on plants three to sixteen feet tall. It is and annual plant which needs to be planted only once
for several years of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are manufactured alkaloid derivatives that include dihydromorphine, dihydrocodeine and
heroin. The alkaloids can be of two different types. One type acts on the nervous system and are
addictive to the human body. The other form is not addicting and instead relax muscle groups.
Papaver Somniferum has been used since Greek times to relieve suffering and euphoria. Records
indicate that the opium poppy has been used since the time of Mesopotamia (5000 to 4000 BC). The
records refer to the poppy and its use as opiates as medical tablets. "Homer's writings indicate Greek
usage of the substance at least by 90OBC: Hippocrates made extensive use of medicinal herbs
including opium" (see Britannica Online).
It is believed that the Romans probably learned of opium in the Mediterranean. Opium spread to
places all over the world. In China opium was reported as a problem during the seventeenth century.
Between World War I and H the cultivation of opium grew in Central America in the mountains.
Now the major producers and exporters of opium are Turkey and India (Britannica Online).
Opium was definitely used in more recent times as well. Before the nineteenth century there were
few painkillers available. There were few alternatives to using opiates to end suffering for dying
people. Long ago opium was not considered harmful and was available to everyone. Doctors
advised taking opiates to relieve a number of symptoms

Material And Method Of Plant Materials
Material and method
Plant materials
Extensive field visit and collection was undertaken during 2010–2014 throughout the country and
six geographical populations were identified for L. nervosum varieties (Table 1). From each
populations four to five individuals were selected and identified based on the descriptions provided
in different references such as Flora Iranica (Rechinger, 1974) and Flora of Iran ( Sharifnia &
Assadi, 2001).The voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Shahid Beheshti
University (HSBU).
Morphological study
In total twenty five, including sixteen qualitative and nine qualitative, morphological traits were
investigated. These characters were: the stem height and its diameter, number of veins in basal leaf,
the basal and floral leaf shape, the width and length of the basal and floral leaves, the length/width
ratio of the basal and floral leaves, the shape of leaf apex and margin, the size of calyx width, length
and its length/width ratio, the size of sepal width and its color, the size of corolla length and the style
length. Two replications were made for each character per each flowering stem. The mean value and
standard deviation of quantitative characters were presented in table 2.
DNA extraction and ISSR assay
For molecular studies, fresh leaves were collected randomly from 10 randomly selected plants in
each population. Nuclear DNA was extracted using CTAB activated charcoal protocol (Križman et
al., 2006). These procedures were based on

European Crab Apple Tree Research Paper
European Crab Apple: The native Crab Apple is occasional in southern Illinois, yet uncommon or
absent in the central and northern sections of the state . Habitats include open woodlands, savannas,
and thickets. Crab Apple's can be found in both upland and bottomland areas where other deciduous
shrubs and trees are present, particularly where there has been some reduction in the overhead
canopy of dominant trees. The apple will fall from the tree and decompose on the ground leaving the
seed. The seed will work its way down into the soil below it. The seed will need water to help it
grow. Over time, the seed will grow into a plant which will eventually grow into a tree! The apple
tree will begin to produce blossoms. These blossoms will turn into ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Each medium–green leaf is deeply cut with five–pointed lobes. As the trade name suggests, the
foliage turns into an autumn blaze of orange–red to scarlet–red fall color. Flowers and fruit for this
hybrid are very sparse. Maple trees produce copious amounts of pollen, an essential component of
the continued existence of honey bees. The bees depend largely on this pollen. In addition to
supporting honey bees, maple trees also support pancake lovers across the continent. The ratio of
sap to syrup is rather surprising; sometimes, it can take up to 30 gallons of sap to produce only 1
gallon of syrup. The sugary sap is also used to produce maple taffy, maple cream, and maple sugar.
The biggest issue for maples is spacing. Fortunately, these trees are not as picky about sunlight and
can successfully grow in both sunny and shady spots. Partial shade may be preferable to full sun or
full shade, however. They need a thorough soaking as soon as the soil starts going dry. Fertilizer is
not a necessity for maple trees. Applying a layer of compost as mulch can add nutrients to the soil,
but these maples are not particularly

Cannabis Persuasive Speech
As we venture into the wonderful world of cannabis, not only do a plethora of smells, tastes, and
sensations bombard us, but a gang of newfound terms that many haven't been familiarized with yet.
Below is a list of words often brought up at various events or casually within the cannabis culture.
Having a conversation with a well–educated stoner will be seemingly less complex after taking a
look at this mini lexicon of cannabis terminology.
Alcohol Extraction: Stripping cannabis of its cannabinoids/trichomes & oils using alcohol (either
ethyl or isopropyl) as a solvent.
"We crafted this golden hash oil from the Afghani strain using alcohol extraction."
Anther: On male cannabis plants, the hanging oval–shaped structures that dangle from filaments ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The full name for the plant is Cannabis Sativa or Cannabis Indica.
CBD: Abbreviation for cannabidiol, the second most common cannabinoid other than THC that
creates a relaxing effect that causes the consumer to become "stoned" instead of "high.
"We got a high–CBD strain to help with the pain in our back since work is really straining."
CBN: Abbreviation for cannabinol, the third common cannabinoid found in cannabis. It's known to
help the consumer sleep and is only mildly psychoactive.
"This indica has more CBN than a normal strain, it knocked me out cold last night!"
Carb Cap: When dabbing, the titanium/quartz/ceramic device that fits over a domeless nail, allowing
the consumer to inhale take a complete hit as it keeps the nail slightly cooled at a lower temp. This
in turn, creates a more flavorful dab.
"I need the carb cap otherwise I'll cough my lungs out if I try to dab without it."
Cashed: When all the cannabis in a bowl is smoked and there's nothing more than ash.
"You handed me a cashed bowl, let's load another one!"
Cheeba: Slang for cannabis, perhaps deriving from Colorado's edible company Cheeba Chews.
"Don't spill the cheeba on the cheetah

Reece Biology Study Material
Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development In
previous chapters, students have been exposed to basic processes in life such as photosynthesis,
respiration, and evolution. Chapter 35 provides key vocabulary on plant structure and development
and introduces basic concepts and processes. This information is critical for understanding higher–
order concepts introduced in subsequent chapters. Multiple–Choice Questions 1) One major
advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is
its A) fast generation time. B) exceptionally large genome. C) large seeds. D) high tolerance to
stress. E) high mutation rate. Answer: A Topic: Concept ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. E) leaves have epidermal tissue but
roots do not. Answer: C Topic: Concept 35.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 19) A student examining
leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell
walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they? A) parenchyma B) xylem
C) endodermis D) collenchyma E) sclerenchyma Answer: A Topic: Concept 35.2 Skill:
Application/Analysis 20) Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as
A) perennial. B) weedy. C) indeterminate. D) derivative. E) primary. Answer: C Topic: Concept 35.2
Skill: Application/Analysis 21) A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in which section of
a root? A) zone of cell division B) zone of elongation C) zone of maturation D) root cap E) apical
meristem Answer: C Topic: Concept 35.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) Gas exchange,
which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue? A) epidermis B)
palisade mesophyll C) spongy mesophyll D) vascular tissue E) bundle sheath Answer: C Topic:
Concept 35.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 23) Which of the following best describes
advantages conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves? A) There's a greater chance of
capturing photons in intermittently shady areas. B) There is less

Analysis of Robert Frost's Poem, Departmental Essay
Analysis of Robert Frost's Poem, Departmental
"Departmental" by Robert Frost is a poem written in rhymed couplets with three beats per line
(trimeter). Throughout the poem, Frost uses poetic devices such as personification, allusion, rhyme,
and alliteration. The poem as a whole serves as a metaphor for the way humans deal with issues like
death. The poem begins with a description of a scene familiar to many, "an ant on a tablecloth..."
Then the ant bumps into a day drowsy moth that is much larger than him. The ant seems a tad bit
jealous that the moth lacks the amount of responsibility that ants are burdened with. The ant thinks
that if the moth were one of his own race he'd chastise him and send him back to work. He describes
how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Laying the body on a flower, wrapping him in a petal, and embalming him with the blood of the
gods. These orders had been handed down from the Queen. The "mortician" ant arrives to carry
away Jerry, and no one "stands around to stare" because it is not their business to. This type of thing
happens every day in the ant world, so there is no use in dwelling or wasting time mourning one of
their own. The poem ends by saying that you can't call the process "ungentle," but realizes how
detached and overly organized the whole progression is. The poet uses a number of poetic devices to
enrich his poem. The most obvious device used is the rhyme scheme. The poem uses the aa, bb, cc,
dd... rhyme format. Frost uses personification to draw a correlation between ant life and human life.
For example, the line "he showed not the least surprise," gives the ant a human quality of emotion
such as surprise. The author also uses several forms of allusion. Janizary is an allusion to an elite
guard in the 14th century Turkish army, a sepal is an allusion to the outer–protective covering of a
flower, and ichor is an allusion to a mythological word meaning the blood of the gods. This poem
uses a few instances of alliteration as well. One example is the line "... and heaving him high in the
air," with the repetition of the consonant sound "h." "Departmental" may be taken as a humorous
poem at first glance, but I feel that its comic elements serve as a means of portraying such

Science Literacy In America
Matthew Noyes
English 102
February 21, 2015 19th. That is where America ranks in number of Bachelors degrees given in
STEM as a percent of population (Curbeam 3). But this wasn't always the case. America was one of
the strongest nations in science and technology in mid 20th century during WWII and the Cold War.
With the US harnessing the power of the atom and landing men on the moon, getting people excited
about math and science wasn't necessary because they already were. Another addition to this success
was the clearly historic non–partisan support of NASA and other governmentally supported STEM
programs. This support has faded over time. Because of this partisanship, support for NASA and
STEM has dwindled from congressional gridlock. Many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Let's first look at its history. Science literacy was at its highest in the mid 20th for two reasons: non–
partisan governmental support, and a governmental program that inspired the nation. According to
Tyson, during most of the 20th century, both parties were in support of science and its promotion
throughout society (Tyson 11). Having support from both parties is essential if one is to accomplish
anything in today's governmental system. Edwards says that prior to the election of 2000, the House
and the Senate were led by the same party leadership. Regardless of the fact, both the Republicans
and the Democrats supported programs that furthered the spread of science in America (Edwards
261). The reason this was possible is because there was no reason for the parties to fight over issues
when one party had dominance over congress. This was an era of compromise between the two
parties when it came down to decisions in STEM. Following this era, came an age that elevated
science literacy in the eyes of the public. This era: The Space Age. One could evensay that the
strongest cause of science enthusiasm in the mid–late 20th century was NASA. Tyson states that
NASA galvanized a generation to dream for tomorrow, and that the Apollo era handed out the most
degrees in Science and Engineering in the history of America (Tyson 231). This was

Essay on Diversity and Distribution of Eucalyptus
Diversity and Distribution of Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is a genus of hardwood evergreen forest trees, and is the most conspicuous element of
Australian vegetation. Its members constitute 95 percent of the continent's forests and are the
dominant trees of Australia's woodlands (Kelly 1969). It is an extremely diverse group, with
approximately 500 named species and subspecies and nearly 200 described hybrid varieties (Blakely
1965). The genus is overwhelmingly endemic to the Australian mainland and Tasmania. Only seven
species occur naturally outside the continent, mostly on the islands of Papua/New Guinea and the
Indonisian island of Timor, and only two of these species are not represented on the Australian
continent. Eucalyptus is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, in response to this great diversity in habitat, Eucalyptus has, through many generations,
adapted and speciated to become one of the most diverse living groups on earth. The diversity of the
genus lies not only in its shear number of species, but also in the various forms, features, and
morphological characters it displays.
Because of its great range of habitation, the widespread Eucalyptus displays a variety of shapes and
sizes. The Snow Gum (E. pauciflora), which must deal with the harsh conditions of high altitudes,
takes the form of twisted, windswept shrubs, often barely reaching three feet in height (Kelly 1969).
However, the Mountain Ash (E. regnans) of the wet, rich–loamed Victorian and Tasmanian forests,
often exceeds heights of 320 feet, making it the tallest Australian species and the tallest hardwood in
the world. Most forest species rarely attain heights of 150 feet, while woodland species generally do
not exceed 80 feet but have a short, thick trunk with heavy limbs to support a broad, spreading
crown. Sometimes the same species occurs in both forests and woodlands, assuming the form
characteristic of the vegetative type in which it grows (Hall, Johnston, and Chippendale 1970). A
number of species exhibit a shrub–like dwarf form in which several stems arise from a large, woody
rootstock composed of stem tissue (called a lignotuber) imbedded in shallow soil.

Literature Review: Overview Of Pumpkin
CHAPTER 2
LITRETURE REVIEW
2.1 Pumpkin 2.1.1 Overview of pumpkin
Pumpkin is one of the economically important vegetable in the world which is native to North and
Central America (Whitaker and Bemis, 1975). Pumpkin belongs to genus Cucurbita of family
Cucurbitaceae, generally considered to consist of melons, cucurbits and pumpkins. (Toetia, 1992).
There are three common species of pumpkin worldwide: Curcurbita pepo, Curcurbita maxima, and
Cucurbita moschata (Whang et al, 1999). Each species consist of several variet¬ies, which differ in
shape, color, and chemical composition. Pumpkin is grown throughout tropical and subtropical
countries (Dutta et al. 2005). The world production of pumpkin in 2013 is approximately 24 million
tons and China, India, Russia, United states, Egypt are the major pumpkin producing countries (
FAOSTAT ,2013).
Almost all parts of the pumpkin are edible including fruit, seeds, leaves and flowers. Pumpkin fruit
is the major edible part of this plant which is considered as cheap source of carotene. It is a nutritive
vegetable. Besides their nutritional value, pumpkin has proved various health benefits which draw
attention such as antidiabetic, antihypertension, antitumor, immunomodulation, antibacteria,
antihypercholesterolemia, intestinal antiparasitia, antiinflammation, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The shape can be an elongated cylinder, oval, flattened, globular, heart–shaped, and/or tapering to a
curved neck on one or both ends. There are 3 color patterns in pumpkin fruits as light or dark green
with or without longitudinal white lines or stripes toward the apex, minutely spotted white and
green, and orange, white, cream or flesh white. The rind can be smooth, warty, wrinkled, or/and
have shallow to deep longitudinal ridges. The flesh of the pumpkin is sweet and can be variable in
color and thickness. Seeds are flattened, ovate – elliptical in shape and dark brown to black or
creamy white in

Lord Of The Flies Character Analysis
In William Golding's Lord Of The Flies while the time of a World War, a plane crashed on an
uncharted island leaving young boys stranded with no authority. The boys get so caught up in
striving for survival that their savage side overtakes them. William Golding proves that men are
essentially evil through the inability of the boys to maintain an authority figure that would have
prevented the creeping in of savagery because of the loss of societal rules. Simon follows Ralph and
the boys but eventually goes off on his own. Simon, the purest of them all shows that evil destroys
good because good is the only thing capable of destroying evil. Simon is the only boy that does not
give into his savage side despite the lack of rules on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even after Simon was killed, his body was described as "a silver shape", and the fish surrounded
him, representing his liveliness. Jack and his tribe show the true meaning of savagery creeping in
when the rules of society are forgotten. Ever since the boys arrived on the island, Jack has wanted to
be the only one in control. When the boys voted for Ralph over Jack he became angry. The boys
separated, some decided to become hunters and the others desired rescue. Jack quotes " who will
join my tribe", so now Jack does have the power he's been wanting but only to the savages. Jack
becomes obsessed with the thrill of killing pigs that he takes his killings to another level. Golding
uses zoomorphism to describe jack and the people in his tribe; "Jack began to dance and his laughter
became bloodthirsty snarling." Golding would use this literary device to show the ptrue animals the
savages are. The boys chant "'kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in'", this indirectly shows the
savagery that the boys have developed since stranded in an environment where there is no authority.
After Jack achieves killing pigs he becomes even more bloodlust. Jack and the boys kill Simon with
no couth then Jack allows Roger, another savage, kill Piggy. After the murders they all act like
nothing has happened. Jack doesn't show pure savagery because he uses a clay mask when he hunts,
which hides his true personality. This savagery creeps in when all

Poison Ivy Monologue
Poison Ivy
May 15, 2012 at 10:17pm
Poison Ivy by Sydney J. Tanner When I was 19, I was attending Utah State University, in Logan
Utah. I lived in a beautiful canyon in the mountains and went hiking and camping a lot. One
camping trip, being a bit naive and inexperienced I "wiped" with the nearest green leaf I could find.
What followed was an excruciating lesson never to be forgotten. Not being from Utah, I had never
seen or been around poison ivy before. Later that fall, I was on a committee decorating for an
autumn formal dance. I gathered interesting and colorful vines and "weeds" to make thirteen large
wreaths for the walls. After I hung the last wreath for the dance that evening, I realized something
dreadful. Gee, poison ivy changes color in the fall. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Berries white, run in fright." The old adage still stands. As a Wisconsin Master Gardener, I share my
embarrassing story with you for a reason. Some people still don't know what poison ivy looks like.
When I tell this story, I get to hear other people's awkward tales of adventure in the ivy. They range
from honeymoon disasters, to children playing tag in it, to beloved pets rolling in it and then
jumping into bed with their masters that evening. Poison Ivy (Taxicodendron radicans, also called
Rhus radicans) is a member of the Anacardiaceae family (Sumac/Cashew) and is a native woody
plant in Wisconsin. It is considered a noxious weed. It spreads both vegetatively and sexually. The
seeds are spread by animal feces. The plant also sends out underground rhizomes, from which dense
patches of green spring up. It flowers in late spring to early summer. The yellow–white flowers are
clusters of five sepals and five petals–– tiny florets on a stalk, or petiole. The greenish white to all
white, lined fruit forms midsummer to mid–autumn and is technically called a "drupe." Most people
call it a berry. They grow to be about 6 mm wide and stand upright on the stem, instead of

The Story Of A Cottage
In a cottage far far away there lived a girl named June. June lived with her mother and father. Every
day, June and her mother would go out and find new flowers to look at and to see. June's mother 's
favorite flower was a petal flower and the only place that had the petal flower was by the Witch 's'
house. Once in awhile June and her mother would go out and try to see the flower without getting
caught by the mean old Witch. While June and her mom went flower hunting her father would go
out and try to sell the different types of flowers that they picked.
One day, the mother was getting old and sadly died. June was only 15, but she had to keep finding
new flowers to keep her dad and her alive. Her mother was buried near the grassy field by ... Show
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The Witch ran past and grabbed June. She was too fast and June couldn 't escape. The Witch quickly
locked her up in a jail cell that was located in her basement. "Little girl", said the Witch, "Since you
have stolen my flowers I have no choice but to CURSE YOU". "Those flowers took years to grow
and I made them, that is why you can 't find them anywhere else", The Witch explained. The Witch
took something out of her cabinet and threw it onto June. She threw a goat potion because all of a
sudden June turned into a goat. "Why did everything turn so small?", cried June. "You fool," said the
Witch, "you have turned into a Goat, and you will be like that for the rest of your life if you can find
three roses. You have to tomorrow night to break the curse, but if you don 't you will be a goat
forever." June has seen roses before. Roses were located on the way to the petal flowers, because
she made her trip here everyday she knew exactly where the are! The Witch unlocked the jail cell
and June started her journey. The duck stopped in her path and repeted his saying, "If you fix things,
other things will be fixed!" "Ramo I am on a very important journey. If I cant find three roses by
tomorrow I will be stuck like this forever," June cried. "Can I join you?" Ramo said. "Sure", June
commented.
June and Ramo started their adventure. June realized that the duck is also under a curse. Secretly the
duck was the prince and he had a quest, but he got stuck and the Witch turned

Bottlebrush Research Papers
Bottlebrushes grow into shrubs or small trees. The Weeping Bottlebrush is the largest of the species,
growing to 8m high. The Prickly Bottlebrush grows to a height of 2m–3m, and a spread of 3–4m.
The Alpine Bottlebrush is found in altitudes of 900m to 2000m above sea level, however the seeds
from higher altitudes take longer to grow. The shrubs in higher altitudes grow to 1m high, whereas
in the lower altitudes the species can reach 3m.
The Prickly Bottlebrush has the smallest leaves, growing to1.5cm to 4cm and 1mm wide. The leaves
of the Weeping Bottlebrush are lanceolate, and are 3mm to 6mm wide, and are 4cm to 7cm long.
The Alpine Bottlebrush leaves are oblanceolate, growing to 1.5cm to 2.5cm in length, and 3mm
wide.
The flower on the bottlebrush is dense and cylindrical flower spike, made up of individual flowers.
The pistils, sepals and the five petals on the plant are hardly visible. The prominent feature of the
bottlebrush is the stamen, which protrudes out of individual capsules on the stem. The Stamen of the
Weeping Bottlebrush is all red, which is seen in image B, but the Prickly Bottlebrush has yellow
anthers and red filaments, which is evident in image C. The Alpine Bottlebrush has a completely
yellow flower, as seen in image A.
IDENTIFY ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also flower longer than any other bottlebrush species, which means more opportunities to
pollinate. It can tolerate smog, which allows it to thrive in urban areas.
Due to its location in the alpine regions, the Alpine Bottlebrush is able to withstand cold weather
and frost, so if the temperature were to decrease, they could cope more easily.
The Prickly Bottlebrush can cope with poor drainage and grow well on either wet or dry

Notes On The Dried Flower Buds Of An Aromatic Tree
Common Names: Cloves, Carophyllus, Clovos, Caryophyllus
Botanical Names: Eugenia caryophyllus, Syzygium aromaticum
INTERNATIONAL NAMES :
Arabic: Kabsh qarunfil, Kabsh qaranful
Bulgarian: Karamfil Chinese: Ding xiang
Dutch: Kruidnagel
Spanish: Clavo, Clavo de olor
French: Giroflier ,Cloude girofle
German: Gewürznelke , Nelke
Greek: Garifalo
Kingdom : Plantae
Phylum : Angiosperms
Order : Myrtales
Family : Myrtaceae
Genus : Syzygium
Species : S. aromaticum
Cloves are the dried flower buds of an aromatic tree are used as a spice in cuisines all over the
world. Cloves are now harvested primarily in Indonesia , Madagascar , Pakistan , Sri Lanka and in
India .Clove is the immature flower bud of the clove plant that is harvested and processed for
culinary and medicinal use. The young bud is pink in color and then darkens to a fiery red, at which
point it is harvested and dried turning a deep reddish brown. The small bud is composed of gums,
tannins and volatile oil .The volatile oil of clove comprised of eugenol (85%), acetyl eugenol,
methyl salicylate(wintergreen oil, found in many plants),pinen and vanillin .
History:
Clove is one of the most ancient and valuable spices of the Orient, with its origin as old as the first
century, before Christ. The ancient Chinese Han dynasty lasting from 207 B.C. to 220 A.D. gives us
our first clue to the use of fragrant clove. Chinese physician of that era wrote that the court visitors
to the Emperor were required to hold clove in

Essay on Jack and Simon in Chapter Three of the Lord of...
Jack and Simon in Chapter Three of the Lord of the Flies
In the Lord of the Flies, William Golding makes many contrasts between his symbolic characters.
For example in chapter three, 'Huts on the beach', many contrasts and similarities are made between
the two characters Jack and Simon. These descriptions give an idea to their personality and feelings.
The description of Simon in the jungle, and Jack in the woods highlights many of their differences.
Jack is alone and descriptions like, 'with flared nostrils', and 'ape– like' suggest he is behaving like
an animal. Jack's appearance is also starting to resemble animals, as his hair has grown, 'longer', and
his skin darker with, 'a mess of dark freckles'. Simon's appearance is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This clearly shows an unusual ability Simon has, and resembles a Jesus figure, the descriptions, in
contrast to the wood
Jack is in, seem surreal, and tranquil. Jack in the wood is set with,
'a sharpened stick about five feet long', reflecting a threatening, tense atmosphere.
Simon is with the littuns and he is shown to be generous and caring, as he, 'found for them the fruit
they could not reach, pulled of the choicest'. This is an example of the effort Simon took to be caring
for others. This is also shown by Simon's willingness to help with the building of the huts, when all
the others ran away, leaving the responsibility to Ralph. This shows he is considerate to others. Jack,
however is extremely unwilling to help with the huts, and is annoyed when Ralph gives Simon
gratitude for helping, as when Simon is not by the huts Jack tries to make up excuses like, 'got fed
up', and, 'he's buzzed off', trying to make Simon in the wrong. Jack is obsessed about catching a pig
and seems to want to catch one for the enjoyment, rather than the food it would give. Jacks
obsession is shown after
Ralph has been expressing how upset he is that no one helps with the hut, when he bluntly
comments, 'we need meat' and when Ralph mentions rescue, Jack says, 'I'd like to catch a pig first'
and is not prepared to keep the fire going for rescue purposes. These are examples of how desperate
Jack wants to catch the pig, and how he

In the Plantae kingdom comprising of over 3,500 species...
In the Plantae kingdom comprising of over 3,500 species and about 250 noted genera came the
Liliaceae family, also known as the 'Lily' family. They fall under the order of Liliales. All plants in
this family are perennial; therefore after flowering they die back to underground bulbs, corms or
rhizomes and then return back again year after year. They are often found to be a prime example of
monocotyledonous plants. In the past the Liliaceae family had many genera clumped into one big
family, but recent reclassification systems (i.e. APG III Classification System) have assigned many
of the genera commonly associated with Liliaceae to different families such as: Alliums– now part
of the family Amaryllidaeceae, and Hostas which are now of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It has a stem which is erect, simple and branched. They have 3 petals and sepals which are all bright
yellow. The petals are round and heavily bearded, and the sepals underneath are pointed. Their
leaves are simple narrow grass–like leaves with a basal leaf arrangement.
Uses– Can be commercially grown for flower essence for sale in herbal stores as it is believed to
restore the "Sensitivity and awareness of self"
Contraints– While it's not threatened, it is globally recognised as rare or uncommon. Prefers shade.
Calochortus Nultalli
(Sego Lily)
Also known as the Sego Lily, this is the state flower of Utah. This has 1 to 4 flowers, each with 3
white petals with tints of lilac and have a yellow base. These appear in early summer. Plants are
around 15–45cm in height and have linear leaves and a slender erect stem. Their leaves are linear
and in a basal leaf arrangement.
Uses– The bulbs of this are edible and can be boiled or roasted. They were eaten by the Native
Americans and early pioneers in Utah, although now it is mostly grown for ornamental purposes.
Possible use could be for ornamental purposes due to their importance and rarity.
Constraints– Very hard to grow.
Cardiocrinum
A monocarpic genus– after flowering the bulb dies, but offsets are produced. A genus with large,
showy flowers and is commonly known as the giant lily.
Cardiocrinum Gigantium
From the genus of Cardiocrinium comes the species C. giganteum. A lily with huge fragrant flowers

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