1. Notes on Mountain Building
1. 2 Ways: fault-block and folds
2. Fault-block Mountain: formed from normal faults
Normal Fault Foot Wall Normal Fault
(tension) (tension)
3. Folds: caused by compression (reverse faults); rock just folds over instead of
being fully pushed up
Notes on Earthquakes
1. made at strike-slip faults
2. Creates seismic waves.
3. 3 types of seismic waves: (P) Primary Wave, (S) Secondary Waves and Surface
waves
4. P Waves: first to arrive at a site (travels like a slinky being pushed front and
back); parts of the wave compress and then expand out
5. S Waves: second to arrive at a site (travels like a slinky being moved left and
right)
6. Surface Waves: when P waves and S waves rise to the surface
7. Seismograph: instrument used to measure earthquakes
8. Richter Scale: measures the size of the waves
9. Mercalli Scale: measures how strong (intense) the scale
Notes on Volcanoes
1. Volcano: weak spot in the crust where magma comes to the surface
2. Magma: molten material in the earth
3. Lava: magma on the earth
4. Ring of Fire: on the Pacific Plate
5. Most occur on the diverging boundaries or subduction zones
6. Hot spots do not form at boundaries. Can form volcanic mountains