John Locke Father Of Classical Liberalism Analysis

John Locke Father Of Classical Liberalism Analysis
1.Using examples from The Second Treatises of Government, explain some of the reasons that John Locke is regarded as the "father of classical
liberalism."
John Locke's work laid the foundation for liberalism and is known as the "father of classical liberalism". This essay will explain why, using examples
from his book the "Second Treatise of Government". The examples are the government exists for the benefit of society, rule of law, and, an individuals'
property.
Locke states that the government's power stems from society itself, therefore the government's role must be to act in societies best interest. This idea is
reinforced throughout Locke's writing. Locke argues the government's primary goal is "the preservation of the society... and the preservation of every
person in it" (Locke 134). Locke claims that because society consents to the laws made by the legislature the people can terminate the government's
supreme power. Locke then states that any government that does not serve society, that uses their power for personal gain, is a tyranny. This gives
society the right to retake the power into their own hands when their interests are being obviously neglected or opposed by the government. This idea
states that the King himself must answer to the will of society.
Lock stresses that a necessary aspect of a civil society is that it must have a common law, and no person, including government, can be above it. This
is known as rule of law. Locke states that all individuals
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Keynesianism Vs Classical Liberalism
While classical liberalism and mercantilism have fundamentally different ideological roots, both theories have profound implications beyond the
international economy, creating ripples in the worldwide political and social climate. Thus, each theory needs to be evaluated to maximize the
economic policy's benefits and minimize its negative consequences. Along this line, the concept of freedom in classical liberalism offers clear benefits
to market growth, yet the invisible hand does not always intervene to save these economies from the catastrophic effects of inequality and irrational
human decisions. Therefore, a balance between freedom and state intervention needs to be reached. Keynesianism offers one approach to maximizing
freedom, while still maintaining a safety net in terms of limited state intervention. The issue of security is relevant and important to consider within an
economic system, yet the aggressive approach of malevolent intimidation demonstrates a social and political shortcoming within the mercantilist
theory. Ultimately, in order to address the issues of inequality, imperialism, and violence within our international community, we have to start by
understanding the impact of our globalized economic policies. Once we do this, we can start to move towards a more peaceful, equal, and flourishing
society.
Economic liberalism stresses the part of human nature, driven by reason over emotion (Balaam & Dillman, 2014). There is a naГЇve view of economic
liberalism in which harmonious competition evolves from the individual pursuit of self–interest. This phenomenon is described as when an individual
"intends only his own gain, and he is in this...led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was not part of his intention" (Stegmann, 2004). Adam
Smith predicted that men's economic decisions would result in an "altruism of egoism" (Stegmann, 2004). Altruism and egoism are fundamentally
exclusive. The idea that the combination of men's selfish desires could result in something altruistic is an extreme idealization and miscalculation.
Unfortunately, the selfish pursuit of individual interest leads to a societal economic gap. The Laissez Faire approach to economic freedom offers no
limit to the success

Classical Liberalism Is A Political Philosophy Originated
Classical Liberalism is a political philosophy originated in the 18th century based on the idea of individual liberty created to preserve an open and
accepting, and open–minded society. Classical liberalism is very solemn when advocating for the value of freedom in which emphasizes the importance
of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets which includes free trade market capitalism, and economic liberalism. Up until around the 1900s, this
ideology was commonly known as Liberalism, however, it's now important to classify it as "Classical Liberalism" mostly in English–speaking countries.
Worldwide however, Liberalism is a wide–ranging term that can also be associated with private property and designated with social, instead of social, ...
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John Locke, an English philosopher, shared some of the same ideas that Hobbes possessed. Locke believed in the power of a government to preserve
freedom, but he also believed in overthrowing any government that violated a citizen's rights, and as a solution, getting a new government competent
for the duty of serving the people. Locke also believed in freedom by nature. "Everyone has a natural right to life, liberty, and property." Locke believed
in men preserving their own "civil interest," by those he means life, liberty, health, and the possession of land, money, houses, and such things. He
believed that all men are free by nature, and that "no private person has any right in any manner to prejudice another person in his civil enjoyments."
Locke also believes that God gave men the world to make use of it, therefore he values so much the right to property.
Another philosopher from the 17th century, and who made an impact on how political economy works is Adam Smith, one of the major philosophers
of the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith is considered as one of the source of classical liberal commitments, reducing state regulations on economic life
and trade. He was very powerful with his argument, he believed

Essay on Comparing Classical vs. Modern Liberalism
Typically Liberalism can be categorized into two different strands, Classical and Modern (yet some thinkers advocate a third strand that is referred to
as Neo–Liberalism), each characterized by their differing and to some extent unavoidably overlapping attitudes regarding the theory behind the
ideology and how it should be put into practice. Prior to examining how these relate to one another and before making any comparisons, it is important
to give a definition, as best as possible, of Liberalism as a concept.
Liberalism is an ideology and due to the changing views of historical persons, who have each viewed themselves to be Liberals, is difficult to define
precisely. There are five agreed defining tenants of Liberalism. The most... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Liberalism emphasizes the importance of Rights in society, and that society's role is to protect these rights and put them first.
Modern and Classical liberalism can be distinguished historically. Indeed when most people attempt to distinguish the two, placing the strands into
time periods is perhaps the most obvious and easiest distinctions to make. The period in between the late 18th century and the mid 19th is that
magnanimous with Classical liberalism. It was the earliest liberal tradition, and reached its high point during the early industrialization of the 19th
century and is therefore sometimes referred to as '19th century liberalism'. Politicians and thinkers associated with it are Smith, Ricardo and Locke.
Modern liberal ideas were related to the further development of industrialization and thus people associate it with the period between the mid–19th
century and the mid–20th century and with figures such as J. S. Mill, Green and Lloyd– George. Indeed the historical development of society led to a
parallel evolution of liberalism, with the character of liberalism changing as the 'rising middle classes' succeeded in establishing their economic and
political dominance. Liberalism was no longer radical or revolutionary, but had become increasingly conservative and concerned itself less with change
and reform, but instead with the maintenance of the status quo. This lead to liberals in the late 19th century beginning to question the

Classical Liberalism Vs Conservatism
Classical liberal seems to be those who holds high regard for the concept of natural rights, but might still believe in economic controls imposed by a
government for various reasons (environmental concerns, poverty concerns, etc.), while libertarians tend to believe in government that exists solely
for the protection of individual rights with little to no government control of economic activity. Conservatives usually have a religious or strong
inclination towards social order and control than classical liberals or libertarians. I look at it a little differently, you could say "classical liberal" means
that you think that people should be free to live life as they themselves see fit. As the different political parties moves around on the political

Classical Liberalism vs Classical Conservatism
Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical
Conservatism is defined as "a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order."(Frohnen, Beer,
and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as "a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including
freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets." (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and parties for
centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Davies, 1997) Conservatives are mostly for preserving the society instead of a takeover, which emphasizes stability.(McLean and McMillan, 2009)
Viscourt Hailsham a former chairman of the British Conservative Party described conservatism. "Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an
attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society, and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement
of human nature itself."(Hailsham, 1959)
Conservatism can be summed up in ten key principles that Russell Kirk sums up in his work the "Essence of Conservatism."
"(1) Men and nations are governed by moral laws; and those laws have their origin in a wisdom that is more than human–in divine justice... (2) Variety
and diversity are the characteristics of a high civilization... (3) Justice means that every man and every woman have the right to what is their own–to
the things best suited to their own nature, to the rewards of their ability and integrity, to their property and their personality... (4) Property and freedom
are inseparably connected; economic leveling is not economic progress... (5) Power is full of danger; therefore the good state is one in which power is
checked and balanced, restricted by sound constitutions and customs... (6) The past is a great storehouse of wisdom... (7) Modern society urgently
needs true community: and true community is a world away from collectivism... (8) In the affairs of nations, the

The Politics of Edmund Burke as Related to Classical...
Edmund Burke was a political philosopher and a member of British Parliament who is generally considered to be the founder of modern
conservatism. His politics are a fusion of other political theorists, and thus aren't particularly cohesive or systematic. However, Burke is an
important figure in the history of political thought and he was known for his ability as an orator and statesman. Burke saw society as if it was an
evolving organism. He felt that, like a body, all aspects of a society must be functioning properly in order for society as a whole to remain healthy.
Also like a body, he saw society as always attempting a homeostasis. He claimed that there was a delicate balance with all the institutions of society.
When one... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This concept was known as subsidiarity. One other concept that Burke advocated is that of virtual representation. Burke felt that when one was elected,
the people elected an individual, not a populist mouthpiece. Therefore it wasn't necessary for him to reflect the positions of his constituents. Instead he
would use his own judgement in governmental decisions. This is one area that is can be traced to modern conservatism, as conservatives typically feel
the need to legislate their personal morality. Even though Burke is considered to be the founder of modern conservatism, his ideas are directly
connected to classic liberalism. This political ideology placed an emphasis on individual and economic liberty, as classic liberals believed this would
result in the greatest prosperity for all. The term liberal originally was derived from the idea that they were liberating the economy and citizen from
needless government constraint. This ideology eventually evolved into libertarianism. Libertarianism is most directly connected to the British
philosopher John Stuart Mill. Mill felt that government should never get so big that it is encumbered by its bloated size. This ideology places a strong
emphasis on liberty. They believe that the market economies are self–regulating and need no government intervention of any kind. The government's
sole

Classical Liberalism And Social Justice
The definition of social justice is multifaceted with varying degrees of meaning. Each philosophical view that is held by the differing political group
or individual classes is assigned to provide the maximum benefit to their ascribed affiliation. The conservative liberals, according to Lorenz (2014),
defines social justice as pertaining to the personal freedoms afforded to its legally recognized citizens from an intrusive government. Only when
individuals are unable to sustain their societal commitment to their own well–being should government assume responsibility through sanctioned
public support (Lorenz 2014). Classical liberalism ideology differs slightly from the views of their conservative liberal counterparts in that they
emphasize ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of social protection is to introduce productive copy strategies that will guard against shocks within their environment by initiating policies,
services, and education (Social Risk Management, 2003). In its broadest context, protection is the implantation of policy by contractual agreement
between the government and its inhabitants. For example, requiring school age children to be vaccinated against harmful and contagious diseases is a
formal policy to protect the public. Social Risk Management (SRM), according to Wernet (2015), can be effective by providing: (a) assistance with risk
management skills; (b) support through formal and informal structures; (c) and income to the chronically poor so they can better manage shocks that
has the potential to exacerbate their condition

Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism Essay
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical
Conservatism is defined as "a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order."(Frohnen, Beer,
and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as "a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including
freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets." (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and parties for
centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam
Smith. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Edmund chose the Whigs because of their "freedom under law, balancing orders, and religious tolerance." (Kirk, 1953)During this time he became one
the leading men in the Whig party. (Clark, 2000) Edmund Burke was praised by both the conservatives and liberals of the nineteenth century. Yet,
Burke is now known as the philosophical founder of conservatism. (Heywood, 2003)(Lock, 2006) One reason he is a founder of conservatism not
liberalism because he favored reform of a society. (Kirk, 1953) Like Edmund Burke was the philosophical founder of conservatism, John Adams was
the founder of conservatism in the United States of America. (Kirk, 1953) John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 and died on July 4, 1826 in
Quincy, Massachusetts. John Adams was an American statesman, diplomat, political theorist, and the second president of the United States. John
Adams was a federalist. The federalists were the first conservative movement in the United States. (Kirk, 1953) He was also one of the most influential
founding Father of the United States. This was because he played a leading role in persuading the Continental Congress to declare independence from
Britain.(Kirk, 1953)
Many people, including several representatives sought Adams advice, even on how to frame new governments, local, state, and national. With this John
Adams wrote Thoughts on Government. (Adams, 1776, 1851) Thoughts on Government influenced many state constitutions we see

John Stuart Mill on Classical Liberalism and Modern...
John Stuart Mill was a classical liberal thinker and believed, through the influence of his father, that man deserved to live a life that promoted the
greatest amount of happiness with limited government intervention. Mill grew up with the belief that there was no God and therefore believed that
man is born inherently good; government should be limited to allow individuals to make their own decisions from their inherently good instincts;
economic freedom provided individuals with the protection of rights and promoted the ideology that Mill stood for most, Utilitarianism which highly
influenced classical liberalism.
The philosophy of John Stuart Mill has influenced mankind and classical liberalism throughout history. John Stuart Mill, a ... Show more content on
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He presumed that people had enough knowledge and discernment to make moral choices that they could live with. The individual and their personal
reflection of right or wrong decided their moral standards. Mill also noted that people had a desire to be accepted by society and they have a fear of
being disapproved. Mill believed government should intervene only when one individual may hurt another. People have the freedom to hold and
express their own opinions, which would deny the government the ability to choose a majority over a minority. In this government their authority
would be limited in its ability to intervene unless an individual was harming another.
To think that because those who wield power in society wield in the end that of government, therefore it is of no use to attempt to influence the
constitution of the government by acting on opinion, is to forget that opinion is itself one of the greatest active social forces. One person with a belief
is a social power equal to ninety–nine who have only interests.
Mill's belief promotes that each individual's opinion is important and therefore should be listened to by the government. The government would not be
able to turn a blind eye to a minority; this is one of many influences on classical liberalism. In classical liberalism the government has limited say in the
economy and ensures that everyone has the right to his or her freedom of opinion. An

Classical Liberalism Essay
It is no surprise that liberalism is a vast part of our world. Liberalism is a vital school of thought in international relations because it embodies liberty
and rights. With liberalism comes diffrent types since it was established and altered with the times. The original liberalism called classical liberalism is
based on what our own country was founded on which is liberty for all. In the recent 21st century, we have come across a new wave of this theory called
neoliberalism where it focuses on a global scale. With the 21st century changing the world in a plethora of ways, many international relations theories
have changed like realism and liberalism. In this paper, I will be discussing classical liberalism and the new neoliberalism that has swept our world.
Classical liberalism comes from as an intellectual response to the Industrial Revolution and the problems with urbanization. (Epstein, pg. 2) Seeing
that humans are self interested and will go after self interested situations, liberalism was seen to be used to back that fact. With self interest, came the
financial standpoint of which people stood. Classical liberalism is sought to use trade and commerce to drive a strong international peace and bonds
worldwide while also limiting the government. (Epstein, pg. 6) This was mainly used between Europe and America since there was not a high amount
of 'worldwide' trade like there is today. Now we have a bounty of international and national trade which make the world today

To What Extent Has Modern Liberalism Departed from...
There are huge differences between classical and modern liberalism and as a result classical liberals believe that modern liberals have not stayed true
to initial ideas posed by the likes of John Locke given that modern liberals have embraced collectivism while classical liberals favoured pure
individualism. But they are fundamentally both forms of liberalism so are united in their belief of freedom and rights of the individual but they have
slightly different views on the type of freedom they support.
Classical liberalism has a belief in utilitarianism first posed by Jeremy Bentham, this is where individuals make tiny calculations about whether their
actions will 'maximise pleasure or minimise pain'. This is an egotistical form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
T.H. Green argued that freedom is the ability of the individual to develop individuality and this is a positive thing. This is thus done through
self–fufillment and pushing one's own knowledge. Positive freedom places emphasis on the individual flourishing rather than survival of the fittest
so therefore the state should offer equal opportunities to all. This has seen modern liberals support the welfare state whereas classical liberals
focused on standing on your own feet. But, this is not totally different to core liberal beliefs. The state only intervenes to ensure equality such as
education and health. Modern liberals defend the welfare state on the basis of equality of opportunity. The welfare state has attempted to address
issues such as 'idleness' and 'want' and 'squalor', named by the Beveridge Report by William Beveridge. Overall, Modern liberals believe in providing
an equal playing field to help the individual flourish in society rather than the individual just battling for themselves.
This belief in some state intervention and positive freedom has lead liberals of modern times to a belief in welfare and economic management. Modern
liberals support economic management, proposed first by John Maynard Keynes, who argued that governments could 'manage' their economies in order
to thrive. They believe in a mixed economy where you sometimes must tax and spend and yet other times you

Essay about Classical Liberalism
Definition ==========
The ideology of classical liberalism is concerned with the conception of an ideal society. The term classical refers to the early form of liberalism that
flourished for much of the nineteenth century. It sees human nature as essentially selfish but rational. Therefore the ideal society is one where
individuals have maximum freedom to pursue their own interest in competition with everyone else.
Origins =======
Origins of classical liberalism are derived from the break up of the feudal system, which allowed people more economic freedom and allowed possible
the early growth of capitalism. The fusion of economic and political liberalism has produced a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Utilitarianism ––––––––––––––
Like Locke, utilitarians see men as individuals essentially. However Jeremy Bentham rejected the notion of natural rights as it was 'nonsense on stilts'
and as result he developed the principle of utility. Utility is based on the belief that man is motivated by the desire to achieve happiness and avoid pain.
It's important to note the utilitarianism definition of happiness – consumption and enjoyment of goods and property and only the provision of this is
utility. The opposite of this for example, pain is disutility.
Society for utilitarians meant free individuals pursuing their own interests as workers and consumers and the only role the government play is as a
protector of these rights, implying they needed little intervention. Any increase in state power would only be a benefit if increasing the total sum of
utility and therefore the goal of any political system is to achieve 'the greatest good for the greatest number'. This heavily relies on democracy and
government responsibility and accountability and the state should be answerable to the people. In summary, there are four key utilitarian points–
* Each

Classical Liberalism Vs Democracy Essay
1.Define both 'Classical liberalism' and 'democracy' and explain how they complement one another and cause tension with one another.
–Classical Liberalism consisted of individual liberty, personal responsibility, and very little government interference with a person's ability to pursue
happiness. This values the freedom of people. For example, freedom of speech, religion, press, and so on. Democracy on the other hand is a system of
government that gives power and political authority to the people under a system of majority rule. I can see how they cause tension with one another,
because Classical Liberalism is all about freedom. Pretty much not being under anyone's thumb. However, Democracy is all about the government
having authority under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which means controlling the power that is created. The liberal constitution serves to protect the state from impulsive or overreaching decisions. This
shows that the law will be fair and gain the state's ability to have a co–operation without use of force. Next, democracy has a lot of good principles that
affected the constitution. They are citizen participation, equality, political tolerance, accountability, transparency, regular free and fair elections,
economic freedom, bill of rights, control of the abuse of power, human rights, accepting the results of elections, multi party system, and rule of law. All
of these make up exactly what we have today. Each of these principles were thought of and through carefully before just placing them into a

Libertarianism Vs Classical Liberalism
Classical Liberalism is an ideology with its focus on individual liberty with a limited government. The belief that an individual should have the
freedom to pursue and be responsible for their own life. It stems from an idea that humans, as a whole, are generally good in nature, and that people
should have rights apart from the government. These rights include the right to pursue happiness, the right to financial success, or even failure, and the
right to free speech and freedom of religion. Individuals have equal opportunities in life, but not equal materialistic beginnings or gains. You had the
right to own land, but it was up to the individual to obtain it. Classical Libertarians thought the role of government should be very limited,... Show more
The basic concept that the individual has the right to liberty is still there. However the role of government has changed. The modern Liberal feels that
the purpose of government not only to protect individual rights, but to also provide social welfare, benefiting society as a whole, (Downes,
yaliberty.org). This would include things like financial assistance, universal health care, and free and equal education. Also todays Libertarian party
supports the government enforcing more rules and regulations to big corporations. The political platform of todays Liberal can seem misleading to
some. One example of this is individual abortion rights. Modern Libertarianism supports the right of the individual to be able to make their own
decision to have an abortion, the government should not have a say in the matter. This shows support for the classical belief that government should
not play a big part in an individuals life. However, by contrast, todays Liberal political platform also feels that the government should not perform
executions – even for convicted serial killers, (Goodman ncpa.org). This directly goes against the classical view that the governments role is to protect
the individuals

Ideology Of Classical Liberalism
The ideologies of the Democratic Party originate from the principles of the classical liberalism philosophy. The most dominant idea of classical
liberalism is that the government's role is to protect the individual's natural rights because individuals are the primary unit of society (Franks 27).
According to John Locke, a philosopher who contributed to classical liberalism's vitality, the protection of individuals' "life, liberty, and property" is
their natural rights (Jones 227). The ideas of classical liberalism revolves so much around the individual that Locke believes the people had the
right to combine into a revolutionary force and organize a new form of government, or a social contract, as they pleased. Because of the importance
of the individual, classical liberalism favors immigrants and people of all classes. Ideally, the judgment of people is based on their personal
characteristics rather than their group affiliation, minimizing the problem of racism and other forms of bigotry (Franks 28). However, this is a
problem with ethnic groups, like American Indians and immigrants, which concerns classical liberals that believe their collectiveness hinders their
individual natural rights. Finally, classical liberalism also protects the free marketplace, allowing buyers and sellers to freely circulate ideas in order to
achieve the most success (Franks 28). Therefore, the development of capitalism is an important ideology protected by classical liberalism, along with the

Classical Liberalism Research Paper
Liberalism is generally differentiated into two categories which are classical liberalism and modern liberalism. According to Heywood (2003), classical
liberalism was the most primitive tradition which nothing can surpass. The forming of the ideas of classical liberalism between the seventeenth to
nineteenth century was due to the disruption of feudalism in Europe followed by the reconstructed to capitalism. However, modern liberalism is the
advanced alternation from classical liberalism which is based on its fundamental basis. This is one of the reasons that some people argued both classic
and modern liberalism are partly similar. Yet, this essay will be more focus on the discussion of the distinction between classical liberalism and modern
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1995). Classical Liberalism: The Unvanquished Ideal. [Google Books version]. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.uk
/books?id=lvLMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Deway, J. (1935). The Future of Liberalism, 32(9), pp. 225–230. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2015856?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Hall, J. A. (1987). Classical Liberalism and the Modern State, 116(3), pp. 95–118. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025110
Heywood, A. (2015). Political Theory An Introduction. London: PALGRAVE.
Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Raico, R. (2010). What Is Classical Liberalism? Retrieved from https://mises.org/library/what–classical–liberalism
SleepyClasses. (2017). Political Science for UPSC – Liberalism Part 1. Accessed on 13/02/2018 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLNu3VwyGiI
Tomasi, J. (2012). Free Market Fairness. [Princeton University Press version]. Retrieved from

Classical Liberalism V.S. Reform Liberalism on the Issue...
Brayden Sander (UCID 10080322)
October 14th 2011
Jay Makarenko
POLI 201
Writing Assignment
Classical Liberalism V.S. Reform Liberalism on the issue of Wealth Redistribution and Income
Classical Liberalism is against government interventionism in all realms of life. They believe that everyone should be treated equally regardless of
income. This differs from reform liberalism, as they want government intervention to guarantee equality of opportunity. This is made possible by
progressive income tax, government regulation on big business, and social welfare. In My opinion Classical Liberalism is superior as its fair and easier
to implement than reform Liberalism.
1
Classical Liberalists think that every man or women is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"
2
The Classical Liberalist, would oppose any regulation on the economy. As they believe that those who are able to make money based on the principle
of supply and demand already have helped the welfare of other in the process. Classical Liberalist's understand inequality as an inevitable result of free
competition, and actually see it as beneficial in the long run as capital is reinvested, to create new technology, employment and opportunities. If this
capital were to be taxed heavily instead, many opportunities and jobs would be lost further adding to the inequality of wealth and opportunity for the
poor.
The biggest difference's between the set's of ideologies is that Reform Liberalism believes in equality of opportunity, and that it is ethical to reduce
the freedom for some if it means increasing it for others. Classical Liberalist's believe that the invisible hand will regulate the economy and that any
wealth redistribution to the poor would harm them in the long run. They believe that everyone should be completely in control of their own destiny. I
think that Classical Liberalism is the superior theory as it sticks to very simple principles, and it hold everyone responsible for their actions.

3
Sources
Dickerson, Mark, Thomas Flanagan, and O"Neill Brenda. An Introduction To Government And Politics: A Conceptual Approach. 8. Toronto: Nelson
Education, 2010. 126–142. Print.

Classical Liberalism Is The Ideology Of Capitalism?
What might lead some to argue that classical liberalism is the ideology of capitalism?
Ideology is defined as the basis for political action that combines the following: an empirical evaluation of society as it is currently, an ideal situation
for how things should be, and finally, a suggested action that will help achieve said goal. Capitalism is currently the most popular economic system, but
one's perspective can create differences in definitions. Breaking down Capitalism can reveal an ideology that some may find to be very familiar, and
many believe that Classical Liberalism actually contains the ideology behind the currently most popular type of economic system. First, I will that
explain the introduction of Classical Liberalism ideology in history and then discuss capitalism in relation to this.
The Classical Liberal ideology began to really take form in the late 18th century as a result of the unrest caused by the British Parliamentarians'
decisions and the effects of the industrial revolution and globalization that were beginning to take form. Feudalism, the existing economic system was
composed of peasants, employed around 80% of England's population in 1520 and now was starting to face harsh criticism. The government and
ruling wealthy class of people were immensely powerful in the economy at that time while the common person was a poor farmer or peasant. They
needed to pay "lords", or nobles, for land, resources, and protection. Furthermore it was not uncommon to

Pros And Cons Of Classical Liberalism
Liberalism is a set of ideologies in which the foundation of a society lies within the freedom of the individuals within it. The basic principles or values
of liberalism include freedom, cooperation and the importance of human reason. Although all forms of liberalism were built upon these common
principles or values, there are certain factors that assist in differentiating between them. The two most commonly known forms of liberalism include
classical liberalism and modern liberalism. Both of these ideologies put an emphasis on the value of human reason and individual freedom however,
they are not the same when it comes to their ideas regarding government intervention in social, political and economic factors. Supporters of classical
liberalism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This source demonstrates a perspective that is in support of modern liberalism. The speaker supports the importance of individual freedoms which is
common in liberalism, but what distinguishes them from a supporter of classical liberalism is the emphasis that they have placed on maintaining an
equal opportunity for all people to embrace these freedoms. The speaker is suggesting that although the pursuit of individual freedoms can prove to
be beneficial for the individual, it can hinder other people's opportunity to do the same. In both the historical and contemporary worlds, there have
been examples of this situation. Whether it be the exploitation of workers during the Industrial revolution or the exploitation of the working class
today, the pursuit of one's individual freedoms can prohibit those of others. Adopting the ideological perspective in this source can assure that benefits
can be enjoyed by all, rather than a select few. The ideological perspective of the source should be embraced so that society has the freedom of
"pursuing our own good" without "depriving others of

To What Extent Has Modern Liberalism Departed from the...
To what extent has modern liberalism departed from the ideas of classical liberalism?
The further development of industrialisation led to social and economic inequality. This led to a revision of classical liberal ideas to prevent the
spread of ignorance and poverty. It is suggested that modern liberals have betrayed classical liberal ideas as they embrace collectivism and diverge
from classical liberalism on issues such as freedom. However, it can be argued that modern liberals have simply built on classical liberal ideas such as
its commitment to the individual.
One area in which it is suggested that modern liberalism has departed from classical liberalism is individualism. Classical liberals believe in egoism,
that individuals are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mill disagreed with Bentham as he believed in 'higher' and 'lower' pleasures that can be derived from actions and promoted those pleasures which
developed an individual's skills and abilities rather than short–term pleasure seeking actions. He placed emphasis on individual development and
flourishing.
Another area in which it is suggested that modern liberalism has departed from classical liberalism is freedom. Classical liberals believe in negative
freedom. This is simply that there should be an absence of external constraints on the individual and as such they should be left alone to make their
own choices. In this way classical liberals were heavily influenced by the natural rights theories of John Locke and Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson
claimed that we were born with inalienable rights and therefore no individual or government had the right to take these away. Freedom from constraints
is therefore an essential condition for exercising these rights. In practise, this has meant that classical liberals have advocated a minimal state or what
John Locke referred to as the 'night–watchman state'. The activities of this state should be limited to the enforcement of contracts, maintaining order
and protection from foreign threats to prevent the state from infringing on individual liberties as much as possible.
Modern Liberals on the other hand have advocated a more positive interpretation of freedom. Positive

Liberalism And Classical Liberalism
A society can be anywhere on the liberal spectrum; it can support illiberal, modern liberal, or classical liberal views. Source one is clearly in support
of classical liberalism, which is on the right of the spectrum. The philosopher who said this quote, Voltaire, believes that the individual is more
important than the collective. Therefore, the government should have little interference in the lives of citizens and should only protect their natural
rights. This source supports this because Voltaire is saying how, even if he doesn't hold the same opinion as another individual, he will still allow them
to state their opinion; everyone in society has the right to free speech, and no other human has the ability to take away that right. Classical liberalism is
parallel to the views of John Locke, who believed that individuals have natural rights which must be protected by a government. Consequently, he
believed that the government should only create laws which will prevent harm to others. Voltaire lived during the Enlightenment period in France,
which occurred before the French Revolution. Before this period, kings were believed to have a divine right; in other words, God had given them the
right to govern so therefore anything they said must be respected. However, individuals such as Voltaire and Locke disagreed and wanted individuals
to recognize that they should fight for their rights. An example of a society which supports classical liberalism is modern America; individuals are
equal before the law––the rule of law states that everyone must abide by the law––and individuals are free to think what they want and to openly speak
it. Republicans and liberals or individuals who believe in capitalism are the most likely to hold this ideology. Source two is referring to an event in
American history which demonstrated illiberal values. After the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, the American government increased security
within its country; a major law that they created was called the Patriot Act. By applying this act, the government restricted the rights of Americans
citizens because they were allowed to take any suspicious person into custody without evidence and they were allowed to search personal data,

The Classical Liberalism Theory
Introduction
The Classical liberalism theory mainly emphasis is sited on shielding the freedom of the individual by restricting the power of the government.
Classical liberalism is a wide philosophy of politics, economics, and human society that upholds individual freedom and the acknowledgement of
universal human dignity. The most important features of The classical liberalism theory is consist of the following beliefs: All human beings have
intrinsic dignity and worth, all individuals have intrinsic natural rights; including right to live, liberty, pursuit of happiness, and property ownership,
social arrangements and governments are human constructs; their justification is the establishment of order, to promulgate justice, and to guard ... Show
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The Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence is one of the clearest statements of the Classical Liberalism philosophy. At that time majority of
people believed that rights come from government and they believed that those who rule and govern can determine our rights. But John Locke the
British philosopher argue that it is the other way around people have natural right which is inherent or you born with; hence, he argue that people can
create and dissolve governments and the aim to have government is to protect these rights (Alvey, October 2004 ).
Additionally, Classical liberals in the present day tend to have the basic vision of rights and task of government which Thomas Jefferson and his
colleagues had. Moreover, they do not tend to make any significant distinction between civil liberties and economic liberties. On the squint of the
political spectrum, things are more complex. The most important distinction between Nineteenth century liberals and twentieth century liberals is that
the previous believed in economic liberties and the latter did not. The 20th century liberals believed that it is not a violation of any fundamental right
for government to rule and regulate public sphere where people work, the wages they work for, when they work, what they can pay money for, what
they can sell, the price they can sell it for and so on. In the economic realm, then, roughly anything goes. At the same time, the twentieth century liberals

To What Extent Does Modern Liberalism Depart from...
The classical liberal ideology emerged as a result of the Enlightenment period, which brought about new philosophies, challenging the existing
assumptions about the nature of humankind and society. Modern liberalism developed around 1870 as a result of both philosophical and practical
changes, including mass industrialisation. Classical liberals argue that modern liberalism has broken the principles of doctrines central to liberal
thought whilst modern liberals claim that they are simply adapting and building on classical liberalist ideas. This essay will discuss the extent to
which modern liberalism departs from classical liberalisms by analysing approaches to the size of the state, democracy and the concept of freedom and
aims to justify ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This suggests that whilst there is a considerable difference in attitudes between modern and classical liberals, some parallels can be drawn between
them.
Moreover, one way in which modern liberalism has departed from the ideas of classical liberalism is the extent to which the state should involve itself
in the lives of the individual. Classical liberals, in particular John Stuart Mill, emphasised a minimal state and believed that an interfering state would
impede upon the private lives of individuals. Yet modern liberals fully supported an enabling state; Beveridge believed that citizens should be
protected by the state s from 'the cradle to the grave.' This implies that, unlike classical liberals, modern liberals supported a government which is fully
involved in the lives of individuals and would therefore support policies such as benefits and the national health service. However, classical liberals,
notably Samuel Smiles, thought that people should take responsibility for their own welfare because the individual is the guardian of their own
prosperity and therefore state intervention is dangerous. This contradicts the belief of modern liberals, who believed that a state should be established
in order to help people to help themselves.
Although, it could be argued that modern liberalism does not depart significantly from the ideas of classical liberalism with regards to the size of the
state. This is because both forms f the ideology work towards the same aim;

Classical Liberalism Vs. Modern Liberalism Essay
As Thomas Paine once said "I believe in the equality of man", equality is a progressive ideology that humanity has struggled long and arduously to
fully achieve. (PP classical liberalism) According to the Bond textbook, "Ideology is a consistent set of values, attitudes, and beliefs about the
appropriate role of government in society." (Textbook, page 22) The movement that spanned during the creation of the United States was called classical
liberalism. What is liberalism? Classical Liberalism could be defined as a movement during the eighteenth maybe nineteenth century that was focused
on the unalienable rights of people such as freedoms that are written in the United States Constitution. Conservatism is also an ideal in which everything
such as laws, freedoms, and government must remain rooted in traditional values and morals. These major ideals influence the nation deeply because
both political parties back one of these ideals. The major differences between modern conservatism and modern liberalism are capitalism versus
government regulation, individual liberties versus traditional values, and morals.
Classical liberalism during that time only primarily focused on the rights of the individual such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, and voting.
Most of the sovereign nations at that time had little or minimal rights for the common people of the state. The people who were part of the ruling class
or bloodline believed that they had the "divine right" to rule. (PP

Classical Liberalism And Natural Rights
Classical republicanism and natural rights philosophy had a profound impact on the way the Founders viewed government. Though the two are
inherently different, the Founders used aspects from both to construct a well–rounded view of government. Many of the aspects they felt were
important were ideals that were not present in the monarchy in Great Britain. Classical republicanism focused strongly on promoting the common good
of the people. Natural rights philosophers,such as John Locke, kept the idea of ensuring and protecting individual rights as a focal point. The Founders
took elements from classical republicanism such as small, uniform communities, citizenship and civic virtue, and moral education. In conjunction with
these aspects, the Founders also were influenced by aspects of natural philosophy, including individual rights, popular sovereignty/government by
consent, limited government, and human equality. The Founders drew upon the aspects from both classical republicanism and natural rights
philosophy to create a government that would benefit the people and uphold natural rights while not being overbearing.
Classical Republicanism placed the needs of the people of the community above individual liberty and self–determination. These citizens were taught to
work together to promote the good of the country. They were not about working for private interest. Classical republicans believed that people had to
work together to maintain their republic and keep it free from

Importance Of Classical Liberalism
Liberalism is one of the most multifaceted and widely implemented ideologies among the popular political ideologies. Most of these variations of
liberations have stark changes to existing policy or new policy which dilutes the central ideas and values of classical liberalism. This analysis will
discuss the implications on the economy, society and the central values, the role of the state and the public vs. private aspects of classical liberalism. The
analysis will justify the statement, 'Classical liberalism is the most favourable form of liberalism as it transcends the inhibitory factors such as sectarian
values and emissive state interference and advances the state of individual and social freedoms'. Classical Liberalism is an ideology ... Show more
The policies that allow this level of individuality and value of advancing one own interest rather than supporting the community is supporting the
liberal goal of "improvement of the human condition in terms of material possessions, intellect, or freedom." (Maclean & Wood, 64). The approach of
the state under classical liberalism is one that views them as human construction, but they are used to promote justice and maintain order because
"human beings are selfish and require laws to live together in harmony" (Maclean & Wood, 64) and these laws are enforced by government institutions.
Classical Liberalism also has free market approach to regulating the economy whereby it prescribes minimal interference with and regulations for the
economy.
The central values of classical liberalism are individual freedom, equality and a free–market. The free market and individual freedom set out in
classical liberalism are a strong foundation for a strong economy. Individual freedom and equality may be contradictions but they cause classical
liberalism to be a constant struggle. This conflict between the two goals is evident in the statement "equality also concerns equality of opportunity...not
equality of outcomes" (Maclean & Wood, 65)" which is a step towards equality while maintaining the importance of work which is what causes the
economy to be more functional and it is socially just and proper as success in classical liberalism doesn't

The Industrial Revolution : A Classical Liberalism
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain bought about significant changes, and had varying impacts on people depending on their economic
status. It was a change that spread rapidly widening the gap between the rich and the poor wherever it developed. Although the industrial revolution
enhanced production, increased employment opportunities and resulted in high generation of revenues, it also negatively affected various industries
given that most of the trust, conglomerate and holding companies used their influence to kill any chance of fair competition; a move that ensured they
controlled their respective industries. Worse still, it increasingly degraded the lives of the middle class given that early on in the revolution; there were
no specific laws or regulations to protect them. It therefore becomes evident that it is laissez– faire (a classical liberalism) that supported the historical
record with regards to early industrial revolution.
During this time there was liberalism, conservatism and socialist, yet, not everyone that was in reform agreed with all regulations. According to the
Merriam Webster Dictionary, liberalism the nineteenth century was define as "a political philosophical based on belief in progress, the essential
goodness of the human race, and the autonomy of the individual and standing for the protection of political and civil liberties; specifically: such a
philosophy that considers government as a crucial instrument for amelioration of

Classical Liberalism Conservatism
'Liberalism is defined by the desire to minimise the role of the state.' Discuss (45 marks) There are two types of Liberals; Classical, who want to
minimise the state's role, and Modern liberals who want a more involved state. Classical liberals want a limited state because they support negative
freedom, as they believe it has; created a dependency culture, a potential nanny state, and cause damage to the economy. However, modern liberals
want a more involved state because it increases the level of positive freedom, equality of opportunity, social justice, and believe it boosts the economy.
Classical liberals espouse negative freedom, which is the absence of external restraints on individuals. They believe in freedom of the individual,...
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Modern liberals believe that the poor are restricted in the amount of freedom they have, in terms of activities done outside the work place when
compared to the activities the wealthy can do. It is thought, by modern liberals, that with the states help, the poor can be kept above the poverty
line and have access to the services which are the available to the wealthy. A view held by classical liberals, is that the state damages the economy.
They believe the state distorts the economy according to the most powerful groups in society that this group is privileged and other groups of
society are discriminated against. It is felt among classical liberals that, with a free market economy, everyone can become rich as everyone has
access to the market. It is felt that the state could restrict products or consumer choice within the market, and may even encourage people live on
others hard work e.g. benefits, rather than making money for themselves. In contrast to this view, the modern liberals believe that the state can boost
the economy. This is because it educates people to achieve the best for themselves, meaning better and harder workers. The state also creates jobs,
which in turn means more production, more money and more economic growth. Overall, this would mean more freedom for the people. To conclude,
modern liberals feel the state's role should be made bigger in society as it can boost the economy, increase social justice, better equality

Has Liberalism Betrayed Its Classical Principles?
Has liberalism betrayed its classical principles?
Liberalism is a powerful modern thrust which is not just an ideology, but has become more of a western understanding. Liberalism emerged during the
19th century, following the French revolution i.e. the feudal period. The philosophy had set out principles in relation to the individual such as
freedom, reason, justice, toleration and liberal democracy. A century later, there was the establishment of modern liberals. Modern liberalist ideas are
similar to those of the classical liberals but, in some cases differ quite vigorously. It has been argued that modern liberals have betrayed the core,
classical principles of liberalism.
Classical liberals believe that the individual is largely self ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This belief is backed up as there have been disasters such as recessions and the credit crunch. They believe that to prevent economic crisis, there needs
to be a managed economy where capital is extracted and put back in for the safety of the economy.
Classical liberalists have criticised modern liberals, accusing them of betraying the principles of liberalism. We can see this as the modern liberals
contradict what the classic liberals suggest. In response, modern liberals claim that rather than betraying and breaking the principles of the ideology,
they have built on and expanded it to fit in with modern society. Classic liberal ideas were created in the 19th century, when circumstances in society
were a whole lot different to what they are now. Modern liberal ideas were related to the further development of industrialisation. The development
brought massive expansions of wealth for some, as well as poverty, disease and ignorance for others. J.S Mill, who is a key thinker for liberalism
stated that that the classical liberal are right, however extra support needs to be given to an individual through setting structures in society.
From looking into the various elements of liberalism through both the classical and modern side, it can be concluded that modern liberals haven't
betrayed but instead have slightly tampered with the classical beliefs of liberalism. Because of the massive

Classical Liberalism And Its Influence On Today's Society
The major tenants of liberalism rising have influenced much of today's society. With the ideals of human rationality, individual liberty and private
property as espoused by classical enlightenment becoming arguably the ideological basis for most modern political systems; marked by representative
governments coupled with capitalist economies (Locke, 1690, p. 44; Mill, 1977, p. 434). While we herald these values as explanations for the rise of
and primacy of western states from the industrial revolution, we simultaneously also note how these tenants, when applied to "contemporary societies"
(Chirot & Hall, 1982, p. 82), seem to produce differing results. This essay aims to argue that while the liberal system has been instrumental in
development... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
44). He argues from a theological standpoint to assert that when man puts in his own labour into the "common" (p. 46) resources of nature, that
becomes his property, intended for his enjoyment from god that therefore necessitated protections from the law. Landes shows how these tenets of
liberal logic has have had huge impacts on the development of industry. Firstly, the notion of private property was argued to be a strong impetus
towards innovation and enterprise, for if one could now keep the gains of his labour, one would rationally be more willing to venture for personal
gains (pp. 31–32). Additionally, further development would then naturally lead to a market economy driven by competition, where the interests for
profit in a "merit" (p. 43) based system, naturally drive individuals to out–do one another either via an increase in productivity through a "division of
labour" (p. 43), or through "technological innovation" (p. 43). This point shows how a system free from political suppression of thought coupled
simultaneous with institutional freedom of market activity and protections of private property, managed to unlock and encourage the creative
productive capacities of men; critical precursors that led to the increase in innovation and wealth to the advantage of liberal societies. Innovation, not
only

Classical Liberalism : Through The Ages
Isaac Oraweme
POL 2400
Fall 2015
Northeastern University
Prof. Florencia Gabriele
11/21/2015
Classical Liberalism – Through The Ages
In order to evaluate both concepts of liberalism, we should take in to consideration their historical contexts. Because every political philosophy is the
product of a certain time and circumstance and therefore has its limitation(s).
Classical Liberalism, which is also known as traditional liberalism, laissez–faire liberalism, or simply liberalism all over the world is a doctrine that
stresses the importance of human rationality, individual property rights, natural rights, the protection of civil liberties, constitutional limitations of
government, free markets, and individual freedom from restraint.
At its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
< Raico, Ralph. "The Rise, Fall, and Renaissance of Classical Liberalism." – 01 Aug. 1992. Web. 20 Nov. 2015.> Essentially, western civilization is a
product of classical liberalism.
The principles of Classical liberalism are exemplified in the writings of John Locke, Montesquieu, John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith, Voltaire and
others. Classical Liberalism is basically seen as the combination of economic liberalism and political liberalism. Another contention of classical
liberalism is that part of what makes society civil is the ability of its members to help each other. Classical liberalism also sees the market as a major
part of civil society. It asserts that people want and ultimately need to do good by others, and claims that part of that includes freely exchanging the
fruits of their labor with fellow members of society.
Classical liberals don't just promote the market, limited government, and voluntary association, classical liberalism asserts that in order for society to
remain functional, it has to be democratic, and maintains that people do not simply need to do good by their fellow man but that they must also love
doing good. Liberals are hopeful that members of a civil society will do the right thing, but readily they acknowledge that people can be vicious,
specifically members of society who are in positions of

John Locke 's Theory Of Classical Liberalism
Property has been a main focal point in almost every society, because setting a principle to define one 's possessions is an important aspect in citizen's
lives. This is why the majority of countries contain some form of property rights. In broad terms, property is defined as a thing that someone possesses.
Throughout many years the definition of property has changed, and many philosophers have been able to address the different variations of property.
Today, the definition of property is complex and contains many sub–definitions. The spectrum for these definitions could range from private property to
intellectual property, because one can define property as estate, as another could define property as one's personal ideas. One philosopher that is
famous for his work on defining property is John Locke. Locke uses his ideals of liberalism to develop a reasonable and accurate definition of
property. To fully understand Locke's definition of property, classical liberalism needs to be understood. Locke's theory of classical liberalism is
based on natural rights, private property, and social contract, which helps in defining Locke's perception of property. A broad definition of Locke's
perception of property include life, liberty, and estate. These three categories are the basis of Locke 's definition of property. One of the first variations
of property that Locke mentions is common property. Locke say "The Earth, and all that is therein, is given to men for the support and

Classical Liberalism And The Enlightenment
Paper #1: Classical Liberalism
Classical liberalism is the transition from focusing on government to focusing on the rights of individuals. This transition came about during the time of
the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. The Enlightenment period was when man started to have more faith in his own reasoning. People began
to look for evidence on their beliefs themselves and to find proof on these beliefs, so that they could come up with their own opinions on things. One
way that they did this was by going back and rereading Roman and Greek texts and retranslating these texts. This new way of thinking also caused the
Protestant Reformation to occur. Some of the most influential Enlightenment writers were John Locke, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and the people
of France's National Constituent Assembly. John Locke was one of the most influential writers during the Enlightenment period, and was the first
"Enlightenment Thinker". Locke is the author of the "Two Treatises" and believed that every person was born with "natural rights" such as: life,
liberty, and property (Locke). These rights were meant for everyone, and not just the nobility or wealthy. Locke uses references from the Bible
throughout the "Two Treatises" stating that "God created man without any state of inferiority" (Locke). This disproves the idea of "Divine Right" given
from God that many countries in Europe had been participating in. John Locke also discussed the importance of "The Beginning of

Classical Liberalism And Global Warming
In December 2015, almost 200 countries around the world, gathered in Paris to sign an accord to slow global warming. Only three developed
countries did not agree with the accord. To most, it may seem that preventing global warming is necessary to protect future generations from heat
waves, super storms, and extreme flooding. Classical liberalism can provide the best explanation of why some countries choose to ignore global
warming. Liberalism is an international–relations theory that relies heavily on interdependence among many different actors within our international
system. Individuals, nongovernmental groups, international organizations all hold roles that are pivotal to international–relations (Arreguin–Toft and
Mignst 88). Liberals believe that people are inherently "good"; they are rational and can make the correct choices to move society towards progress.
However, it is crucial to the international system that all actors work together to build an efficient, sustainable society. Liberals believe that working
under one international system would aid in the construction of appropriate social institutions to neutralize threats to the common good (83–84).
Almost 200 countries signed the Paris Climate agreement to aid in the globe's fight in preventing temperatures from increasing to 1.5 degrees Celsius
from where they were before 1950. Though many countries signed it, only 164 fully accepted the terms. The Paris Climate agreement was founded in
liberal

Conservatism Vs. Classical Liberalism
The United States was founded on a basis of liberty and in the early 19th century, classical liberalism was the ideology that society thought would best
protect individual liberties. Conservatism and classical liberalism often resemble each other in social and political ideas and ways of thinking. There
are many factors that contribute to this resemblance between the two ideologies. Conservatism in the United States so often resembles classical
liberalism because of the similarity in the beliefs of government restrictions and regulations.
Before explaining how classical liberalism resembles modern day conservatism, it is important to understand the basis for both ideologies.
Conservatism is a difficult ideology to define because the notion of conserving something is shared between all followers, but it is often argued
what should be conserved (Ball, Dagger, and O'Neill 99). With different values and beliefs as well as pressure from society to conform, it is
difficult for conservatives to all agree on what exactly it is they want to conserve. Conservatism is often referred to the resistance to change,
however, this is where the difference between classical conservatism and modern conservatism is visible (Ball, Dagger, and O'Neill 99). Classical
conservatives were skeptical of equality and independent freedom and in order to keep the traditional social hierarchy, believed in restraining the
passions of the people in society (Ball, Dagger, and O'Neill 100). The worry that the

Essay on Classical Liberalism Vs. Classical Conservatism
Classical Liberalism vs. Classical Conservatism
In today's society, most people are unable to explain the differences between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In fact, the two parties'
ideologies seem to be very much alike; and therefore, people tend to believe that a Republican candidate and a Democratic candidate running for the
same office will not make a large difference from one another. Furthermore, both Democrats, the supposedly liberal party, and Republicans, the
supposedly conservative party, have been appointed to the highest office, the President of theUnited States of America. In most cases, the President has
been effective in building notable progress in our nation's growth, regardless of the political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ideally, the judgment of people is based on their personal characteristics rather than their group affiliation, minimizing the problem of racism and other
forms of bigotry (Franks 28). However, this is a problem with ethnic groups, like American Indians and immigrants, which concerns classical liberals
that believe their collectiveness hinders their individual natural rights. Finally, classical liberalism also protects the free marketplace, allowing buyers
and sellers to freely circulate ideas in order to achieve the most success (Franks 28). Therefore, the development of capitalism is an important ideology
protected by classical liberalism, along with the natural rights of individuals. On the other hand, the ideologies of the Republican Party originate from
the principles of the classical conservatism philosophy. Classical conservatism's underlying idea is to protect and conserve established traditional
values in the name of "liberty, equality, and fraternity," or to reinstate ideal values that are in decline (Franks 28). According to Edmund Burke, who is
regarded as the intellectual source of classical conservatism, the preservation of the values of tradition in family and the Church is more sound in
forming a government than "reason" (Jones 261). Thus, classical conservatism rules out the idea of empowering people who do not "deserve" power,
completely opposing the underlying factor of the individual's natural

John Locke Father Of Classical Liberalism Analysis

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