discussion on the difference between gender, sex and sexuality.

1. Introduction to
gender concepts

2. Gender Concepts
• Let’s Define Gender?
• Let’s Define Sex?
• List some Jobs

3. Definition of Gender
Gender refers to those
characteristics and roles of
women and men that are socially
constructed

4. Definition of Gender
What is Genderabout?
• Social roles and relations between men and womenin
the society.
• It affects all parts of our lives (social, economic and
political).
• It changesovertime.
• It is what we expect men and women to do and
behave.
• Itis about how power is usedand shared

5. Differences Between
SexandGender

7. Gender Equality
• Entails the concept that all human beings, both
men and women, are free to develop their
personal abilities and make choices without the
limitations set by stereotypes, right gender roles,
or prejudices.
• Gender equality that the different behaviours,
aspirations and needs of women and men are
considered, valued and favoured.
• It does not mean that women and men have to
become the same, but that their rights,
responsibilities and opportunities will not depend
on whether they are born male or female

8. Gender Equity
• Means fairness of treatment for women and men,
according to their respectiveneeds.
• This may include equal treatment or treatment that is
different but considered equivalent in terms of rights,
benefits, obligations andopportunities.
• In the development context, agender equitygoal often
requires built-in measures to compensate for the
historical and social disadvantages of women.

9. Gender analysis
• Is a tool /set of tools to assist in strengthening
development planning, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation, and to make
programmes and projects more efficient and
relevant.
• Gender analysis should go beyond cataloguing
differences to identifying inequalities and
assessing relationships between women and
men.

10. Gender analysis
• Gender analysis helps us to frame questions
about women and men’s roles and relations in
order to avoid making assumptions about who
does what, when and why.
• The aim of such analysis is to formulate
development interventions that are better
targeted to meet both women’s and men’s
needs and constraints.

11. Empowerment
• Implies people – both women and men – takingcontrol
over their lives by setting their own agendas,gaining
skills (or having their own skills and knowledge
recognized), increasing their self-confidence, solving
problems, and developingself-reliance.
• It is both aprocessand anoutcome.
• Empowerment implies an expansion in women'sability
to make strategic life choices in acontext where this
ability waspreviously denied to them.

12. Gender Mainstreaming
• Isastrategy for making women's, aswell asmen's,
concerns and experiences an integral dimension inthe
design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
policies and programmes in all political, economic and
social spheres sothat women and men benefitequally
and inequality is not perpetuated.
• Theultimate goal is to achieve genderequality
• Gender mainstreaming should be done in allareas and
at all levels insociety.

13. Approaches
Gender-neutral approaches do not
account for the differences between
women and men and do not consider
how women and men may be
marginalized and harmed or may not
benefit from research programs and
policy.

14. Approaches
Gender Aware (or responsive)
approaches are designed to meet both
women’s and men’s needs. These
approaches ensure that both women and
men will benefit, and neither will be
harmed by research, programs and policy,
such as, for example, by exacerbating
their work burdens.

15. Approaches
Gender transformative approaches actively
strive to examine, question, and change
rigid gender norms and the imbalance of
power as a means of achieving development
goals as well as meeting gender equity
objectives. These research, programmatic
and policy approaches challenge the
distribution of resources and allocations of
duties between men and women.

16. Why Gender?
• Why is it abigdeal?

17. Realities
• Consistent gender disparities in access to
and benefits from technologies, services
and inputs across developing countries
• Participation in and benefits from markets:
low female membership in agricultural
marketing cooperatives, lack of important
information on prices for marketing
systems, etc.

18. Realities
• Men and women are impacted differently by
technologies, interventions and other
emerging threats such as climate change,
HIV/AIDS on women.
• Focus on gender can increase the
productivity of agriculture and livestock
systems, and improve food security and
nutrition.

19. Realities
• Findings have shown the importance of
the explicit focus on gender in promoting
household poverty reduction.
• Meaningful representation in both men
and women decision making and policy
bodies, in management positions, in
research and development is an important
component of reducing gender inequalities

20. Realities
• The participation of men and women
in agricultural research and
development leads to better decisions
outcomes, better performance,
creativity and innovation and this has
been shown in a variety of settings,
occupations, and organizations.

21. Realities
 The potential gains from reducing gender disparities
• If women had the same resources as men, they could increase yields on their
farms by 20-30%
– raise agricultural output by 2.5-4% and reduce hungry people by 100-150
million (FAO, 2011)
• There is evidence that income under the control of women is more likely to be
used to improve family welfare
– women spend upto 90% of their income on their families, while men spend
30-40%
– strengthening marital bargaining power and "voice" within the household
decision-making
 Extent of gender mainstreaming /integration in agriculture researchand
development programs remains adhoc
– There is no evidence on what potential entry points bring the most benefits
or catalyse change

22. GaDvs WiD
• Gender and Development (GAD)
Approach
- was developed in 1980s in response to
perceived failings of the WIDApproach.
Rather than focusing exclusively on women,
this approach is concerned with relations
between women and men. It Challenges
unequal decision-making and power relations
between notonly men and women butalso
between rich and poor

23. GaDvs WiD
• Women in Development (WID)
- is an approach that emerged in the 1970s,
with the goal of integrating women more
fully into the development process. It
includes strategies such aswomen – only
projects and credit and training projects for
women.

24. Policy Approaches to WiD andGaD

25. Practical and
Strategic Gender
Needs

26. Practical Gender Needs (Practical Gender
Issues)
- Gender needs are related to immediate needs
of living, such as food, drinking water, and
medical care. These needs can be fulfilled by
providing inputs (such as food, installation of
wells, establishment of clinics, etc.). Although
the situation of women may be improved by
meeting their practical gender needs, this alone
can not be sufficient to change existing gender
roles and social relationships between men and
women.

27. Strategic gender needs (Strategic Gender Issues)
- Strategic gender needs arise from women’s
subordinate position and gender bias, such as lack of
resources and education, and inability to avert poverty
and resist violence. Although these strategic gender
needs are commonly experienced by many women,
they may not be aware of their disadvantaged position
nor their potential powers to bring about change. To
meet these strategic gender needs, it is necessary to
encompass social and political reforms though the
empowerment of women. These measures are seen as
relatively long-term objectives.