Eve Tuck And Yang Summary

Eve Tuck And Yang Summary
When looking at activism and social change within indigenous communities I think many non–indigenous individuals often forget what the most
important aspect is that these indigenous people are fighting for. Within educational institutions we learn about the ways that indigenous communities
are oppressed and marginalized and have been for many years. However, In Eve Tuck and Wayne Yang's article, Decolonization is not a metaphor
they take a very different approach in order to help the reader recognize that decolonization does not take place without being able to give indigenous
individuals their land back. As we are often taught that decolonization can refer to social justice means it is usually unclear as to the ways in which this
process begins. Decolonization is not merely educating awareness but having... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What I have noticed is that these authors both consider decolonization as something that is a goal and the need for physical transformation to be
present. For Walia this transformation deals with undoing and challenging the physical barriers of boarders (p. 118). She makes the same argument as
Tuck and Yang stating that " We are inserted into and complicit in culture that sees "Indians" rather than settlement as the problem." (p. 118). Walia
goes beyond what Tuck and Yang argue in stating that we need to understand the need for a decolonization movement that can try to push these
negative cultural aspects that society contains. She explains various types of these movements and how they all go above and beyond to fight for
different types of decolonization while learning to challenge oppressive behavior and create conditions that we want to see (2013, p. 129). I think by
realizing that decolonization is not simply a metaphor we are able to realize that social change needs to be taken into consideration in order to change
this
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Value Of Nature Within Our Everyday Lives
In order to further understand the value of nature within our everyday lives both the passages of Leanne Simpson, David Chambers and Helen
Watson address the importance of perspectives and the ways in which different knowledge is viewed within the world. In Land As Pedagogy:
Nishnaabeg Intelligence and Rebellious Transformation written by Leanne Simpson she highlights the importance of indigenous traditions and
knowledge as a way to obtain decolonization through sharing Nishnaabeg stories. She allows the reader to understand that indigenous traditions and
knowledge such as the Nishnaabeg intelligence view the land as pedagogy and offer processes such as "coming to know" (2014, p. 7). For instance,
Simpson (2014) explains this process as "... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The river of water from the sea is seen as the Western knowledge and the river of water from the land is Yolngu knowledge. Through examining this
metaphor we are able to understand that the mediation between each knowledge involves transformation and change. According to Chambers and
Watson (1989) " be that as it may it should not deter us from mediating between different worlds, after all in contemporary times it is the only hope
humankind has. The world is now too well connected to allow the luxury of alienation within on conceptual system." (Exhibit 1, p. 2). They do not look
at making one knowledge privileged from the other, which raises the question on how can we change the western attitude to nature and land? Where
does this start? Another important question these authors raised includes through examining both indigenous and western cultures, what can this teach
us?
Since, Leanne Simpson (2014) draws the reader to think about the value of indigenous cultures and traditions this allows for the reader to be struck
with many questions and concerns. Personally, I felt very emotional after reading this text because the ways in which Simpson explains the values of her
culture is very motivating and provides a deep amount of thought. She explains many important aspects as mentioned previously with coming to know
as well as aspects such as spiritual knowledge and theory in indigenous perspectives. This allowed for me to continuously

Effects Of The Conquest Of Mexico
The Conquest of Mexico And Epidemics
The Aztec and Central American (Mesoamerican) indigenous civilizations were onlookers to one of the worst demographic catastrophes in history
seeing citizen deficits of almost ninety percent, down to one million residents almost one century after conquest (Marr and Kiracoffe 2000). These
demographic disasters were in the form of disease outbreaks of New and Old World commencement and a consequence of and crucial contributing
components to the accomplishment of the Spanish annihilation of the region. As Spaniards infiltrated the region, introducing new cultural, political
and socioeconomic practices, the indigenous peoples found themselves subordinated and severely weakened by plagues caused by the growing Spanish
population and the unknown climatic factors of the period and unable to resist to Spanish dominance. The epidemics that ravaged the Mexican
indigenous populations in the sixteenth century ensured the success of the Spanish Conquest forever altering the face of Mexican history, demography,
and culture.
Historically, the epidemics that decimated the indigenous population permanently altered the trajectory of Mexican society. Pre–Conquest Mexican
society was well developed, arguably more so than Spanish society: Mexico was clean: wastes were hauled away by barge and composted for
fertilizer; a thousand men swept and washed the streets each day...Most of Mexico's streets were canals, laid out on a grid still followed by the modern

The And Its Effects On Indigenous People
"Bioprospecting is aimed to make humans rich, not to conserve forests" (Onaga 2001). Even though the Convention on Biological Diversity called for
more benefit sharing, in most cases bioprospecting agreements cannot be enforced by source countries, communities, or the convention (Sandhu 3,4).
This makes biopiracy common, since the country that makes a successful commercial product is likely to want to protect their intellectual property
rights and neglect indigenous contributions (Cluis 1). A local curing plant that was once a free commodity to indigenous people, is now a marketed
one that becomes unaffordable for the ones that discovered its value and used it before anyone else (Cluis 1). In 1969, a fungus containing
'cyclosporin' was collected in Norway and brought to Switzerland for screening (Dhillion et al. 492). It happened to be an immunosuppressant that
could treat patients with organ transplantations. This discovery was before the Convention on Biological Diversity, so Norway got no credit.
However, if they would have received a mere 2% royalty from the profit, they would have gained $24.3 million in 1997 alone, proving the incredible
economic potential bioprospecting has (Dhillion et al. 492). Bioprospecting can also harm the environment, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has
been criticized for devastating populations of "Maytenus Buchananii," a native Kenyan species with medicinal uses (Dhillion et al. 492). Lack of legal
framework and indigenous

A Non Indigenous Student
As a non–indigenous student, I want future generations to understand that the fact that you do not live on a reserve, does not mean you cannot
embrace your own Indigeneity, connect to your place and ancestry, and put effort into learning about your ancestral roots. I was feeling frustrated that
I did not have that connection to my ancestors, that I did not know their struggles, their stories, let alone their names. For this embodiment project I
expanded my knowledge of my own personal genealogy and developed a deep sense of appreciation for archival records, census forms, and any record
at all, of life in the eighteenth century and beyond. Throughout this ongoing project, the four R's (Reciprocity, respect, responsibility, and relevance)...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was then that all of the discussions that were had in my Indigenous class with Margo Tamez, and everything I had been taught about Indigenous
history came flooding back to me. I knew deep down that it was possible, but it seemed hard to believe that my chances at finding out more
information about my genealogy were growing more and more slim. The realization that my history has been impeded on is frustrating, and I know
I cannot justify this feeling because I am white. Whiteness is a state of unconsciousness. Whiteness is often invisible to white people, and this
perpetuates a lack of knowledge or understanding of difference, which, according to bell hooks, is a root cause of oppression (hooks, 1994).
Knowing your genealogy is a human RIGHT. It is not a privilege that I have luckily been awarded because I am white. It is a complete violation of
the rights of Indigenous peoples and this cannot continue. The biggest issue that I try to unpack in my embodiment project is in relation to what I am
calling 'colonized sources'. I will explain how I came to this terminology in a moment.
Colonization. Erasure. Settlers. Residential schools.
Around 1840, Euro–American imperialists imposed policies to terminate the passing of knowledge, language, and culture between generations
(desLibris, 2015). Following the rise of residential schools, Indigenous knowledge was becoming

Renaissance Conquerors : Spanish And Spanish
IV. Renaissance Conquerors (pp. 12– 15) A. As the Spaniards transitioned from the Middle–Ages to the Renaissance, they began to centralize
themselves politically and religiously as a Christian Empire (pp. 12 – 13). 1. 1479– Spanish Inquisition helped ensure Christian orthodoxy in Spanish
society. 2. 1485– Combination of Aragon and Castille families unified Spain with marriage. 3. 1492– Last Muslim stronghold in Spain, Granada, fell. 4.
Spain began period of religious unification and war, which gave their inhabitants plenty of experience fighting and allowed them to develop skills,
such as handling weaponry and riding horses, that would prove valuable in Mexico. B. Columbus' voyage in 1492 helped open up a new world to
Spain and began a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
LГіpez painted an overwhelmingly positive portrait of CortГ©s. B. The generally acknowledged best chronicle belongs to Bernal DГaz del Castillo, a
common foot solider in CortГ©s' group (pp. 16–20). 1. Bernal DГaz hoped to focus on the contributions of common men like himself rather than those
who normally received the glory, like CortГ©s. 2. DГaz revealed important motivations for writing down his account–"localism, pride in their lineage
and origins, a great sense of self–worth and accomplishment, a hope for recognition (and reward), and a desire to set down a 'true' story of their deeds
and triumphs" (pp. 16). a. Also wanted to justify control of indigenous populations and controversial encomienda system. 3. DГaz wrote The True
History of the Conquest of New Spain in opposition to the works of GГіmara and others. The work was not published until after his death, but remains
a fundamental resource for learning about this time. 4. Schwartz uses DГaz throughout the rest of his book to reflect the Spanish perspective of the
invasion. VI. The Indigenous Historical Traditions (pp. 20–28) A. Mesoamerican indigenous people believed history was cyclical and could, therefore,
be repeated. History was important because it could influence the future and because it contributed to the continuity of their identity (pp. 20–23) 1.
Prior to the Spanish conquest, indigenous groups used drawings and symbols combined with oral histories. a. The artist–scribe, aka

The Aboriginal Peoples Of Canada
INTRODUCTION: Concerns of violent victimization and self–destructive tendencies in Aboriginal communities have become a significant issue in
Aboriginal movements worldwide. In Canada, it has taken the specific form of feminist–inspired campaigns for only those Indigenous females that are
missing and murdered. The highly vocalized 2015 campaign for the 42nd Canadian Federal Election drew much attention to the fate of missing and
murdered Indigenous women. However, the attention on females suggests that the inherent implication that Indigenous men's attitudes toward
Indigenous women are the problem and that the men are not victims of violence themselves. This essay will first acknowledge the chronic problem of
violence in the place of Indigenous peoples in first world societies and the continuing social problems that marginalize their position. This paper will
then examine the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, the violence in their communities, and whether or not Indigenous men and their masculinities have an
appropriate place in the national picture regarding the missing and murdered Indigenous women. I will conclude with a consideration of the extent to
which if men do have an appropriate place in the inquiry and which policy recommendations are required to address the issues that Aboriginal people
confront.
GLOBAL VIOLENCE AMONGST INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS:
Violence has become a chronic problem amongst women in Global Indigenous populations and communities. The dominant view is

Oral Indigenous Knowledge Systems Different From Written...
Q1. How are oral Indigenous knowledge systems different from written Western science traditions? Indigenous knowledge comprise of all knowledge
pertaining to particular people and its region, with the nature of knowledge transmission being primarily oral via generations. Knowledge such as
scientific, agricultural, technical as well as ecological knowledge is all part of the Indigenous knowledge. Indigenous knowledge has some distinct
features that are not seen in Western science traditions. Unlike Western science traditions, where rights to knowledge are commonly owned by an
individual and/or company, indigenous knowledge is owned collectively by the indigenous people of that region. Another distinct feature is the
interdependence... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are also holistic in their approach, in the sense that land, people, animals, plants and other objects are all seen together. Senses beyond the
observable, such as intuition and 'feeling' are also a distinguishing feature of Indigenous 'Ways of Knowing'. Inversely, Western Science is characterised
by being religiously agnostic, seeing self as being separate from surroundings, learning through rational hypothesis testing, seeing objects, and the view
that 'now' is for understanding the past and predicting the future. The Western science traditions are founded on systematic and hierarchical models,
where there is a focus on scientific objectivity, which aims to alleviate any bias in results. Thus western science traditions aim to be independent of
influence from particular perspectives, value commitments, community bias or personal interests. In summary, indigenous knowledge systems and
traditional western science systems are polarized. Western science is generally objective and quantitative, as opposed to indigenous systems that are
subjective and qualitative. Q2. Compare and contrast how Indigenous communities classify, identify and name natural resources with that of how
Western scientists undertake these tasks. Western Scientists are process driven in the method of classifying,

Traditional Ecological Knowledge Essay
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and the conservation of natural resources Nature as w e know it means different things to different people. To an
economist, natural is often seen as a resource to be transformed and put in readiness for human use. An alternative view is that humans are stewards
who should care for natural things as well as making use of nature's bounty. Another view is that nature of animism, which sees nature as a living thing,
something to be respected and not controlled. Some native American's view the earth as a sacred place could be called animist. Another alternative
view is that the entire planet earth is a self correcting system based on a symbiotic relationship between the earth and the living beings(Peacock,... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They do not believe that they kill the animal because of how skilled a hunter they were. In order to show their gratitude to the land, they make sure
that they do not misuse the meat that they derive from such animal. Who are the indigenous people? Emery and Associates defined indigenous people
as descent of populations that lived in a particular country or geographical regions to which the country belongs, at the time of colonization or
conquest and who irrespective of their legal status retain some or all of their own cultural, social and political institutions (Emery and Associates,
1997). While most literature on the traditional ecological knowledge focused on North American indigenous people, there are also indigenous societies
in Australia, South America, Asia and Africa, each with its own version of traditional ecological knowledge. What is traditional ecological knowledge?
Traditional ecological knowledge as defined by Fikret Berkes is the knowledge base acquired by indigenous and local peoples over thousands of years
through direct contact with the environment(Berkes, 1993). This knowledge includes the spiritual, physical, emotional, and mental aspects and related
components of the earth and universe. Traditional ecological knowledge is often passed from generations to generations through oral

Kinesiologists
IKON is Australia's leading, specialist provider of therapeutic and human services training and is dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding
in humanistic studies through vocational and higher education, leadership and practice. The IKON Institute aims to produce graduates who are
enabled to continually develop their own potential, and whose skills, knowledge and therapeutic client–centred practice contribute to the creation of an
international community of people and practitioners committed to social change, community building and individual healing. At IKON, you'll gain
more than a nationally recognised qualification, you'll gain a rewarding career where you can make a positive difference in your life and the lives of
others. What... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The kinesiology approach examines 'unresolved stress reactions' in a person and provides techniques intended to help the body's natural healing
process. Some of the techniques available to Kinesiologists include: acupressure lymphatic massage hypertonic muscle release attention to reflex,
trigger and body points nutritional advice remedies, such as flower essences and homeopathics The Diploma of Kinesiology at IKON The Diploma
of Kinesiology will give you the opportunity to gain skills and work with clients to gain a greater understanding of what their body is trying to tell us.
This course is particularly relevant for people that want to work in health fields where an integrated mind body medicine approach is useful – such as
working with people with long term chronic conditions, structural and pain related conditions, life change and psychological states, and children and
adults to improve learning. The training explores the relationship between the mind and the body simultaneously, addressing issues deep within the
mind through counselling

Reflective Paper Response to the Film вЂњSamson and Delilah.вЂќ
Reflective Paper Response to the film "Samson and Delilah."
"Samson and Delilah" (2009) explores issues of survival for two disliked teenagers from a remote indigenous community in Central Australia. Written
and directed by Warwick Thornton, this film follows the gradual partnership of two indigenous teenagers who live in a small–impoverished rural
community outside Alice Springs. It is a film of slow and alarming beauty. The journey of these two young teenagers has brought to attention a greater
awareness and understanding of both Indigenous art and culture, as well as how issues arising from this film may affect and impact upon wider
understandings and awareness of Indigenous culture.
The first personal connection I made with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mills writes "The street trading harms no one, though perhaps it inconveniences the businesses in the Alice Springs mall who wish to avoid
painting sellers hassling their customers. Many of those businesses are art galleries, but most have several more zeros after their prices and are, as
all acknowledge, targeting very different markets."[5] This made me reflect upon the scene where Delilah walked into an Indigenous Art store,
helplessly trying to get her work noticed and put up for sale, only with the owner of the store quickly looking at her and stating "not interested."
Mills' article has made a strong connection with "Samson and Delilah" and made myself more aware of how real the struggle for Indigenous people
can be. As brutal as it may be, Mills' truthful words explain a feeling I felt through the viewing of the film: "Residents of Alice Springs reject the
notion that their town is rife with racism and violence, but unless they admit there is a problem, nothing will change."[6] The relationship between
Samson and Delilah grew to a point where they really cared for each other, and it seemed that only them themselves would look after and respect each
other, as opposed to the non–Indigenous people living in Alice Springs to help them with their struggle.
As only recently leaving my teenage years myself, its sorrowful to know there are younger teenagers of an Indigenous background who struggle as
much as the characters of Samson and Delilah. This film has begun an

The History Of Residential Schools In Canada
Although Canada's history is rich with admirable qualities that justify great patriotism, it also has a disturbing past. In particular, this past is centred
around the treatment of Canada's Indigenous population in regards to the tragic residential schools that were implemented. From 1800 until 1990,
residential schools were established to eliminate Indigenous culture in hopes to assimilate them into a mainstream white society (Statistics Canada,
2004). Reaching their peak in 1930, there were 80 schools in effect (Statistics Canada, 2004). Presently, there is an extensive history of residential
schools, in which the various perspectives and conditions of the schools are outlined. To begin, the assorted perspectives regarding the usage of these ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This need is supported by the often brutal living conditions faced by the students at the schools. For starters, the physical construction of the schools
was of poor quality and build (Neeganagwedgin, 2014, p. 33). Next, the schools were often plagued with illnesses such as tuberculosis, which was
soon recognized as the leading cause of numerous deaths amongst students (Grant, 1996, p. 118). On top of this, there was poor ventilation throughout
the schools as means to save on costs (Grant, 1996, p. 118–119). Ultimately, this contributed to the rampant spreading of such illnesses (Grant, 1996, p.
119). An inspection of the schools in 1907 revealed that schools that had been in effect for ten years or higher had alarming illness and death rates
(Grant, 1996, p. 118). In fact, "...seven percent of the present or former students were sick or in poor health, and twenty–four percent were dead"
(Grant, 1996, p. 118). To make matters worse, the meals prepared for the students were of astonishingly poor quality. In an interview with Bette
Spence, she confesses that one meal in particular was "Just bits of lamb floating in this white, off–white gravy..." stating that "...it wasn't appetizing at
all. But, you had to eat something or just go hungry" (Deiter, 1999, p. 41). Often, there also

The Ancient Songs, Stories And Art Of Native People
Patty Loew writes "the ancient songs, stories and art of Native people are filled with symbolism and wisdom. In order to understand the cultural
meaning of the people, places, and events that shaped their lives, we must not only read history, but also listen to it (Loew 11)." When we listen to
history, it can be recognized by means of how the author acknowledges that written accounts of people and their lives does in fact offer a valuable
source of information, but it diminishes in comparison to what could actually be learned from those who actually come from that history. Additionally,
in order to actually listen to history it's important to read it but it also means that we must be able to understand it. If we can understand history, we
can use our understandings of history to apply it to history over time. History is important when listening to the past because of the fact that it gives
people an understanding of how people's cultures have evolved over time. This also allows us to learn from the past and hopefully prevent making the
same mistakes again in the future. Passing stories down is another important component in order to listen to history due to the fact that oral history has
allowed us to construct the past and get more crucial details. Throughout the book there are several examples of how the author listened to history in
order to write her book. From the first chapter in Indian Nations of Wisconsin, Loew allows us to listen to history by means of discussing

The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Western North...
Environmental degradation has become a social and cultural norm both within and supported by Westernized North American life, and the average
Canadian and American citizen will likely suffer an estrangement from our natural world. This separation, backed by centuries of social constructions,
has done much more than alienate us from our original physicality: it has enforced a culturally justified set of values rationalizing and permitting the
devastation of wilderness. A cultural mindset extending centuries into the past is difficult for the individual to identify and even more challenging for a
society to overcome; however, another culture exists, namely that of the North American indigenous peoples, who have developed and experienced,
through a history of living at peace with the land, what is known as traditional knowledge. This unique relationship to the land encompasses a truth that
colonial and subsequent Western rule both overlooked and stigmatized in the face of economic and social "progress". While Western North American
culture is beginning to acknowledge and explore the worldview and methods accrued through traditional knowledge and employ consultation with the
indigenous peoples as a vehicle of sustainability, serious damage has already been committed and could have been lessened had our past entailed an
adoption of Aboriginal worldviews. The benefits of traditional knowledge can particularly be seen through analysis of Aboriginal relationships to
forestry, which

Ways Of Being By Indigenous People
Ways of Being
Indigenous people believe that they are part of the existing entities and have rights to earned and bestowed the resources to country, self and others
(Martin & Mirraboopa, 2003). They thought that physical world is co–existed with human world. So that they must protect the physical world as their
guardians (Martin & Mirraboopa, 2003). Their ways of being also change when the relations change among the people and amongst the entities. The
experiences of one is for all and the experiences of others are also for one; this is learnt each other through "reciprocity, obligation, shared experiences,
coexistence, cooperation and social memory" (Martin & Mirraboopa, 2003, p. 210). Arbon (2008) also state that being is embodiment, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Discussion
Australian Indigenous epistemology is the communication and interpretation and experiencing of physical world, human world and scared world with
the Indigenous perspectives of knowing, being and doing. Base on the literature review, the Australian Indigenous epistemology can be described as the
following diagram. First of all, human world received the knowledge from physical world by experiencing, controlling and organizing their ways of
knowing. Then, this knowledge is embodied, reciprocal and relatedness to apply in the communication and co–existing processes with other entities, to
create ways of being. The ways of being support the emergence of scared world through sharing and learning processes of Indigenous community. In
addition, ways of doing is synthesis and articulation of Indigenous ways of knowing and ways of being to develop laws, power, culture and essence
to assist the scared world. Likewise, scared world also contributes the ways of doing by setting up the concept of do no harm approach and
co–existence with other entitles to maintain and guard to become a sustainable physical world. To sum up, Australian indigenous epistemology is a
unique and the steps are link each other as a packed one in its origin.
Conclusion
In conclusion, there are many articles related to Australian Indigenous epistemology, but this article reflects and review the Indigenous epistemology
that develop by Indigenous scholars and all the resources are

Rhetorical Analysis Example
English 131 W
October 7, 2017
Assignment 2:Rhetorical Analysis
From August 30 to September 16, 1995, the global highlightwas China, where thousands of women gathered to attend two significant events: The 1995
NGO Forum on Women and the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women.Approximately 31,000 women from more than 200 countries attended the
nongovernmental organization forum, compelled by the need to join the fast–growing, worldwide network of women who were determined to achieve
equality, development, and peace. In the NGO Forum, UN fourth World conference on women in Huairou, Beijing, PROC, the primitive women
present had come together to draft a declaration to claim their own rights, so called "Beijing Declaration of Indigenous ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, in the later part of the declaration, when they do their proposals and demands, for multiple times, they mention their target audience. One of
their most important readers, the "government", is mentioned many times in the article. Like when they say"We demand that the international
community and governments recognize and respect our rights to our territories" (Beijing Declaration of Indigenous Women, 22), and when they
declare "We urge the governments who are opening up out territories to foreign investors especially to mining corporations, to respect these rights."
(Beijing Declaration of Indigenous Women, 23), they always emphasize the word "government", which accurately locks their audience with the group
related to official departments, say government, international organizations, the United Nations, and so on. They to some extent ignore the public, the
teenagers, the elders, the people outside the indigenous group and have mere interest in acknowledging this issue solely to the government. They are
not intending to persuade everybody, only calling the government to take actions to satisfy indigenous peoples' demands. Secondly, because of the
special audience they have, their language style is also distinctive. The tone of the article is official and serious due to the situation of being present in
a worldwide famous conference in Beijing. The style is best defined by their special rhetorical dictions,

Civil Aspects Of The Indigenous Communities
The Indigenous people throughout Mexico have had a tumultuous history filled with violence and repression. Their rich cultures have repeatedly been
infringed upon by outside cultures, and their place in the world remains uncertain to this day. This battle to retain their culture began centuries ago, and
envelopes all different types of Indigenous groups, from the old Aztecs to the Zapotecs. Their society was and remains to be very different from popular
culture in Mexico and Spain during the times of the Conquistadores, and they have therefore been subjected to different persecutions and
maltreatments throughout history. The Indigenous people have had their own customs and social laws since their inception. These customs are very
different than popular Mexican society, and therefore are the targets of criticism and persecution at the hands of the Mexican government. One of the
most defining civil aspects of the Indigenous communities is the concept of communal land. The land was owned by the community as a whole,
known as Ejido land, and households were given land to work and live on in exchange for their agreement to follow the social aspects of the society.
The system was a complex and effective web of public–held positions for every aspect of civil society from police to mayordomos, or the people who
tended to the saints for a year. It was a kind of social obligation, and composed of both a civil and religious hierarchy. This system was an effective
way to maintain

Community Reflection Essay
Since the begging of the course, I struggled to realize where my areas of interest really lie. I learned a lot about Indigenous knowledge and perspectives
that enhanced my personal knowledge and will aid me in the future when I am working with the Indigenous community. This course helped me deepen
my understanding in the context of Indigenous Culture, based on different histories, environments, and creative spirits and as to why it is essential to
Indigenous peoples identity and why the understanding of tradition and knowledge is vital to the Indigenous community. As the course is coming to an
end, I realized that my passion lies working with the indigenous community to help heal the youth because the youth are the key to the future and
Indigenous children and youth have the highest suicide rate, organizations continue to ask for more funding but, does not aid in the best interest for the
youth. I believe reconnecting Indigenous children and youth to their culture and tradition could aid in their healing process.
Indigenous children and youth in Canada have some of the highest suicide rates in the world. Historically, suicide was a very rare occurrence amongst
Indigenous people (Kirmayer, 2007). It was only after contact with early European settlers and the subsequent effects of colonialism that suicide
became prevalent. In the 2006 Census, a total of 1,172,790 people in Canada identified themselves as Indigenous people. A National Household
Survey in 2011 showed that 1,400,685 people in Canada identified themselves as Indigenous persons. This represents 4.3% of the national population.
The 2011 statistics show an Indigenous population increase of 20.1% between 2006 and 2011, compared with 5.2% for the non–Indigenous population
(Statistics Canada, 2013). Suicide and self–inflicted injuries are the leading causes of death for Indigenous children and youth. Approximately 55% of
all Indigenous people are under 25 years of age. The suicide rate for Indigenous male youth (age 15–24) is 126 per 100,000 compared to 24 per
100,000 for non–Indigenous male youth. For Indigenous female youth, the suicide rate is 35 per 100,000 compared to 5 per 100,000 for
non–Indigenous females (Health Canada, 2010). Suicide rates

Canada 's Relationship With The Indigenous People
This is a powerful quote, and to each individual, it has its own meaning. When I read this quote, what I understood was that if one believes they are
powerless, then they are. The oppressor cannot control what is in your head, or your spirit. This quote is relevant because it corresponds to
Canada's relationship with the Indigenous people. My paper will be ranging from the topics of residential schools in Canada, and the aftershock of
them; the positive influence New Zealand could have on Canada's struggle to decolonization, and looking deeper into how Canada can take New
Zealand as an example and try to incorporate it into our own values and system. Although this paper includes a broad range of subjects, it will be
focused solely on my... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although to most, Residential schools are considered a time of the past, the final residential school did not actually close until 1986, which means
that many of our older generation of today's Aboriginal communities are residential school survivors. The traumatizing effects of the schools had not
only had a significant effect on the families directly involved, but also for generations to follow. According to the Manitoba Justice Institute,
residential schools laid the foundation for the epidemic we see today of domestic abuse and violence against Aboriginal women and children.17 The
high rates of domestic violence among Aboriginal families results in a vicious cycle of abuse and dysfunction over generations. The families directly
affected were raised with no love, from there, the pain was carried down in many other forms and so forth. This brings me to the topic of my first
notion, that education is the root of decolonization. I am certain of this because, from what I understand nothing is so persistent and forced into
society more than education is. I am not concentrated strictly on schools, but the idea that we are constantly surrounded by many possible sources of
knowledge. A young child first and foremost learns from its surroundings (its parents, siblings, media, etc...) and then usually put into a school for
further education. How a child is developed mentally plays such a huge role in his or her life choices, and later on

Contemporary Management Of Traditional Forest
There are over 556 federally recognized tribes in the United States. Over eighteen million acres on 334 tribal reservation in 36 states are forests and
woodlands (IFMAT). These forested ecosystems are vital to tribal communities therefore it is important to address frameworks offered for
co–managing resources. Despite the popular assumption, Indian tribes have managed lands for thousands of years prior to Euro–American settlement.
Tribal communities relied on traditional knowledge to sustain their livelihoods. Traditional ecological knowledge is passed down through generations,
which include harvesting, use of fire, and sustaining livelihoods through the landscape and cultural practices. In recent years, traditional knowledge
held by local and indigenous communities has gain international recognition that this knowledge can offer modern society restoration solutions for
multiple ecosystems. There are strong examples of contemporary management of traditional forest use in multiple tribes throughout the US with a
variety of approaches from conventional westernized approaches to programs rooted in traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). This paper evaluates
three tribes located in the west: the Tulalip Tribe, the Karuk Tribe, and White Mountain Apache. Academic literature on indigenous forest management
and current plans/programs implementing traditional ecological knowledge were reviewed to address the following questions: What is Traditional
Ecological Knowledge (TEK)? What

Aboriginal Women Research Paper
Aboriginal women face disproportionate challenges throughout their incarceration which impacts their successful community reintegration. Over the
last ten years, inmate assaults involving Aboriginal women have exponentially grown, almost doubling, while use of force incidents have more than
tripled. Rates of self–injury involving incarcerated Aboriginal women are seventeen times higher than that of non–Aboriginal women. To agree with
Baldry, Carlton, and Cunneen, using Indigenous women as a focus point is beneficial because their "experiences embody and exemplify the
intersections between colonial and neocolonial oppression and the multiple sites of gender and disadvantage and inequality that stem from patriarchal
domination." Cunneen highlights that Indigenous women actually live in "many prisons"; the prison of misunderstanding; the prison of misogyny;
and the prison of disempowerment. Patricia Monture insists that one way women can resist oppression and facilitate social change is by telling their
own stories. The Task Force for Federally Sentenced Women developed a report called Creating Choices, which attempted to relocate the power to
make choices in womens' lives out of the hands of prison officials and back to the women themselves because, according to the findings of the Task
Force, it is only when people are treated with respect and when they are empowered can they take responsibility for their actions and make meaningful
decisions. Monture–Okanee reflects on the irony of the final report ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We are learning that when genuine 'Indigenous' Justice is hiding under the cloak of Western paradigms, we continue to see the rising population of
Indigenous peoples––especially Indigenous women––in prisons. Our programs and rehabilitative initiatives remain under Western paradigms, even
when painted with the brush of 'restorative' or 'indigenous'

The Injustice Of Indigenous Offenders Essay
The Injustice of Indigenous Offenders Throughout the history of Canada, we have acknowledged Indigenous cultures as being the first people of
Canadian land. However, society has not treated them as equal members of society since the first explorers settled. The Euro–Canadian culture has
impacted the Indigenous people negatively; as a result injustice between the two cultures has developed and inequality has widened as the two cultures
interact more frequently. Lisa Monchalin (2016), author of the text The Colonial Problem: An Indigenous Perspective on Crime and Injustice in
Canada, noted multiple reasons how Aboriginal people are discriminated against in society, and how they are over–represented in Canadian correctional
system. In society, according to Aylsworth, L., and Trovato, F. (2012) of The Canadian Encyclopedia, the indigenous population was approximately
4.3% of the total Canadian population, yet, the 2015–2016 Annual Report of the Office of the Correctional Investigator noted "an unabated increase in
the number of Indigenous people behind bars, a rate now surpassing 25% of the total federal incarcerated population" (2016, n.p.). This raised the
question as to why there was such a blatant over–representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system. Indigenous history has been
speckled with injustices, hardship, discrimination, racism, and have been on the receiving end of multiple attempts to rid Canada of Indigenous ways
and people. The history of these

Social And Individual Factors Affecting The Level Of Local...
INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this study was to collect information on how people of a particular culture and region make use of wild plants. Ethnobotany studies the
interactions between people and plants in nature, with influences of botany and anthropology and can contribute to discussions that link indigenous
human populations to areas of interest for biological preservation. Ethnobotany medicine, the scientific term for traditional health care, encompasses
the knowledge, skills, methods, practices, and beliefs about health care found among the members of a community. These approaches take into account
the interests of indigenous communities involved in such areas in order to emphasize the importance of the traditional knowledge of the ... Show more
MATERIALS & METHODES:
In order to document the utilization of indigenous medicinal plants, survey was carried out during the Spring, summer and autumn of 2012 in the
Namarestagh district (Mazandaran province) of Iran. The survey was spread across the seasons so as to get maximum information. The information
on medicinal uses of the indigenous plants have been described after gathering information from general local people and experienced aged rural
folk. The research population consisted of 674 people, including residents of the five villages. According to the study and collection of data and
characteristics of population, the sample size was determined using the equation Cochran (214 = n). A total of 214 inhabitants from 5 villages were
interviewed. The randomly selected respondents of different ages from about 40 years and above were interviewed in local language, that is,
Mazandarani. A semi structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the resource persons using standard methods Information on local
name of the plant, plant parts used for curing disease their recipes and mode of administration were recorded. Plants collected during the surveys were
identified with the help of flora.Cronbach 's alpha coefficients were calculated for different parts of the questionnaire that the total value of 0.78 was
determined to show the reliability of the questionnaire.
Analysis of data obtained from questionnaires, using the software

Pathos In Rigoberta Menchu
I, Rigoberta MenchГє, is the personal narrative of a Guatemalan QuichГ© indigenous woman and her experiences as part of a culture and people
severely discriminated against. MenchГє speaks of life for a vast majority of the indigenous population in Guatemala. She describes a life of extreme
poverty plagued by violence, starvation, and socio–economic inequality. Her people have been systematically oppressed since the Spanish conquest of
Guatemala and have been forced into a subservient position to an elite minority who controls the means of production. These elitists are a portion of a
larger group that MenchГє refers to as "ladinos." A ladino is any Guatemalan who rejects his or her indigenous heritage and who views himself or
herself as superior to the Maya people. The death of MenchГє's family prompts her to speak on behalf of all indigenous people and dedicate her life to
overthrowing the relation of domination and exclusion that characterizes Guatemalan society. In order to accomplish this, MenchГє acts pragmatically
and adopts techniques from ladino culture, such as the Spanish language and Christianity, to more effectively protect her own culture. MenchГє uses
pathos, appealing to her readers' empathy, to gain their support for her human rights efforts by demonizing ladino culture through horrific examples of
violence and the idea that she can only resist racial discrimination by assimilating to the culture perpetuating it. As Elisabeth Burgos–Debray states in
the

A Case Study Of Bangladesh And Papua New Guinea
Introduction:
The world climate is degrading in different ways to strive with the human need. Standing in this situation, we are trying to organize the natural resource
management through the utilization of scientific knowledge (research based) as well as other knowledge like local or indigenous knowledge system.
On the other hand, to keep a continuous food supply for every living body along with a stable climate, are the concerning parts of the natural resource
management. When increasing production of food and stable resource management is not compatible with each other at this moment, different
knowledge systems are promoting for resource management all over the world to solve this problem. Integrated different knowledge under one
umbrella is a challenge because diverse way gives diverse solution and satisfying local people with the scientific solution is more difficult where they
keep in–depth knowledge about resources in a specific area. A case study of Bangladesh and Papua New Guinea will present a brief example of the
topic. Though it is problematic to use diverse knowledge in a holistic manner, only government can do this job and we don 't have any alternative to
save ourselves from the wrath of nature.
What is NRM:
At starting, we need to clarify what is NRM. Natural resource management is different in different area, even among people, but as a scientific
explanation, – "Natural resource management is an interdisciplinary field of study. Mainly reflects the

Indigenous People In Canada
Canada Вas a nation is known to the world for being loving, courteous, and typically very welcoming of all ethnicities. Nevertheless, the treatment of
Canada's Indigenous population over the past decades, appears to suggest otherwise. Indigenous people have been tormented and oppressed by the
Canadian society for hundreds of years and remain to live under discrimination resulting in cultural brutality. This, and more, has caused severe negative
cultural consequences, psychological and sociological effects. The history of the seclusion of Indigenous people has played a prominent aspect in the
development and impact of how Indigenous people are treated and perceived in today's society. Unfortunately, our history with respect to the treatment
of Indigenous communities is not something in which we should take pride in. The Indian Act of 1876 is an excellent model of how the behavior of
racial and cultural superiority attributed to the destruction of Indigenous culture and beliefs. The Indian Act established by the Canadian government is
a policy of Aboriginal assimilation which compels Indigenous parents under threat of prosecution to integrate their children into Residential Schools.
As a nation, we are reminded by past actions that has prompted the weakening of the identity of Indigenous peoples. Residential schools has also
contributed to the annihilation of Indigenous culture which was to kill the Indian in the child by isolating them from the influence of their parents and

Decolonization Of Indigenous People
For hundreds of years' Indigenous people have been colonized by the British and now Canadian settlers in Canada. Colonization is defined in
Merriam–Webster Dictionary as taking control of an area and sending people to live there. This is initially what the British did when coming to North
America. However, since then colonization has gained a larger and more sinister meaning. Colonization was used to undermine and devalue all aspects
of Indigenous culture, including traditional medicine and healing practicesi. It encompasses the attempt at assimilating the indigenous people into the
now western ways by presenting Indigenous people as savages and less than the European culture. Due to this history of colonization Indigenous people
now have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decolonization a process that centres on regaining political, cultural, economic and social self–determination as well as positive identities as
individuals, families, communities and nationsii. One way that this can be achieved is through the integration of indigenous and western health care
practices. This can be done by educating both parties about the differences and similarities between them. Further when if the two ideologies can be
used together it will create an environment where stereotypes can be dissolved. However, there will still be problems overcoming in the stereotypes
initially, which is why cultural competency training and communication is important. Dialogue must be created with Indigenous people to learn what
is needed to educate about and integrate Indigenous practices into mainstream healthcare for Indigenous people. Although difficult, modifying the
western biomedical model of health care to integrate the indigenous traditional model will assist the decolonization of the relationship between
Indigenous people and Canada. This is possible because it will allow Indigenous people to reclaim their traditional culture, redefine themselves as
people in the greater society and reassert their distinct

Learning From Indigenous Knowledge On Education
Learning from indigenous knowledge in education: Indigenuous knowledge has been the foundation for learning that aboriginal families, communities
and nations have always maintained for their children. It has been our knowledge systems, cultural traditions and values, and ancestral languages that
have affirmed our place within the Canadian context. Indigenous perspectives on learning do not see indigenous and western knowledge traditions in
opposition to one another.(Battisfe,2002).Indigenous peoples ability to thrive is a testament to the ways they can a
And choose from, changing traditions, including western educational approaches.
"Ways of knowing ": We are interested in how people try to understand themselves, then society... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3) The subservience of nature.
4) A commitment to a realistic. QUESTION: DISCUSS THE INFLUENCE SITES OF LEARNING.....................
Answer: Indigenous technologies and the land began in 1998–99.The time sequences of this story is spring 1999 to autumn 1995 like the hermit crab
running backwards on the intertidal zone in the dark hours looking for a home a snail shell running forwards sideways in circles the quest is
Indigenous ecological knowing and practices eco–technologies and survivance stories respectful research practices. We become trespassers on our own
land retroactively for a dozen generations. The newcomer arrived in our territories they have created social–spiritual and environmental cries for us or
survivances and regeneration are threats to mainstream socio–political legitimacy and epis–etymological supremacy. Sites of learning: Communal
experiences become incorporated in the language of family and community. The mutually reinforcing influence of each of these learning sites–language
family, community and ceremony is like a medicine, wheel always in motion, with each quadrant drawing from and enriching all the others. Language
instruction in elementary, secondary school, oral history and culture courses the sites of learning extend beyond the family hearth and the village
council of former times. The impact of ceremonies are carried outward from the traditional camp

Film Evaluation-the Linguists
Christian Stiers Human Geography Linguists Film Analysis 1.Why do linguists study languages, and what is lost when a language dies? Figure out
possible ways the human mind can make sense of the world around it. Some unique way of seeing the world could be lost. 2.What areas do Gregory
and David choose when they are looking for languages to research? Areas most in need and areas with history of colonization. India, Bolivia, and
Siberia are some examples. 3.Who typically stops speaking the indigenous language, and why do you think that is? Often children, because they
integrate into a more popular language. They do this for an economic advantage. 4.What has been the role of boarding schools on the... Show more
10.Why do researchers Gregory and David show indigenous people the audio and video records they created? It's important for them to show the audio
and video records so they can reconnect with their past and remember their indigenous culture. 11.Using the website http://www.ethnologue.com/, find
how many languages in the world are threatened or endangered, and which are the languages that have the fewest speakers in the world. Which region
has the most threatened languages in the world? The Pacific has the fewest speakers in the world. There are 1,531 languages in threatened and 916
languages endangered. Asia has the most threatened languages in the world, Indonesia having the highest rate within Asia. Hawaiian language only
has 1000 speakers, but it has stabilized in this number and there is now school instruction in the language. Amahai is a nearly extinct language in
Indonesia with only 50 native speakers. Linguistics: The Film Analysis The film Linguists is a very unique exploration into the indigenous cultures and
the prevalence of their languages. Researchers Gregory and David examine endangered languages in several regions to further understand the different
ways the human mind can make sense of the world around it. Linguists covers a diverse range of topics regarding the importance of language to
culture, the number of languages that are

Tourism and Indigenous People
BA (Hons) Tourism Marketing Year 3 1.0 AN INTRODUCTION According to the United Nations definition of indigenous people, they are
"descendants of those who inhabited a country or a geographical region at the time when people of different cultures or ethnic origins arrived" (United
Nations, 2011a). It is estimated that there are about 370 million indigenous people around the globe in over 70 different countries. They keep their own
political, social, economic and cultural qualities and also their unique traditions which separate them from other major societies in which they live
(United Nations, 2011a). Nowadays, when tourists interact with indigenous cultures it is seen to be restricted to a master/servant encounter and
sometimes is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He went on to say that tourism is one of the most "labour intensive industries" left to the modern world and that it has a very agreeable multiplier
effect when planned successfully (Manley, 1974). According to the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody: National Report (1991)
the potential for tourism development is strong in certain parts of Australia. In rural areas it is one of a few growth sections for the economy.
However, tourism also brings its quandaries regarding indigenous people, in this case, of aboriginal descent. There are two sides to the coin as at one
side we have one of the very few ways that aboriginal people have in taking positive action in creating income for themselves through tourism, but
tourism can also bring unwanted invasion of peopleвЂџs community spirit and lifestyle and bringing with that little benefit to the people
(Commonwealth of Australia, 1991). 2 6/12/2011 BA (Hons) Tourism Marketing Year 3 Altman & Finlayson (2003) examined how employment as a
form of economic income in the tourism industry (and tourism–related industries) needs people with good communicational attributes and people who
can read and write, as well as embracing different cultures. This idea can be discouraging for some people of indigenous ethnic groups. They went on
to say how these issues aforementioned result in a boundary being set around

The Indigenous Peoples Of Canada
The Indigenous Peoples of Canada as a community were violated in numerous ways including colonization. The prolonged transgression of the
Indigenous Peoples has left them in arguably the worst environmental, educational, social and economic state in the Nation decades after initial contact
(Canadian Population Health Initiative, 2004). As a direct result traditions pertaining to all aspects of Indigenous life were affected, specifically
traditional means of health. In an attempt to figuratively breathe new life into a wounded community, efforts have been made to bring back the ways of
Aboriginal midwifery in Nunavut, QuГ©bec and Ontario. Facilities in said provinces have been established to provide culturally safe care, putting to
use ancestral medicine and qualified First Nation midwives. The current health statistics and feedback received after introducing these types of
facilities have been positive in improving health care for Aboriginal women, and also positively bringing about a sense of cultural revival.
Statistical State of the Nation
Health wise the Indigenous population of Canada have been found to have a much higher rate of major health problems in comparison to the
non–Indigenous populations. Rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, arthritis and hypertension are all higher than non–Aboriginal Canadian rates (
First Nations and Inuit Reginal Health Survey, 1999). The Indigenous population comprised of 4.3% of the population in 2011 but accounted for 12.2%
of

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bioprospecting
Historically there has been prolific scientific interest in the lifestyles, knowledge, cultures, histories and worldviews of indigenous peoples. Rural
communities depend on TK for food, health and agriculture. This TK forms the basic cultural identity for them, contributing to social cohesiveness
and thereby reducing vulnerability and poverty. Globally 80 per cent of the world's populations, mostly the 'undeveloped' regions, still rely on the
indigenous medicinal knowledge of local plants for their medical needs (Shankar 1997). In India, around 70 per cent of the population directly depends
on land based occupations, forests, wetlands and marine habitats for ecological livelihoods and cultural sustenance (Kothari and Patel 2006).
A great part ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the last several centuries staple foods and high value cash crops have been moved from one part of the world to another, keeping pace with shifting
markets and opportunities (The Crucible Group 1994). Even a biodiversity rich country like Brazil has to draw two thirds of its plant based human
calorie intake from species that are found in another continent. Since distribution of the world's biodiversity is in inverse proportion to scientific and
technological wealth (Laird et al. 2002), research institutions and companies based in the developed nations look beyond their borders for diverse and
novel genetic resources for their study and use. Bioprospecting is rooted in the sovereign rights of nation states over their biological resources in a
strong position to negotiate terms for favorable benefit–sharing with interested stakeholders (Dutfield

Stereotypes In Disney Film Pocahontas
Animated films are commonly regarded as innocent and enchanting with little influence on the ideological beliefs that develop in children. Yet it is
evident that this rhetoric is detrimental to the understanding that children are highly susceptible to influences from film and lack necessary skills to
think critically. Thus, animated films instill ideologies within children that follow them throughout their lives. The predominant white narrative within
the Disney film Pocahontas misrepresents Indigenous culture by portraying them as savage, bestial, and primitive caricatures while the falsification of
historical events sets to maintain the archetypical white Anglo–Saxon supremacy, creating hegemonic ideologies that decisively impact how
Indigenous people are viewed negatively within society and internally feel Otherized, causing confusion of personal identity. I will begin by
articulating how films provoke fantasy, fears, and social concerns to garner audiences for profitability. These provocations are rooted in the ideologies
of the dominant culture at the expense of Indigenous peoples. I will then express how the 'Self' (white men) and the 'Other' (Indigenous people) are
segmented within Pocahontas and the effects this has on the relationship of Indigenous people to society. Next, I will discuss how the false
representation of historical events creates cultural hegemony and reinforces categorization of Indigenous people. Lastly, I will demonstrate that the
negative and

Sociology : Sociology Of Indigenous People
Introduction Sociology 214: Sociology of Indigenous people in Canada; has covered the topics of Indigenous and Sociological Paradigms, Colonialism,
Identity, Aboriginal and Treaty Rights, Land Claims and Self–Government and lastly; Education, Economy and Social Conditions of Indigenous
people. Through questions posted in the mandatory discussion forums each week, dialogue was held with other students to express opinions on the
topic of the week while expanding knowledge of Indigenous people in Canada, and ones' own personal opinions. These posts took place each week
after reviewing and digesting the readings and videos in relation to the topic of discussion. This short post will describe how my personal ideas and
opinions have changed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With a greater knowledge about the Indigenous population of Canada, my thoughts have been altered and particular views I now held; earn more from
a place of empathy rather than anger.
Changed Thoughts As I review my posts from the semester I see an initial change in my thoughts and perceptions about Indigenous people in Canada
from a post on May 7, 2015. The topic of discussion was Western and Aboriginal ways of knowing; our knowledge and views of the two. Prior to
reading the material I posted about my personal thoughts; in summary, Western Ways of Knowing were more scientifically based and Aboriginal Ways
of Knowing were more holistic. Once the material for the week had been read, I posted again, here mentioning Dr. Battiste's article, Indigenous
Knowledge: Foundations for First Nations. From this article it is apparent my thoughts changed, noting that society perceives Indigenous ways of
knowing as "old or out of date"; simply proving that society is uneducated about Indigenous culture and teachings. Furthermore, from Dr. Battiste's
article I quoted "Indigenous knowledge is systemic, covering both what can be observed and what can be thought. It compromises the rural and the
urban, the settled and the nomadic, original inhabitants and migrants". This statement solely stood as evidence that I was a part of the population of
Canada unaware of the extensive knowledge behind Indigenous knowledge. It is here in the initial

The Potential For Misunderstanding Procedures
1.Discuss the potential for misunderstanding procedures by those participating in research processes (e.g. non–Indigenous researcher and Indigenous
Participants).
Indigenous peoples are utilising corroborated rights to protect inherent cultural identities. Emancipating Australian Indigenous voices to the forefront, is
cultivating respect and recognition of Indigenous realities, with support from the leading Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Studies (AIATSIS). However, there is great potential for collective principles to be misunderstood when extrapolating research. Misapprehension can
be avoided if research is respectful towards Indigenous people's rights of self–determination. By respectfully complying with the fourteen principle
guidelines for ethical research in Australia, intangible heritage is recognised and shared. (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Studies, 2012, p. 3). By ensuring that all projects are conducted in accordance with these principles, researchers can actively contribute to Indigenous
people's body of traditional knowledge and maintain relationships with a greater understanding of cultural practices (Australian Institute of Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 2012, p. 5).
Contents of the fourteen principles suggests, that from not having structured guidelines in place, Indigenous customs were not safeguarded from
unsolicited publication, and distribution of disrespectful,

Relationship Between Police And The Indigenous Community
Consider what Blagg (2008) and Cunneen (2007) have said about the relationship between Aboriginal communities and the police. What are the major
sources of concern, in relation to Aboriginal over–representation in the criminal justice system and what efforts have been made to reduce this
over–representation?
There is a major negative hole in the relationship between police and the indigenous community; Blagg and Cunneen both convey key relevant
statistics that, display relative evidence of a negative relationship between the two groups. Both authors also state past strategies that have been used to
identify these issues and work to heal the relationship. The authors also state present strategies that are being used and ideas that could help mend the
relationship that has been torn apart between the two groups.
Cunneens (2007) articles showed relative statistics, showing the negative effects of the relationship between the two groups, whether it is one groups
wrong doing or not, the evidence shows that there is an issue that needs urgent attention and resolving. "Indigenous people were 17 times more likely to
be held in custody than non–Indigenous people in Australia" this raw fact can be looked at from two different perspectives; number one the indigenous
community are victimised by the police, or two a major percentage of the indigenous community are being involved in crime. Considering the
indigenous population compared to the non indigenous community is so small, it does

Knowledge And Traditional Knowledge
1. Introduction
Traditional knowledge
The terms traditional knowledge (TK) also known as indigenous knowledge (IK), and local knowledge generally refers to knowledge systems
embedded in the regional traditions, indigenous cultures, or local communities.
Traditional knowledge includes knowledge about medicines, technology, weather/climate as well as agricultural practices. This knowledge has been
orally passed for generations from person to person. Some forms of traditional knowledge find expression in folktales, legends, folklore, rituals, songs,
and even in community laws.
Traditional knowledge (TK) is knowledge, know–how, skills and practices that are developed, sustained and passed on from generation to generation
within a community, often forming part of its cultural or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many cases traditional knowledge has been orally passed for generations from one person to another person. This knowledge is unique to a given
culture or society(Handbook of Research on Theoretical Perspectives on Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Developing Countries)
In general, traditional knowledge adopt a more holistic approach, and do not separate observations into different disciplines as does Western science
(Iaccarino, 2003). Moreover, traditional knowledge systems do not interpret reality on the basis of a direct cause and effect, but rather as a world
made up of complex web of interactions (Freeman, 1992). The problem is how to study and analyze traditional knowledge and belief systems.
It is not possible to simply reduce TK to practical knowledge that is exclusively based on experience as opposed to theoretical knowledge, which is
developed through deductive or inductive reasoning. Some of these TK are based on their religion and even based on super natural incidents as well.
These quantities may not be able to measure or compare or even these may not tangible

A Major Platform Of The Indigenismo Movement
A major platform of the indigenismo movement was anticlericalism. There are three major positions generally taken when speaking about indigenismo
and religion. First is that of the literary critic. Religion in the works of Lopez y Fuentes and Magdaleno is symbolic of power struggle. Authors sought
to influence the emotions of the public by painting priests as villains. The modern historian takes a second position, claiming that the Church held too
much power over the indigenous peoples. It was an obstacle to modernization efforts and therefore had to be removed. A third stance focuses on the
religious terminology of national projects. Policy makers rejected the Catholic institution, but not religious ideologies. All three positions are ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, Joseph Sommers notes that the characters in the works of both Lopez y Fuentes and Magdaleno are overly simplified to stress the
dichotomy between the poor and privileged. Authors greatly restrict the actions of the Indigenous community within the novel. In "Literatura e
Historia: Las Contradicciones Ideologic as de la Ficcion Indigenista," like Barry, Sommers focuses heavily on the stereotypical immorality and greed of
the religious institutions in the Indigenista novel. He argues that indigenista writers played on the exploitation of the Indian at the hands of the Church
so to manipulate the reader's emotions. As mentioned in the articles of Mate, Barry, Sommers, and again in Boyd Carter's "The Mexican Novel at
Mid–Century," Lopez y Fuentes portrays the Church as having orphaned the Indians in their time of need. This left the Indians with a feeling of
hopelessness, as, according to Boyd, they only had heaven to look forward to. Abandonment of the Church left the Indian population feeling lost
without direction. In essence, the Church took away their ability to hope for a better tomorrow.
Indigenistas used the idea of an oppressive Church system, claim modern scholars, as a ploy to push forward their own agenda. Indigenistas rejected
religion, not necessarily because the Church was cruel or corrupt in its practices,

Eve Tuck And Yang Summary

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Catherine Coleman

More from Catherine Coleman (18)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Eve Tuck And Yang Summary