European Military Integration Of The United States

European Military Integration Of The United States
Taylor Land DIP600 – "Europe" 10–21–14 Analytical Paper European Military Integration For 65
years, Europe has had its military policy tied to that of the United States through the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO). During much of this period European and U.S. security interests were
aligned against a common threat in the USSR. However, the era following the collapse of the Soviet
Union has been marked by a European shift away from national sovereignty and towards a more
integrated Europe. This can be most notably observed by the adoption of a common currency in the
18 member states of the Eurozone. Interestingly, this level of integration has not been present with
regards to the military forces of Europe despite considerable ... Show more content on
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Protectionism is a natural reaction to foreign competition and the EU member states have been no
exception. Article 296 of the EC Treaty offers an exemption from internal market regulations when
their application would undermine member states' security. Predictably, members have employed a
loose interpretation of Article 296 in order to avoid an open market for defense contracts. They
generally prefer to procure military equipment domestically to support their defense industry. The
creation of an integrated "European Military" along with a single market for defense could alleviate
these shortcomings. The amalgamation of Europe's militaries into one unified entity would
necessitate military equipment standards to support cohesion. A truly connected military, designed to
serve the whole of Europe, would more effectively provide global influence, just as integration has
provided Europe more influence in the economic sphere. Additionally, a single market for defense
products would promote competition and specialization, helping the European defense sector
become more competitive in the global market as well. The adoption of a single market is likely to
produce "winners" and "losers" as the states with the least competitive firms may struggle, but the
net economic effect for Europe should be positive. Strategic Independence from the United States
The
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George Henrring Chapter Summary
George C. Henrring did a great job organazing this book first of all he made a chronological book
this means starting with the earliest and following the next one in order that they occurred. Each
chapter is representig a period of years the fisrt chapter is starting from 1776 the year our
independence all the way to 1788 through this chapter we are only going to see three countries we
know that U.S. is going to be one the other two would be Britain as you know the they were the
number one power back then they had the best military and the were also a wealthy country and the
other country was France the second world power lets start with the basic the thirteen colonies found
difficult to unified with a foreign policy to work something out for example a treaties, but the
Articles of Confederation limited the power of the national government for this reason no treaties.
But first the 13 colonies were dificult ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then Herrings continue with a second chapter from 1789 – 1801 a short period but it was titled
"None who can make us afraid" but some of the most importance during this period was about the
Barbarian Parates most of these pirates were from North Africa states as Algiers, Morocco, and
Tripoli and Tunis they were demanding tribute, plundering ships even ensalving foreign salilors, but
where would we stand here as a British Colony we had protection, but after the revolution war we
were in our own so now it was more easily to get attacked by pirates so first the U.S. decided to paid
the pirates monthly for them not to attacked, so when we were by our selves we could not make no
economy we were just surving by trading so we had to make as deal we had to work with Foreign

A Neanderthal Presence In Italy
Excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Paleolithic period,
some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. The Ancient peoples of
pre–Roman Italy – such as the Umbrians, the Latins (from which the Romans emerged), Volsci,
Samnites, the Celts and the Ligures which inhabited northern Italy, and many others – were Indo–
European peoples; the main historic peoples of non–Indo–European heritage include the Etruscans,
the Elymians and Sicani in Sicily and the prehistoric Sardinians. Between the 17th and the 11th
centuries BC Mycenaean Greeks established contacts with Italy and in the 8th and 7th centuries BC
Greek colonies were established all along the coast of Sicily and the southern ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The government of the new kingdom took place in a framework of parliamentary constitutional
monarchy dominated by liberal forces. In 1913, male universal suffrage was adopted. As Northern
Italy quickly industrialised, the South and rural areas of North remained underdeveloped and
overpopulated, forcing millions of people to migrate abroad, while the Italian Socialist Party
constantly increased in strength, challenging the traditional liberal and conservative establishment.
Starting from the last two decades of the 19th century, Italy developed into a colonial power by
forcing Somalia, Eritrea and later Libya and the Dodecanese under its

Oxford Summer Program Analysis
William Duquette – Oxford Advanced Studies Program Application
Attending the Oxford summer program would reconnect me with the country of my birth, England.
When I was a baby, my family moved from England to the United States, where I live now. Since I
moved to Illinois, my family and I have traveled to many locations around the globe including Peru,
Australia, Japan, India, the Galapagos Islands, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Botswana. My most
memorable trips were Japan and India, but for different reasons. When I traveled to Japan I learned
about an entirely new culture and taste many new foods. Our visit to the Hiroshima Peace Memorial
Museum was both disturbing and moving. My trip to India was memorable because it allowed me to
experience international healthcare. In India, I was diagnosed with viral meningitis and spent eight
days in an Indian hospital, which gave me a rare opportunity to experience first–hand what less–
advanced healthcare was like. I have gained an expansive view of the international community
through my travels. International travel has introduced me to multiple perspectives on life outside
the United States.
Last summer I studied ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Notably, at Oxford I can study with international faculty and students. This environment is ideal to
learn about international issues and topics, which makes the Oxford summer program unique.
Professors from the United Kingdom and abroad bring knowledge to the summer program, which
allows for interesting and insightful class time. The classes that I wish to take are not offered at my
high school: Empires and Revolutions, Politics & International Relations and Introduction to
English & European Law. The Oxford program will afford me a unique learning experience through
the coursework and the multiple field trips that are offered, such as the excursions to London, the
Bodleian Library, and the Ashmolean

NAFTA: A Case Study
The purpose of this assignment is to explain trade relations between countries and the importance of
treaties. No nation is self–sufficient in all sectors that can meet all needs of the population and at the
same time provide economic development. Types of trades between countries can be natural
resources, food, energy sources, technology, wood, etc.
To facilitate these relations between nations, the globalized economies require a dynamization of
trade and social relations, intensifying the flow of goods and services. A number of international
agreements were created for this purpose. These groups discuss measures to reduce and / or
eliminate tariffs, promoting the expansion of trade relations between member countries.
There are also international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This agreement was created in 1994, its goal is to establish a stronger trade relationship between
them. The US goal was to build a bloc to compete more equally with European and Asian markets
(InvestingAnswers, 2018)
Objectives of NAFTA – Eliminate customs barriers – taxes on imports of goods and merchandise.
Facilitate the transit of goods and services between the territories of the countries participating in the
agreement. Promote conditions for a balanced competition environment within the NAFTA area.
Expand investment opportunities within countries and between countries participating in the
agreement.
Provide effective and adequate protection and guarantee intellectual property rights in the territory
of member countries – this objective applies to scientific and especially cultural production.
(Amadeo, 2018)
The agreement does not provide for the free movement of persons by the member countries of the
bloc. Immigration of Mexicans to the United States remains under control and with restrictions
similar to those existing before the creation of the economic

The World Of World War II Essay
World War II resulted in the deaths of over three percent of the 1939 population and saw
unprecedented economic damage. Similar to World War I, there was strong European sentiment to
prevent such a war from unfolding again, particularly due to the newfound fear associated with
nuclear weapons and the extensive civilian toll the war caused. The chief problem with creating
benevolent relations between nations was reconciling France and Germany. To ensure Germany
could never threaten Europe again, Europe instituted the Monnet Plan, which dismantled German
heavy industry and stripped Germany of its coal–producing regions. Germany was also divided into
West Germany, which was controlled by Western Europe/NATO and East Germany, which was
controlled by the Soviet Union.
As sentiments like Winston Churchill's 1946 call for United States of Europe became louder, the
Council of Europe was established in 1949 as the first pan–European organization. French Foreign
Minister, Robert Schuman, on May 9, 1950, proposed the Schuman Declaration, which created a
community to integrate the coal and steel industries of Europe in an effort to promote international
cooperation and understanding. He chose the coal and steel industries due to their necessity in the
production of weaponry. France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and West Germany
signed the Treaty of Paris, creating the European Coal and Steel Community, giving birth to
cooperative agencies like the Common Assembly. The

War of 1812 Causes
Ever since the American Revolution, there was a bitter friction between the United States and Great
Britain. This detestation of each other was finally acted out when President Madison declared war
on Great Britain on June 14, 1812, thus beginning the War of 1812. The Unites States was tired of
getting harassed on the seas, had a strong will to expand, and felt too much pride to let Great Britain
get away with everything they had done. Three causes of the War of 1812 were maritime problems,
Manifest Destiny, and national pride. One of the three main causes of the War of 1812 was maritime
problems between the United States and Great Britain. The seeds of these maritime problems were
planted nine years before the War of 1812 even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Madison became President, he passed the Macon Bill. The bill stated that if either France or
Great Britain stopped violating American commercial rights, we would suspend commerce with the
other nation. France agreed, but Napoleon crossed Madison. Napoleon continued to seize American
ships, but by the time word reached America, it was four months later and much damage was
already done to American ships. Also, in the West in the British were encouraging the Indians to
engage in warfare with the Americans. They provided them with arms and ammunition. As
Americans we were tired of being hassled by other nations and was shown by Congressman John C.
Calhoun when he said, "Protection and patriotism are reciprocal. The British persist in such daring
insult and injury to the United States, it will be bound in honor and interest to resist." (Doc. 2)
Declaring war was a way of showing other nations that America was not going to be insulted any
more and accept it. Following the War of 1812, which could easily be called a stalemate, harassment
of American ships by decreased. No land was lost or gained by America as a direct result of the war.
However, America gained more land out west and continued using the theory of Manifest Destiny.
Also, America got some more recognition and respect from

Wwii-German Alliance Research Paper
Following the brutality of the First World War, China was a divided nation. After almost a century of
exploitative and unequal treaties, the rise of warlords, and various attempts to seize political control,
China was split in two; the Beiyang government ruled from Peking while Sun Yat–sen, the first
president of China, consolidated his power in the South. On May 4, 1919, outraged students
descended on Tiananmen to protest the concession of territory in Shandong Province to the
Japanese. German forces during the war had been defeated at the Battle of Tsingtao which allowed
the Japanese to take control of the disputed area. News of the student protests spread, inciting
similar incidents around the Middle Kingdom. Taking on the moniker of the ... Show more content
Still, there was considerable interest in Berlin to sign the document that it had been left out of only a
short time earlier. Chinese officials did not view the Germans as an imperialistic threat, on the
contrary, Chinese leaders had been greatly honored on the international stage when the two sides
agreed to the Sino–German Pact in May of 1920, reestablishing relations between the two countries.
Coupled with the Germans loss of territory, there was little holding back their relationship from
moving forward, away from the dominance imposed by other Western nations. When Americans
offered Germany a chance to sign the treaty, German officials were moved to act. It was an
opportunity to protect trade interests and maintain their active policy of developing Chinese
economic and political unity. To their surprise, Chinese diplomats warned that if Germany were to
join the other imperialists there would be irreconcilable consequences for merchants trading in
China and for future relations between the two powers. Both the Americans and the Germans were
stunned. After much consideration and pressure from Chinese and Russian sources, officials in the
Reichstag backed away from the offered made by the United States. China had avoided what it
deemed as political slavery and, in turn, Germany was to reap the benefits. A short time later, a new
treaty with the KMT government in Nanking was secured giving most–favored–nation status for
German goods, thus beginning a new era of closer economic ties between the two

Berlin 's Crisis Of The Cold War
At the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied
Germany. Also divided into occupation zones, Berlin was located far inside Soviet–controlled
eastern Germany. The United States, United Kingdom, and France controlled western portions of the
city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector. As the wartime alliance between the Western
Allies and the Soviet Union ended and friendly relations turned hostile, the question of whether the
western occupation zones in Berlin would remain under Western Allied control or whether the city
would be absorbed into Soviet–controlled eastern Germany led to the first Berlin crisis of the Cold
War. The crisis started on June 24, 1948, when Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access
to Allied–controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting
food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany. The crisis ended on May 12, 1949,
when Soviet forces lifted the blockade on land access to western Berlin.
U.S. Navy and Air Force aircrafts unload at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin Airlift. (U.S. Air
Force)
U.S. Navy and Air Force aircrafts unload at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin Airlift. (U.S. Air
Force) The crisis was a result of competing occupation policies and rising tensions between Western
powers and the Soviet Union. After the end of the Second World War, the future of postwar
Germany was plagued by the divisions

Mexican-American War Dbq
The southern desire to expand slavery was a major cause of the Mexican–American War, but there
were other causes as well. The war started on April 25, 1846, and ended on February 2, 1848, with
the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In that treaty, Mexico ceded Texas with the Rio
Grande boundary, New Mexico, and California to the United States. The desire to expand slavery in
the south was perhaps the largest cause of the Mexican–American War, because southerners were in
favor of Manifest Destiny and believed that the expansion of slavery was necessary to keep the slave
trade alive in the U.S. Internal political conflicts were another cause of the Mexican–American War.
Also, the fear that Texas could be claimed by Britain or France or that it would be uncontrollable if
independent was another cause of the war. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Senator James Buchanan's Letter to Edward D. Gazzam, 1844, (Document D) he said that Texas
should remain independent but pointed out that, "But suppose that this cannot be, and that it should
be satisfactorily established that we must either admit it or see it pass under the dominion of Great
Britain; –what ought then to be done?" Some Americans feared that Britain would try to take over
Texas if America did not. Briton William Kennedy pointed out in his diplomatic communications to
Lord Aberdeen, 1844, (Document F) that war with Mexico would, "Produce an embarrassment of
affairs, and would leave warm work and divided laurels for [Tyler's] successor." John O'Sullivan's
article in Democratic Review, 1845, (Document G) said that other nations have taken actions to stop
the expansion of the United States, "This we have seen done by England, our old rival and enemy;
and by France, strangely coupled with her against us." Foreign relations worries were another cause
of the war with Mexico, along with the desire to expand slavery and internal political

America 's Responsibility For Global Tensions With The...
Preface The following work will attempt to draw conclusions on the United States of America's
responsibility for global tensions with the United Soviet Socialist Republics, during the 20th
century, using war data. This piece will attempt to discover patterns and make observational
conclusions on American foreign policy through direct war data. The Correlates of War Project will
serve as the source for the majority of data on American wars and American military involvement.
However, the Correlates of War Project (C.O.W. Project), only provides data on American military
action after 1816. But, many armed conflicts preceding 1816, played a crucial role in shaping
American foreign policy and identity. Yet, historians and scholars disagree on ... Show more content
Project will be documented and observed, such as the Las Cuevas War or the Korean Affair of 1871.
Lastly, some separate conflicts within the C.O.W. will be combined which represent a near–identical
foreign policy. Particularly, all Native American conflicts will be combined and all wars in the
Caribbean region following the Spanish–American War, which share the same purpose, will be
referred to as the "Banana Wars". However, distinctly important Native American wars will be
mentioned, as well as Native American wars with significant foreign involvement. American armed
conflicts have been divided into three periods for organizational purposes. Therefore, the following
writing will attempt to observe American responsibility for the Cold War using war information,
data, and patterns. The first major period of American foreign policy began in 1756, with the
outbreak of the French and Indian war, and ends with the start of the Mexican–American war in
1846. This period has been chosen because it constitutes the formation of the American nation and
identity. Many military actions and wars helped shape American identity prior to independence.
However, the French and Indian War was the only major war in the American region before the
Revolutionary War. The French and Indian War essentially comprised the global Seven Years War
within the North American theater. In Europe war began in 1754, Great Britain, Prussia, and regions
of the Holy Roman Empire fought against

There Will Come Soft Rains Essay
There Will Come Soft Rains In "There Will Come Soft Rains" they got nuked but what countries
would nuke the United States or any other country? Russia would be the one to nuke the United
States. The Relations between Russia ,America, France and the United Kingdom have taken a turn.
Russia, Ukraine and Syria are rivals with nuclear weapons that could send us back to the cold war
era. Russia seems to be the main Country that could end the world due to them having the largest
arsenal in the world. Russia has a whopping 7,300 warheads in their arsenal and they are continually
adding to it. The United states has only 6,970 warheads which is less than Russia but there are still
other countries with warheads that could still Nuke Russia.

Absolute Ruler Essay
.Issiah Jackson
1–17–13
Absolute Rulers Essay
Hon World History
Louis XIV, Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu all considered their own power and strengthened
their states in many different ways but their actions were all similar. They united their states,
introduced reforms and assessed their power and the effect that they could have on others. Although
their techniques were different, the ways these monarchs ruled their states show great similarities.
Unity is one of the many things that make the reigns of all of these monarchs so similar. For
example Louis XIV continued the work of his predecessors to create a centralized state governed
from the capital in order to sweep away the fragments of feudalism which had ... Show more content
This is something all of these monarchs believed because all of them took the time to consider how
powerful they were and it's one of the many reasons why they were as successful as they were.
Louis XIV as King of France was basically the most powerful person in Europe as France was the
most powerful nation. Although he saw himself as the most powerful person in France, Louis XIV
took into account the way that the nobles and others might rebel and limited their power
accordingly. Had he not done this he might not have ruled for as long as he did. Peter the Great also
considered himself an extremely powerful man. Due to this he disguised himself as a regular person
so that he could mingle with the regular people. Him taking the time to consider how powerful he
was he might not have learned all of the things he did while in disguise and would not have been
such a great ruler. Tokugawa Ieyasu considered himself to be extremely powerful but still realized
that he wasn't powerful to the point where the daimyo would not eventually rebel so he invented
ways to make sure that the daimyo were completely loyal and obedient. If he had considered all
possibilities Japan might not have been as peaceful as it was for as long as it was. Louis XIV, Peter
the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu all ruled their respective kingdoms differently. Despite this, they all
ruled similarly and this is one of the reasons why they were so successful in their reigns. They
united

Essay On Us Foreign Relations
The United States is an amazing land of opportunity, open to most anyone of any nationality. This
land has shone a beacon of freedom since 1776 when it declared its sovereignty from Great Britain
and the fight for its freedom. The United States has since then taken a vital part in much of the many
international affairs that occur around the globe. Some of it being conducive to its continued
sovereignty and expansion and its fight to be the most powerful country in the free world, and some
of it to help our allies in ways that they cannot always help themselves. In today's world, the United
States has a major presence on almost every continent, but this was not always the case throughout
its history. When looking at the history of United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While this is one example of foreign relations in the history of the United States, there are many
others, such as the Revolutionary War, where the United States got its beginning, the War of 1812,
where the United States had to once again defend itself from Great Britain in a great victory,
America's involvement in the island nation of Hawaii, which had an interesting outcome, and the
Spanish–American war, which had many repercussions, some being good and some being bad.
The best place to start with foreign relations of the United States is in the Revolutionary War when
the United States fought Great Britain for their independence. This war began on April 19, 1775, and
ended on September 3, 1783, with a surprising victory for the Americans. The war was caused by
growing political changes between the Americans and the British. The British were continually
taxing the American people while simultaneously giving them no say in the matter. This is where the
famous phrase "No taxation without representation" comes from. It was not long after this point
when the Americans decided to finally fight for their independence from the British and not only
fight for better representation in their government. This is arguably the first time the United States as
a sovereign nation had any sort of foreign relations with a nation that was not

A Brief Note On The World War I
The World War I which is commonly known as the First World War took place in the between 28
July 1914 and the 11 November 1918 was a global concern that had started in
Europe. During this historic war, approximately 70 million military manpower with 60 million being
Europeans were deployed. approximately 9 million combatants, as well as 7 million civilians,
perished during the skirmishes, the casualty rate worsened by the aggressive technological as well as
industrial sophistication and the tactical standoff that were caused by severe trench warfare
(Berghahn 122–124). The World War I was one of the worst conflicts in the history, and it resulted
in significant political changes which included revolutions in most of the countries that took ...
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This resulted to diplomatic crisis when Austria–Hungary gave an ultimatum to the Kingdom of
Serbia, and entangled international alliance created in past decades were invoked (Connor 258–260).
In a span of weeks, the major influential nations went into war, and the hostility soon spread all over
the world. On 28 July, the Austria–Hungarians declared war on Serbia. Immediately Russia
deployed combatants to support Serbia, German, on the other hand, attacked Belgium as well as
Luxembourg before proceeding to France. This resulted to the United Kingdom declaring war on
Germany. Later, a German march was halted which was then known as the Western Front, a battle of
attrition was settled with a trench line that remained unchanged until 1971.
However, on the Eastern Front, the Russian military had successfully suppressed Austria–
Hungarians and Germany stopped its incursion of East Prussia (Dowling). On November 1914, the
Ottoman Empire started supporting the Central Powers hence opening the fronts in
Mesopotamia, the Caucasus as well as the Sinai. Italy joined the Allies in 1915 while Bulgaria opted
to support the Central Powers; In 1916 Romania collaborated with the Allies and later in
1917 the United States acceded to the Allies.
The security dilemma which is also referred to as the spiral model is a term applied in international
relations. It refers to a condition whereby a state takes actions with the intention of

Comparing Interstates And Intrastate Conflicts During The...
Take Home Essay
In this essay, we will explain how the levels of analysis allow us to discern and contrast interstates
and intrastate conflicts during the Cold War and after it. In international relations and political
sciences, three levels of generalization exist to help us to understand the world and its complex
problems. The first one, the individual–level, consists in focusing on people on the world stage: it
means that individual–level analysis involves understanding how human make decisions and leads
to policy. The second one is the state level analysis. Also called domestic level, it suggests an
approach to understand world politic by emphasizing the national states as the primary determinant
of the course of world affair. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regarding the intrastate side, we note that during the Cold War, the World was bipolar. Indeed, there
were two superpowers: the United States in one side and the Soviet Union in the other side. Because
these two countries had different ideological battles, it is possible to say that during an intrastate
power, they both helped and subsidize different populations. To illustrate this, we can take the
example of the Vietnam War. This war is a fight of political system. In others words, before World
War II, Vietnam was a French colony and at the end of this war, Japanese give back to France South
Vietnam while the north was left in the hands of the non–communist Chinese. However, because the
French announced their intention of reclaiming the north, it leaded to a war between the south and
the north. Later, France accepts to give the independence to the north only if they accepted the
condition to ask the permission of French before to do anything. East European countries, which are
communist, did not accept that. Consequently, we can talk about a proxy war because to support the
Communist cause, the Soviet Union armed its fellow Communist state as China even if the North
Vietnam was not communist, who would, in turn, arm and equip the North Vietnamese who fought
the Americans that put up with the French and the democracy. In a general way, during intrastate
wars, I believe that the level of

As The Advent Of The Eighteenth Century Had Came Into...
As the advent of the eighteenth century had came into reality, profound developments in the realm
of the arts began to take hold. Romanticism, as the era was known, shifted the focus from rational
viewpoints to a feel of expressing "...freedom and revolution in their art and politics" (Poets). In
effect, individuality began to take root in writing, an ideal not employed during the reign of
Classicalism. William Wordsworth, one of the numerous promulgators of this era, had set the stage,
writing over the complexity and nature of the world around him. One the most notable poems of
Wordsworth are "London, 1802", which describes the decadence of Great Britain from his point of
view, with notable focuses on its meaning and structure; Wordsworth ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As a matter of personal opinion, this poem seems peculiar with its prophetic undertones. To explain,
a social divide like the one that is depicted by Wordsworth has been taking place in the United
Kingdom. "Brexit", a referendum to leave the European Union that passed during the summer of
2016, mimics the nationalistic fervor that is exhibited in the poem, especially in phrasing such as
"...raise us up, return to us again..." (Meyer 703). In addition, one can infer that since older
generations of voters swayed the decision, they too have a longing for a revived golden age, much
like the plea that Wordsworth has towards the likes of John Milton, who was before Wordsworth
time. Of course, this notable poem could not only be directed to the United Kingdom, but across the
world as well. Across the many systems of governments, an ideological shift towards the right on
the political spectrum has offered growth in terms of their own nation being the first of concern, and
the rest of the world second. Such a shift tries to revive the golden age that Wordsworth has longed
desired. In essence, the poem exhibits a striking resemblance to the world's current ideological shift.
William Wordsworth, living from 1770–1850, was renowned in his establishment of Romanticism,
with most of his works being shaped by his experiences. Having commenced his education at
Hawkshead Grammar School in 1779, he found his love for poetry while discovering how to express
his delight

The War Of 1812 Pitted Two Western Powers
The War of 1812 pitted two western powers against one another, the newly established United States
of America and the ancient United Kingdom. Battles raged on for roughly two and a half years,
resulting in what many agree ended in a tie. What many disagree with is how the war came to
fruition. The two research papers within Retrieving the American Past seek to connect the dots.
Firstly, Reginald Horsman cites many concrete reasons behind the warfare: British impressment,
calling back the return of American soldiers deemed responsible to serve in the Royal Navy, upon
the American army, meddling with maritime trade between the States and European nations (notable
France), and inciting or taking part in Indian attacks against the colonies. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although both papers contain the truth, Horsman's comes much closer to explaining the reasons
behind the War of 1812. McCoy speaks through the eyes of the Jeffersonian community, not the
entire American population. Due to its smaller scope of the relevancy, Mccoy's paper is less
effective than Horsman's. Drew McCoy's paper includes much more depth into the Jeffersonian
mindset. The American economy depended largely on the exportation of farm–grown items. Clearly,
access to foreign markets is a must for success. These markets were made inaccessible by the
presence of British ships scattered about the passageways to France and other European countries.
Jeffersonians, peaceful by definition, suggested a lengthy embargo. This holdout would put pressure
on Americans to manufacture within their country, thus building a feeling of unity. However, the
embargo lasted for a little longer than a year and a half, yielding no positive results for America.
Jefferson himself was attacked and accused of resisting commercialism. It was soon decided that
foreign commerce was best for the country's economic welfare. As McCoy states, the Jeffersonians
were presented with two options: "... accept the failure of peaceable coercion to remove restrictions
on American commerce and submit to the British orders–in–council, or they could attempt, through
military means, a forcible assertion of America's right to an independent and unrestricted access to

The Entente Cordiale, Signed 1904
The Entente Cordiale, signed 1904, was a series of agreements that changed Anglo–Franco relations
entirely. For one thousand years beforehand, the English and the French had many disagreements,
wars, and conflicts that created a lot of tension between the two nations. But forty years after the
Entente established a friendship between the two countries, England and France fought two major
wars as very close allies.
The main reason that the Entente Cordiale was signed in the first place was that England and France
were having conflicts over land in Africa. Yet the agreement was so monumental in nature that it
completely changed Anglo–Franco relations for over one hundred years to come. It caused the two
countries that had previously hated each other to fight on the same side of two wars and cheer each
other on. It changed public opinion and foreign policy between the two nations. However, the actual
origins as to why the British would engage in negotiations with a country that they've hated for
centuries seem uncertain. Germany is starting to mobilize, is threatening Britain with its rapidly
growing and modernizing navy, and is industrializing at an alarming rate. At the same time, France
is becoming more prominent in Africa and the Mediterranean, not to mention a powerful alliance
with Russia in addition. With these facts in mind, what was the strategic upside to England signing
the Entente with an old enemy? Was it to defend themselves from the growing military threat of

The Comparative Welfare Entitlement Dataset (CWED)
Social Welfare
What is social welfare? One definition classifies it as providing "assistance to needy individuals and
families." Further explaining that "the types and amount of welfare available to individuals and
families vary depending on the country, state or region" (Investopedia). At its most basic level, this
is in fact true. However, when looking closely at the many social welfare programs offered within
different countries, it is soon clear that social welfare is much more complex than one may think.
The Comparative Welfare Entitlement Dataset (CWED) explores the complexities of social welfare
benefits within 33 countries across the globe, focusing on their generosity levels. Of particular
inquiry are the three main social welfare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specific countries with strong sickness generosity index numbers, directly corresponded to the
countries that have a national healthcare system, such as Norway, Sweden, Germany, and France, as
found in the Graph 2 (page 6). Even the countries with lower generosity scores, such as Spain, the
United Kingdom, and Australia, all have national health care systems and are thus vastly higher than
the United States' score of zero. From the years 2006–2010, the United States has earned a zero in
the sickness coverage generosity index due to this lack of national health care, which is rather an
abysmal score when comparing to other highly developed nations. During this time, the United
States only provided Medicare and Medicaid programs, which only help the elderly and extremely
poor, but not the average American citizen. Such a targeted range of benefits proves to show just
how outdated and underdeveloped the United States is in their healthcare programs in relation to
other countries. However, with the implementation of Obama's Affordable Care Act, these scores
may lead to an interesting change in years to come. Though the United States is far from having a
national healthcare system similar to those found abroad, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act are proving to help transform hospitals and primary care physicians

Vienna Settlement
1
Fourth History Test: How far did the Vienna Settlement contribute to maintaining the peace in
Europe in the period 1815–1914? The Vienna Settlement refers to a series of agreements made by
the European powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. As the peace terms with France had already
been decided by the Treaty of Paris (signed earlier on May 30, 1814), the Congress of Vienna was
mainly concerned with solving the problems brought about by the Napoleonic wars. To solve these
problems, the four European powers reached certain agreements at the Congress of Vienna on June
9, 1815. These settlements, consisting of both territorial and political ones, were commonly known
as the Vienna Settlement. There were many factors contributing to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The powers called four meetings in the name of
1
2
the Quadruple Alliance during 1818–22. Among these meetings, the Congress of Aix–la–Chapelle
contributed to peace. At this congress, the powers agreed to withdraw the army of occupation from
France and to admit France into the Quadruple Alliance. The former agreement removed French
hostility against the powers; while the latter showed that the Quadruple Alliance was not directed
against France. Both improved France's relations with other powers, and France was longer a threat
to peace. In these ways, the Congress System helped to keep peace. According to the analysis above,
there were at least two factors which helped to keep the peace of Europe in the period 1815–1914
––– the Vienna Settlement and the Congress System. Undoubtedly, the parts of the settlements made
at Vienna in 1815 relating to encircle France with stronger buffer states and to build a balance of
power in Europe contributed to peace. On the other hand, the Congress System also gave peace to
Europe by removing any excuse from France to start a war of revenge on her former enemies.
Which one between these two was a more important one? As the Vienna Settlement not only
stopped France from future aggression, but it also provided Europe with a more sustainable peace by
creating an effective balance of power in Europe. In other words, the Vienna Settlement removed
two possible threats to peace –––

John Tyler's Annexation In The United States
While the United States was unwilling to sign a treaty aligning itself politically with France or
Britain, it did maintain the "Tyler Doctrine." As President of the United States, John Tyler issued the
doctrine in order to recognize Hawaii's sovereignty. Reaffirmed in 1849 by President Zachary
Taylor, he stated that "the islands may maintain their independence and that other nations should
concur with this sentiment." This Doctrine maintained, officially, that the United States recognized
the Hawaiian Islands as an independent nation, and extended full and complete diplomatic
recognition. Unfortunately for the Kingdom of Hawaii, the U.S. was unable to maintained
involvement within the Island's government and society. Multiple treaties would ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lacking a successor, the Hawaiian Kingdom determined its next ruler through an electoral process.
On January 8, 1873 David Kalakaua unanimously elected, as the next ruled of the Islands. With the
election of the new king, the values shifted once again with his welcoming of western influence. As
his predecessor did, Kalakaua once again petitioned the United Stated for a treaty of reciprocity, in
an attempt to end the depression devastating the Islands. In telltale fashion, the United States while
agreeing to a treaty, added the benefit of a fifty year lease of Pearl Harbor for the Untied States.
Despite this treaty, the "Missionary Boys" still maintained they lacked proper representation in
Hawaiian. After meeting with President Ulysses S. Grant, who was unwilling to engage in military
action with the Islands, informed the organization member that unless an annexation was requested
by the Hawaiian monarchy, the people would have to be convinced overthrow the reigning
government and establish one willing to request the desired annexation. It would be these words
which made way for the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in

Comparison Between Uk And French Degree
Comparison between UK and French Degree
Name
Professor
Institution
Course
Date
Introduction
It is of certain that across Europe young people are calculating between joining degree courses and
other activities. In the European region, attainment of university degrees does not mean direct
employment for graduates. Graduates in the European region may consider paying over 9000
pounds. With unemployment levels across Europe on a dramatic decrease over the last decades
means that the entry level for graduate has been on a decrease (Reay, David & Ball, 2005). Across
the region, many students will be way up their studies before they realize that their degrees will not
give them a comparative advantage.
Moreover, investing in degrees in some countries is a risky investment. In countries such as Italy
and France, degree certificates are often tarnished. With such eventualities, students in such
countries would rather not invest in education. In France, the entry level for students in first year
degree programs is 48%. Of this number, 38% proceed to complete the programs (Arias Ortiz &
Dehon, 2013). Therefore, in order for students to remain relevant in the European and the global
market various strategies are employed. Students improve the strength of their degree credential by
joining masters as well as postgraduate programs.
Current state of programs
In relation to statistics on the United Kingdom, degree programs are considerable popular
investments.

Compare And Contrast The French And American Revolution
Powerful countries are able to leave a mark in history by escaping their rulers and establishing
themselves as their own country; while being represented by a king or a leader who they are proud
to be represented by. During the late 18th century, America a country ruled by The United Kingdom,
had no control of the thirteen colonies. With the British having a very strict authority over the
Americans, this made them rebel and feel deserving of freedom, establishment of their own people,
and that taxes shouldn't go to The United Kingdom. This only lead to an uproar of citizen fighting
against the British "Lobsterbacks" and with the support of the French, America gained its
independence. Very similar to the American revolution the French disrespected the leadership of
King Louis XVI, they believed his extravagant expenditure and participation in the American
revolution left the country in poverty. Inspired by a lack of popular sovereignty, the French citizens
decided the only way they will be able to change their lifestyle is by overthrowing King Louis and
inaugurate a new form of Government for France. Though both revolutions have many relations,
they both have many dissimilarities, throughout my work I will be displaying the reasons why both
revolutions were similar and why they are different.
The American Revolution was an important time for the Americans who felt like they would achieve
higher standards of success without The United Kingdom taking all of their money." For

Trade Between The Us And The Eu
Trade between the US and the EU leaves a ripple effect, not only through their own economies, but
throughout the world economy, given that these are two of the world's wealthiest nations. "The
transatlantic economy is the largest and wealthiest market in the world, accounting for over 50
percent of world GDP in terms of value and over 40 percent in terms of purchasing power." Years of
trade between these two giants has demonstrated the mutual benefits of trade and has set the
standard for both developed and developing countries. Their example shows the interdependence
that different countries uphold and the efficiency that would result if all embraced this inter twine
rather than fought to independently produce their own goods, encouraging ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The US' GDP alone makes up nearly a quarter of the world's GDP, being estimated at $17.311
trillion as of 2014. "It's GDP at purchasing power parity is also the largest of any country in the
world, approximately 18% of the global total. The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in
international transactions and is the world 's foremost reserve currency." (Wikipedia) Their GDP
composition is 1.1 percent agriculture, 19.5 percent industry, and 79.4 percent services, signaling
that it owns a significantly vibrant workforce made of an estimated 155.4 million. This characteristic
is reinforced by the fact that according to The Washington Post, Americans work 20 percent more
hours throughout the year than their European counterparts. America's industries are vast and as the
CIA describes them, they are "highly diversified and world leading". The USA is a "high–
technology innovator [and] second largest industrial output in the world", specializing in the sectors
of "petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food
processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining" commodities. Their industrial production growth
rate, measured as of 2013, is 2.5 percent. While still in the process of coming out from a hard–hit
recession over this past decade, its unemployment rate is 7.3 percent. The US has an economic
power to be reckoned with, and it has strategically partnered with another part of the world whose
political economic power

Essay about Biography of President Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States is one of the more lauded, revered,
criticized, and respected presidents of all time. In fact, he's better to be seen as two people: a quiet
and secluded philosopher, and an informal, public and loud president; it just so happens that these
conflicting personalities found their home inside of Thomas Jefferson. This paper shall cover how
come these personalities came into conflict so often, by examining his philosophies, the actions he
took during his presidency, and the similarities between the two – or lack thereof. Thomas Jefferson
was elected as president in 1800, in what he called "the Revolution of 1800 [12]." This was a long,
bitter election between Jefferson, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jefferson started in a great place, the economy. He worked hastily with his advisor, Albert Gallatin,
to develop new economic policies. After persistent deliberation on the matter, Jefferson found a
blessing and a curse. He found that he could do several things he wished to do, such as eliminate the
national debt, change the market policy, and eliminate several taxes. Though, Jefferson did not
eliminate the national bank due to the begged pleas of his advisor [10] [12] [1]. This was rather
inconsistent with Jefferson's philosophies as Jefferson was one of the biggest opponents of a
national Bank. In fact, he was foremost when confronting Jefferson with overstepping his
constitutional boundaries. This was just the first of the hypocritical decisions that plagued Jefferson
during his presidency. He did, however, change several other economic policies in the United States.
For example, Jefferson strayed away from the government–regulated market policy that Hamilton
was a proponent of, and instead embedded a free market in its place. This market was founded in the
principles of laissez–faire. This model did not last long though, and ended up devastating the
economy. This will be touched on later, but for now there's the Louisiana Purchase to discuss. While
Jefferson was working to alter the American economy, Spain and France were working to alter their
territories. In 1800, Spain signed a treaty bequeathing the Louisiana

Essay about United Kingdom
ondon is the capital of the United Kingdom. It ranks as one of the world?s most historic cities,
tracing its roots back nearly 2000 years. London has long been a great world port and trading center.
The port of London consists of two huge docks and 43 miles of wharves along the Thames River.
London also has a remarkable transportation system. Expressways, and underground and surface
railways carry more than one million commuters between the outlying areas and central London
each workday. More than 350,000 commuters travel by subway, about 400,000 take surface trains
and more than 100,000 go by bus. About 100,000 people drive their cars to work. The London
subway system (the ?tube?), is the largest subway system in the world. It includes ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relations between these two countries were strengthened by the UK?s alliance with the United
States during both World Wars, the Korean conflict and the Persian Gulf War. The United Kingdom
and the United States regularly consult on foreign policy issues and global problems. The United
Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, therefore its location is ideal for ship transportation.
Shipping is an inexpensive and fairly efficient method of transportation; however, the United
Kingdom also has a large number of airports and railways (see transportation). The United Kingdom
is also located close to France and Belgium, which are two of its main trading partners, resulting in
inexpensive transportation of goods.
he UK has an exceptionally well organized system of government. The United Kingdom is a
constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state; however, a cabinet of senior
politicians, known as ministers governs the country. The prime minister (Tony Blair, elected May
2,1997) is the head of the government. Parliament is the chief lawmaking body. It consists of the
monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. he United Kingdom is said to have an
unwritten constitution as it is not all jotted down on one document. Some of it?s written parts are
laws passed by Parliament, others come from historic documents (Magna Carta), and common law.
The unwritten part contains ideas and practices that British society has developed

Anglo Saxon England Research Paper
Until today, the English monarchs bear the title "Duke of Normandy." Anglo–Saxon England refers
to the period of English history from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo–
Saxon kingdoms. Through the sub–Roman period of English history, there is a strong cultural link
back to the period of Roman occupation. Relations were closer with Scandinavia than with central
Europe. Despite the geographical proximity of the French coast when the Anglo–Saxon period
ended and the Norman period began. Moreover, this comparative isolation from Europe also ended.
By the end of the Anglo–Saxon period, England had taken the shape of the country that continues to
be the Kingdom of England now within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Throughout the long Anglo–Saxon period of England's history, the kingdoms existed as an offshore
island of continental Europe. The subsequent mixture of Anglo–Saxon and Norman French cultures
became, over the years, a foundation for integrating England into the European cultural life. Anyone
who believed that history is not only a series of accidents might well see God's hand behind the
creation of an empire. England also became embroiled in a series of European ... Show more content
The king's revenue came only from his personal demesne, which in 987 was merely the modern–
day. Furthermore, other than these territories, the king did not personally rule over any part of what
is now France. He merely received the homage of those who did. Twelve of these lords were known
as the peers, because within their territories, their authority was as complete as the king's within his,
which included the Droits Régaliens. Some of these peers were actually richer and more powerful
than the king himself, a notable example being the counts of

Causes Of Hegemony
hegemony will make a strong country easy to launch a war, to seize the colonies, thus breaking the
balance of power.
Hegemony has created a power imbalance for the First World War in one of the causes of the
outbreak. The content of the First World War was the hegemony of the imperialist countries.
Western major powers have strong military and comprehensive strength, so they wantonly plunder
the colonies, bully small countries and regions, carve up the sphere of influence. They all want to
become kingdom to dominate the world of imperialism. "By destroying France as a Power,
Germany would destroy the balance of power in Europe, and would threaten to bring Britain's
global supremacy to an end." We can see that when some countries are too powerful to be called the
overlord To the interests of small countries, so the surrounding countries tend to be united, because
the defeat of hegemony is equal to save their own. So hegemony to people to bring no good, only
the dispute. The largest empire, the territorial area of about a quarter of the world, France also has a
lot of colonies. Before Europe has been in peacetime, the gradual establishment of alliances between
countries, but each alliance will involve a lot of interest. At the end of the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, France and Germany continued to have friction, especially in colonial issues. Because
France is the second colonial power after the United Kingdom, North Africa became the important
place for their

Counterrorism Police Relations
I wanted to focus on how does Counterrorism policing effect community and police relations. This
is important to me and the field of criminal justice and criminology for many reasons. A reason for
this importance is that after 9–11 the united states has spent billions on domestic counter terrorism
involving federal, state, and local police 2004) Congressional Budget Office. This has affected
community policing (Chappell 2009) since much of the federal funding that community policing
was getting has been diverted to homeland security.
I want to learn if community policing has a positive benefit to counter terrorism and how best can
we prevent terrorism and promote democracy and safety for our communities. Many countries have
focused highly

Asian Cultures, Languages, Negotiation Styles, And...
Why is it important for you to increase your knowledge and skill in Asian cultures, languages,
negotiation styles, and business practices? Asia accounts for 59.78% of the total world population.
In fact, China and India alone constitute about 37% of the world population. The total number of
Asian countries is 48, including three of the most powerful forces in the global market, China, India,
and Indonesia. Those three countries make up more than 40 percent of the earth's inhabitants
(Moran, Harris, & Moran, 2011, p. 323). The population of the Asia region of the world contributes
a massive amount of exporting goods, and global business as a whole. The sheer number of people
consuming goods that must be imported to support the large population force the need for trade with
other regions. The demand for resources is high and the need to develop strong trade relations with
other countries is vital to the continued growth and success of Asian countries. Therefore, it is
important to increase our knowledge of Asian cultures, languages, negotiation styles, and business
practices to further develop business relations that are favorable to the continued growth and
development of our own country and the global marketplace. The Asia countries make a massive
impact on global economics and trade relations which also affects the political aspects related to
international relationships. When westerners are doing business in the any region of the world, it is
important to

The Pros And Cons Of Extradition
Extradition is the transfer of an accused from one state or country to another state or country that
seeks to place the accused on trial. In legal term extradition can be defined as the legal surrender of
a fugitive to the jurisdiction of another state, country, or government for trial. Extradition between
nations is regulated by extradition laws or diplomatic treaties between the country where the
accused is present. Not all the countries have extradition treaties. The united states have entered into
extradition treaties with many countries in Europe and Latin America and few countries in Asia and
Africa. Extradition treaty is necessary because once a person leaves the border of a country the laws
of that country cease to apply to them and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the extradition treaties which has been signed by the U.S requires that the offense should
be a crime in the U.S as well as the country making the request. In U.S requests for extradition are
seen by the state department and the justice department. The limitations to extradition are as
follows:–
–Not all the nations will extradite their citizens to another country for prosecution like France and
Israel.
–There are countries which refuses to extradite to the U.S if the death penalty will be imposed.
There are treaties which have the provisions that prevent extradition if the person has already been
convicted oe acquitted for the crime.
The European Convention on Extradition was signed on December 13th 1957. The European
Convention on Extradition convention is a multilateral extradition treaty. Extradition can only be
granted with respect to certain crimes. France, Japan, Ukraine, China, Belarus are the countries
which do not have its citizens extradited.
The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution refers to the
Article 4, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state
where he/she has committed a

America 's Political Situation Of The World Essay
To Begin the World Over Again
In 1770's political situation of the world was so suitable for United States in order to establish its
own government as a country and determine a well–functioning foreign policy to protect United
States' interest. Even though European countries such United Kingdom, France, Spain want to
American continent as an open land to exploit, Tom Paine suggest an idea that United States should
secure for independence and set up republic. According to Paine, people in the United States are
chosen to create new world order and commerce to change the history.
The way to approach trade and relationship with colonized countries also gives an advantage to the
United States. Therefore, United States maximized its profit by trading colonized countries directly.
This shows United States does not constitute common idea of trade, which was mercantilism at that
time, yet United States selects direct and relatively free trade with other countries. So, United States
begin to change trade pattern in the world.
After Westphalia, concepts that are related to states and international order increased the importance
of notion of state. States attached importance to their own domestic policies and international
interest. States pay more attention on diplomacy and negotiation rather than war. War become
highest risk for states to keep their international interest. They invest their armies to use them as a
psychologic weapon to protect their interest.
Eighteen century is a

Great Britain Research Paper
It is clear to any that the global role held by Great Britain has changed drastically since the Empire's
pinnacle during the Victorian Era. The nation is no longer imperialistic in nature, to the point where
it would be highly questionable to refer to model day Great Britain as an "empire". At first it is easy
to assume that because Great Britain has continually lost or let go of its colonies and dominions and
no longer has the worlds most powerful armed forces that its global influence would be exceedingly
reduced. Global influence of a nation however is much more complex than strict landmass and
military power. With the modern global economy imperialism is not necessary to preserve powerful
economic influence, which in a largely capitalistic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the United Kingdom can still be considered a world power it is expected that it would be
respected by other nations and viewed as having high status. The historical status of the nation
however plays a much larger role in the perceived status of the United Kingdom today. The British
Empire at its peak became the most powerful and far reaching empire the world has ever seen. The
country's rich history conjures up images relating to high culture, well mannered individuals pursing
art, science, and moral action. It is due to the nation's history that the United Kingdom is so
respected today.

The European Union And The United Kingdom
The European Union and the United Kingdom have a long history. Winston Churchill himself is
credited with bringing about the idea for the EU as a "United State of Europe". Many in the U.K are
now starting to feel that this may not be the best alliance the U.K could be in. The EU is seen by
many Brits as being too much oversight for too little gains. The U.K does not even identify as
majorly European, and therefore believe they should not have the oversight of the EU. The United
Kingdom leaving the EU should be seen as a major issue, and may be a reality by the end of the
decade. If this were to happen it would have major geopolitical effects on the EU as a whole. The
idea of the U.K not being wholly European is nothing new, the first ... Show more content on
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This wording only allows for the two possibilities, but Cameron would prefer a third option. The
Conservatives want to somehow work out a deal with the EU to allow the U.K to stay as a free trade
partner but not to be bound by EU policy. Germany has heavily opposed a special U.K status, but is
not opposed to the idea of multiple statuses within the EU for members. If the referendum passes
before these reforms are made the U.K will leave the European Union, this leads most to expect that
the U.K would quickly sign free trade agreements with all the other European nations. Brits
currently favor cession with 50% of those polled favoring it, and 36% not favoring it. The U.K
perspective on this is that many people support this, but there is a divide between the public and the
corporate world. The U.K identify closer to countries like Australia, Canada, and the U.S than they
do with the EU. This feeling of being British, not European has only helped strengthen the argument
for cession. The major group not supporting cession is large corporations, while in the EU It is far
easier for them to do business than if they had to deal with a renegotiated Eurozone. Many Brits do
not see the EU to be giving them much benefit, this is perhaps the primary reason for leaving the
EU. The EU costs Britain quite a bit of pounds each year to maintain relations with them, and many
brits say it is time for the U.K

Laos
Laos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia,
bordered by Burma and the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east,
Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
Capital: Vientiane
Currency: Lao kip
Population: 6.77 million (2013)
Government: Communist state, Socialist state
Official language: Lao
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Etymology
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
In the Lao language, the country's name is "Muang Lao" or "Pathet Lao" both literally mean "Lao
Country".[17]The French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893, named
the country as the plural of the dominant and most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Independence & Communist Rule (1953–present)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
In 1955 – the US Department of Defense created a special Programs Evaluation Office to replace
French support of the Royal Lao Armyagainst the communist Pathet Lao as part of the US
containment policy.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
In 1960 – amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the
Royal Lao Army and the communist North Vietnam–backed, and Soviet Union–backed Pathet Lao
guerillas.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
In 1962 – A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by PrinceSouvanna Phouma
proved to be unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between
the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the
NVA and Vietcong.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
In 1968 – the North Vietnamese Army launched a multi–division attack to help the Pathet Lao to
fight the Royal Lao Army. The attack resulted in the army largely demobilising, leaving the conflict

to irregular ethnic Lao Hmong Hmong people forces of the "U.S. Secret Army" backed by the
United States and Thailand, and led by

The Development of International Relations
INTRODUCTION This paper begins by outlining the definitions and what exactly is meant by
international relations. Secondly, it tells the story of how and why the study of international relations
emerged when it did, during the course of modern history. Even though, the history and the origins
of this discipline alone does not reveal everything we need to know about how international
relations functions in this day and age, it certainly would help us to understand the legacy left
behind by this study's original purpose, international gains and calamities, and by its traditional
schools of thought; explanations starting from the time of the Great Powers, to the French
Revolution, the first of the alliances, the Industrial revolution, the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These treaties resulted from a big diplomatic assembly, thus initiating a new system of political
order in central Europe, between the Hapsburg alliance (Austria–Hungury and Spain) and the
Protestant countries (France, Britain, Sweden). Later it was called by many parties as the
Westphalian sovereignty. The key factor to this system was the ability of one state to balance the
power of another state so that it could not obtain power of smaller units and create a universal
empire, thereby forming a relationship between the many nations within the European terrain. THE
FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789 – 1799) The French Revolution (1789–1799), was a period of
drastic social and political turmoil in France and one that had a major impact not only on France but
also throughout the rest of Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries
collapsed within a mere three year period. However, 5 directors established control of the French
state in 1795 and held power until 1799, when it was replaced by the Consulate under Napoleon
Bonaparte. Meanwhile, by the nearing end of the 18th century Britain's power multiplied due to
industrialization along with its rival at the time, France. What was once the great powers in Europe
and the adjacent terrain were by this era beginning to decline, namely Sweden, Netherlands and the
Ottoman Empire. Nevertheless,

United Kingdom 's Political And Social Relations
BACKGROUND PAPER
ON
UNITED KINGDOM
1. This background paper delves into a few key points on the United States' closest ally, the United
Kingdom (UK), as well as examines the US interest in the UK. It first takes a look at the political
and social relations of the UK, paying special interest to its relations with the European Union (EU).
Next it examines the UK's economics and resources. It then shows US interests in the UK as they
relate to the aforementioned points.
2. As the United States' closest ally, the United Kingdom's political and social relations are very
important to the United States. The UK is a global power and one of the founding members of the
United Nations (UN). It is closely tied with many different countries due to its vast colonization and
expansion in the past. At one point the British Empire spanned more than a quarter of the world.1
The UK is also an active member of the EU,1 though its relationship with the EU divides the
country.2 It is probable that the rocky relations between the UK and the EU are due to the fact that
the UK has shifted between ally and enemy to many of the countries in Europe.2 One of the main
reasons the UK has had hostilities with many other European countries in the past is because of its
history as an "empire builder and major trading power."2 Additionally, the UK chose to work alone
against Nazi Germany in the early 1940s.2 This had a negative impact on the world view of the UK
as a nation who is "its own

Essay On Iraq
United Kingdom has voted in favor of all the resolutions in which resolution 1–1 is based on; 1189
(1998), 1269 (1999), 1368 (2001), and 1373 (2001). Thus, demonstrating a strong commitment to
condemn terrorist attacks over the years. Once again, United Kingdom will vote in favor of a
resolution that is believed to maintain worldwide peace and security, to condemn terrorist acts, and
to foster cooperation between nations in order to solve the conflict.
Through peaceful and diplomatic processes, the United Nations has tried to disarm Sadam Hussein
in 12 years, consecutively after his wars in which hundreds of thousands died. The government of
United Kingdom is aware of Iraq's lack of effort to comply with passed relevant resolutions and ...
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France will be an ally since President Chirac opposes the intervention of Iraq's sovereign borders
and seeks for an increased Iraqi cooperation by extending inspection and giving Iraq more time to
comply. China will be an ally since they support giving more time for inspections and Iraqi
cooperation. Russian confederation will be an adversary since they may have different perceptions
of the Iraq conflict. Historically, they have contradicted the proliferation of Western ideas in politics
and society.
This conflict will provide United Kingdom with an opportunity to strengthen diplomatic relations
with the Russian confederation. United Kingdom will reiterate its efforts to favor the integration of
Russia in the international system and global economy. Thus, attempting to build a strategic
partnership with Russia in favor of the European region.
3. Although, United Kingdom acknowledges Iraq's history and its lack of effort to comply with
previous resolutions, the government considers as strengths in this resolution the states' attempt to
solve Iraq's conflict through peaceful processes. United Kingdom's government perceive weakness
in clause #9, since the country is not interested in engaging in a coalition of states intervention to
make Iraq comply with resolutions forcefully. United Kingdom's interests and values are portrayed
in the clauses of the resolution 1–1, except for clause #9. United Kingdom's government believes
that the

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