Pine Rocklands

Pine Rocklands
Pine Rocklands grow on the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, a limestone rock outcropping that extends south and west from North Miami Beach to Long
Pine Key in Everglades National Park. Over 225 types of native plants occur here and more than 20% of the plant species are found here and nowhere
else in the world. Five of these plant species are federally listed as threatened or endangered ( http://www.miamidade.gov/environment
/pine–rocklands.asp). Florida's Pine Rocklands are characterized by outcroppings with a low understory of tropical and temperate shrubs, palms, vines,
grasses and herbaceous wildflowers – as well as a single species of over story tree, the slash pine. With very little soil substrate and a dependence on
fire, these ecosystems are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to only 2% of the south Florida pine Rocklands remaining, making it one of the most endangered of ecoregions (Noss and Peters 1995). Besides
Long Pine Key in Everglades National Park, conversion of pine Rocklands communities on the Miami Rock Ridge has left perhaps 2percent intact
within the other major block of this ecoregion. Hardwood hammocks are under much greater threat of development in the Keys, where they are mostly
privately owned. Other reasons for habitat loss include conversion to agriculture through the use of rock plows to break up the limestone for planting,
fire suppression, and introduction of exotic species such as Brazilian pepper (Schinus). The increase in water table from agricultural irrigation, beetle
epizootics, and the effects of Hurricane Andrew damaged part of the remaining stands (A. Mack, pers. comm.) According to www.tropicalaudubon.org
/conservation/pine–rocklands) In 2014, major parcels in the Richmond Pine Rockland, the largest privately owned tract in Florida, were slated to
become the site of a new Walmart shopping center and 408 apartments ("Coral Reef Commons"), as well as a new theme park (Miami Wilds). The
proposed projects for the parcels surrounding Zoo Miami galvanized TAS and its conservation partners to form
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Global Warming On Polar Bears Research Paper
Brenda Ceja
Block G: Biology
May 24, 2015
The Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears
Introduction
Global warming is the recent and ongoing rise of temperature on a global scale. Over the past century, the Earth's average temperature has risen 1.4В°F
(Carlowicz, 2010). Global warming is the effect of an excessive amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses trap heat from
escaping back into space to keep the Earth from freezing, this is called the Greenhouse Effect. An excessive amount of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere trap too much heat, thus, causing Earth's temperature to rise. The Earth's rise in temperature is melting ice in its colder regions. Many
animals who live in the Arctic Circle, the lands surrounding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The melting sea ice is also affecting the polar bear's main prey, seals, forcing the bears to turn to alternate, less nutritious food sources. Once sea ice
forms in the winter, seals use the ice to create dens to give birth to their pups. In these months, polar bears use sea ice as their hunting grounds to
find seal dens. Now that Seasonal Ice is forming later and melting earlier (IPCC, 2013), seals have less time to build dens and give birth.
Consequently, polar bears have less time to hunt their preferred prey of seal pups. They must spend more time on land hunting other animals of less
nutritional value. Organizations like Sea World Parks have reported male polar bears occasionally eating newly–born polar bear cubs because they
cannot find other food to eat. Lack of nutritional food leads to a reduced body size. Polar bears are becoming thinner and weaker from not eating
enough (Rode, Amstrup, & Regehr 2010). They have to swim longer distances to find ice to hunt upon, causing many cubs to die because they are
not yet strong enough. In the Hudson Bay, the average polar bear weight has decreased by 15% and the population has decreased by 20% (National
Wildlife Federation). In the summer when there is no ice, polar bears in the Hudson Bay go onto land to fast until the ice reforms. Now that ice is

Louisiana State Research Paper
Louisiana State Paper
Louisiana is a state consisting of about 4,523,628 people. This number taken prior to Hurricane Katrina that occurred in 2005. As of 2015, the
estimated population of Louisiana is 4,670, 724. The area of the state of Louisiana is about 43, 562 square miles. With its neighboring states of Texas,
Arkansas, and Mississippi, Louisiana is located within the southeast part of the United States. The state's first geologist was Francis V. Hopkins. Along
with his assistant, Colonel Charles H. Lockett, Hopkins published the first topographical and geological maps of Louisiana. Louisiana has a variety of
natural resources. Some examples of these natural resources are forests, salt, oil reserves, natural gas, and sulfur.
Louisiana has many wetlands, rivers, lakes, and coastal plains. One river that stretches over a great part of Louisiana is the Mississippi River. Lake
Pontchartrain is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some examples of rocks and minerals found in Louisiana are Agate, Louisiana Opal, Cabochon, and Petrified Wood. Agate is a mineral found in
Louisiana. Agate is the official state mineral. This mineral is often found in the gravel. Agate can be classified as a mineral and a rock. It is formed by
precipitation of silica–rich solution chemicals in rock cavities. Agate is a classified as a microcrystalline assortment of Silica and Chalcedony, and it
is characterized by its fine grains and color brightness. In Vernon Parrish, Louisiana the Louisiana Opal can be found. Small amounts of this has been
traced from mining in the Catahoula Formation. Louisiana Opal is a mixture of sandstone and cement clear precious opal. In 2011, Cabochon became
the state's official gemstone. The gemstone is derived from Crassotrea Virginica Mollusk. The most commonly known gem in Louisiana is the
Petrified–Wood. Found in the Catahoula Formation, this gem is a sedimentary rock formed in the plains and swamps in the Oligocene Gulf

Crossing The Western Desert Of Iraq
crossing the western desert of Iraq to the Euphrates. The stony desert carries only a sparse herb growth, and only in the valley where there are
temporary pools and springs is there more abundant vegetation. The Expressway No. 1 passes 2 km to the North of the ecologically important site
boundary within the Mesopotamian Shrub Desert Ecoregion of the Habbaniyah Lake. Sand dunes are very common which cause many accidents;
there should be special equipment at Al Rutbah Centre to avoid these accidents. [38] [39] 4.7 Economic Vision The benefits and impacts transport
corridors bring to a national economy are greater than those of mere transport infrastructure. Transport infrastructure deals with basic connections
among regions or cities and achieves the start of trade and the development of such other social side effects as an increase in employment, access to
education, healthcare, etc. transport corridors go one step further: They refine the transport and logistics services and make trading far more
competitive as it is by definition aims to link provinces countries and regions main strategies and mechanisms that are being implemented in transport
corridors and their effects and impacts on trade. They are also important for security and territorial integrity of countries and regions, and for tourism
or movement of people in general. In addition, if not properly managed, transport corridors development can involve negative externalities such as the
spread of diseases and

Coral Ocean Trade
Summary:
The international trade in corals today mainly focuses on live corals for the marine reef aquarium trade. The purpose of this study is to understand the
overall trends over time (in this instance, 21 years between 1990–2010) as coral species enter the trade and become more commercially popular.
Another reason was to assess the impact that increased aquaculture production of corals has on the trade, and predict how changes in the trade of live
corals may impact coral reef ecosystems. Trade increased over 8% per year between 1990 to mid–2000s, and then decreased by 9% each year. The
aquarium and trade for corals is associated with positive and negative impacts to ecosystems and societies. The timing of the peak and decline varies
among

Why Are Red Wolves Endangered
Red Wolves have no natural predators. The Red Wolves have been endangered since the 1960s, which has affected history and the environment ("Red
Wolves–History"– Red Wolves Conservation Center). The red wolf's main threat is breeding with the eastern coyotes, but can helped by having
specialists set up camp to breed red wolves together. The Red Wolves, which are also known as theCanis Rufus, are the world's most endangered canid
(Red Wolf Habitat). The length of a red wolf is four to five feet, weigh from fifty to eighty pounds, and a height of about twenty–six inches. Their fur is
black and brown on the top of their body and yam (brown, orange, red) on the stomach area. These beautiful creatures live in swamps, forests, and
coastal prairies from Southeastern Texas to Central Pennsylvania. Canis Rufus hunt and live in a pack of five to eight. In the pack, there is an alpha
wolf, which is a wolf which breeds adult duplets and progeny. Wolves are known to only have a partner throughout its life.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Red Wolves are originally from Southeastern USA. Because of habitat loss and the control predator programs, red wolves, that were left, migrated to
the Northeastern part of USA. Which was harmful to them, because of the vast populations of coyotes in Northeastern USA. The incorporation of
small Red Wolf population, vast Coyotes population, and small area causes the two species to interbreed. This interbreeding causes the breakdown of
natural barriers ("Red Wolves and Coyotes" USFWS). The minor threats, such as vehicle and illegal mortality and diseases such as hookworms and
heartworms, are also extremely bad for Red Wolves. They happen to them when they are in the wild. These blessed animals should be saved from the
threats of habitat loss, predator control programs, reproduction with coyotes, and other minor

Smooth Bromus Inerme Research Paper
Effects of different mowing treatment on bud banks of invasive Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in northern Great Plains
Abstract:
Smooth brome is an introduced cool–season rhizomatous perennial grass known to invade throughout northern Great Plains. During the spring of
2013, we implemented an experimental study at the smooth brome invaded mixed grass prairie site of eastern South Dakota to evaluate mowing as an
effective management tool for controlling smooth brome. Unlike earlier studies, our research focused on exploring the response of smooth brome
below ground bud bank size, composition, and tiller establishment under different mowing frequency. Experiments were conducted using four specific
types of treatment– Control (no mowing), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It comprised of 231 hectares of mixed woodlands, tall–and mixed–grass prairie, and developed land bordering Oak Lake in Brookings County, South
Dakota (Bedford, Burkard, Crider, Barnett, & Troelstrup Jr, 2013). Sited in the Prairie Pothole region at an elevation of 556m, Oak Lake Field Station
experiences a mid–continental climate with a mean annual precipitation of 583 mm and a mean annual temperature of 5.9 в—¦C. The Oak Lake field
composed of approximately 66% rangeland and pasture, 12% cropland, 13% forest, 8% wetlands, and 1% roads and developed areas. In order to
maintain historically natural landscape, the field station uses prescribed burning to maintain vegetation and promote native plant diversity. Grassland
within the Field Station have been burned 17 times between 1995 and 2011. The main soil types are mollisols (Westin, 1959). Sites of this study
consist of the areas of native tallgrass and mixed prairie never been plowed and but infested and dominated by smooth brome or Kentucky

Sid Traits Essay
Traits:
Height at shoulder:– 10 to 16" average
Length:– roughly 2' 0"
Weight:– roughly 50lbs
Found:– North America and Europe
Curved spine with long limbs relative to body indicating good for running.
Front legs had five toes, of which four were equipped with small proto–hooves (neither nails nor hooves but a cross); the large fifth toe was off the
ground.
Rear legs had small hooves on three of the five toes and the first and fifth toes did not touch the ground.
Each toe padded similar to a dogs paw except hooves instead of claws..
Short head and springy neck.
Short space between front and cheek teeth.
Archeological evidence points to the jaws having 44 low crowned teeth with characteristic horse like ridges on molars
Teeth arrangement of an omnivorous (Eats both vegetation and meat) browsing mammal: three molars, four premolars, one canine and three incisors on
each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eohippus evolved into Orohippus through a gradual series of changes.
Spine less curvy than that of Hyracotherium / Eohippus.
Slimmer than the Eohippus. Slimmer fore limbs and longer hind limbs making it more suitable for jumping.
4 padded toes on front legs and 3 padded toes on rear legs. Each toe padded similar to a dogs paw.
Short face but longer skull which had centralized eyes.
The most dramatic change between Eohippus and Orohippus was in the teeth: the first premolar teeth were dwarfed. The ridges became more
noticeable on the teeth.
Both of these factors gave the Orohippus greater grinding ability, suggesting it consumed tougher plant material and not grass.
45 – 37 million years BC – Epihippus (Upon Horse)

(http://rockingltaz.com/uploads/3/6/0/9/3609746/3786750.jpg)
Traits:
Height at shoulder:– 14 to 22" average
Found:– North

Polar Bear Challenges
Polar bear is the largest land carnivore in the world, it is an animal native to the Arctic. They live without definite residence but migrate across the ice
and through the seas from Russia to Alaska, Canada to Greenland and onto the Svalbard archipelago. Adequate food and energy are the key for polar
bear to survival in the harsh arctic environment. In recent years, however, the polar bears have faced enormous challenges in arctic, where they have no
natural enemy. It is well known that the normal temperature of human body is around 36.5 degree centigrade, sometimes, sudden illness causes a rise
in body temperature. Every sudden increase in temperature of human body is a threat to human health. The same is happening with the global climate
system. On the surface, the temperature is just a fraction of degree centigrade but the air temperature can be changed very severe during a certain
period and it also causes a chain reaction of weather and climate. The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that since the
industrial revolution, the average temperatures of Earth surface has risen by 0.6 degree centigrade (Lisa V. Alexander). Moreover, the rise in
temperature is concentrated in recent decades, there has been an upward trend of about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade. Global warming has already
affecting the Earth's ecosystems. The polar bear was the first species be listed as a threatened species in the US under the Endangered Species because
of the threats

Environmental Constraints In The Food Security Of Ethiopia
Food Security of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a country located in east central Africa. Its area is approximately 1.1 million square kilometres, with a population of around 102 million
(2016). Ethiopia's capitol, Addis Baba is located at 8.9806В° N, 38.7578В° E. Addis Baba is situated in central Ethiopia, it is approximately 2464
kilometres south south East of Cairo the capitol of Egypt. The country is bordered by 6 other countries;
– Sudan
– South Sudan
– Eritrea
– Djibouti
– Kenya
– Somalia
Ethiopia does not have a coast line it is a land locked country.
Agriculture is a major industry in Ethiopia's economy. It accounts for 80% of employment, 50% of gross domestic product and 84% of Ethiopia's
Exports. The main agricultural products that get ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethiopia is plagued by constant drought, robbing canals communities and most importantly crops of their water. Thus, making water very valuable
and precious to remote farming communities. Second to drought is soil degradation and erosion. This is caused through the overgrazing of
livestock, deforestation, lack of rest and poor farming practices. Soil lacking nutrients make plants hard to grow and are essential to maintaining a
healthy crop. In addition, the loss of wild biodiversity, the loss of food crop genetic diversity and climate change are all factors in contributing to
environmental constraints in the food security of Ethiopia. The lack of water in canals and rivers due to drought causes strife all through out
Ethiopia as water is vital to grow crops. Farmers further up the canal or rivers over use the water leaving next to no water for farmes further down the
canal/ river. Contamination of soil and already rare water makes things even worse, increasing crop failure. The emergence of new pests and diseases
among crops is not an uncommon thing throughout Ethiopia. However, the pesticides used to protect crops are having side on affects with the natural
wildlife of Ethipoia. Many authentic species are dying through the use of pesticides.
There are numerous constraints that affect the development of crops grown in Ethiopia that are not environmental. Many of which come down to the
farmers and their poor farming practises. Conflict arises between

Analysis Of Watersheds
2. Methodology 2.1 Study Area The water quality data used in this study comes from the six watersheds that drain to Lake Erie: Maumee, Cuyahoga,
Muskingum, Raisin, Grand, and Sandusky (Figure 1). These six basins are close in spatial proximity (e.g., similar climate, ecoregion, and cropping
systems), and have publicly available long–term, daily time–series datasets (14–35 years). The soil in Sandusky, the northern reaches of Maumee, and
Raisin watersheds were clayey soil which formed from beach sediments and glacial till associated with the glacial lakes. The central part of Maumee
and the southern part of Sandusky watersheds are characterized by coarse–textured soils formed from glacial deposits. Muskingum watershed is
characterized by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With 52% agricultural and 43% forest land, Muskingum was considered the mixed watershed, while Grand is a forested (52%) watershed. Urban,
agricultural, and forest categories are herein characterized as having high, medium, and low anthropogenic impact, respectively. (Table 1) (Figure 1)
2.2 Data Mining TechniquesThe Weka software package (Hall et al., 2009) was used to implement the four classical data mining methods: multilayer
perceptrons, K–nearest neighbor, REPTree, and random forest. The linear regression was used as the reference method to predict the nitrate
concentrations in a multiyear time–series. 2.2.1 Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is an artificial neural network that learns
nonlinear function mappings. An MLP can be viewed as a logistic regression classifier where the input is first transformed using a learned non–linear
transformation. This transformation projects the input data into space where it becomes linearly separable. This intermediate layer is referred to as a
hidden layer. A single hidden layer is sufficient to make MLPs a universal approximator. Formally, a one
–hidden–layer MLP is a function f: RDв†’ RL,
where D is the size of input vector x and L is the size of the output vector f(x), such that, in matrix notation: (Equation 1) with bias vectors , weight
matrices and activation functions G and s. The vector constitutes the

California Coast Case Study
AUDIENCEProblem?Solution?So What? Audience 1: Scientists / Environmental ProfessionalsLand–use change will likely pose a greater threat to
biodiversity than climate change in this century. For the California Coastline, poorly planned extensive development will likely result in land use
changes that will further fragment the coastline, posing a direct threat to continued conservation. In a recent spatial analysis, the California coast
ecoregions had the lowest percentage of formally protected land and ranked highest in the conversion threat index (CTI). Continued conservation of the
California Coast, involves preservation of areas that are not currently developed. The California Coastal Commission (CCC) currently has jurisdiction
over the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You're tucking your hood into your wetsuit, and a security officer tells you can no longer enter the water at this point, because it is a private beach.
Is this a forthcoming reality? Unfortunately, it may become a reality if the California Coastal Commission (CCC) fails to fight development the way
it has in the past. Recently, Charles Lester, a longtime advocate against development and historic guardian of the California coastline was fired from
his position as the Executive Director at the CCC, on grounds that he was not doing a good job of balancing development needs with coastal
preservation. Prior to his dismissal, the social media newsfeeds of surfers and ocean lovers alike was inundated with the news. Thousands made the
pilgrimage to Morro Bay, to support Lester. Despite efforts, Lester was fired and the news faded–the coast could now become developed in areas
where it never was before. While the firing of Charles Lester is over, ocean–lovers, surfers, and beach lovers alike cannot just let the new CCC have its
way. We cannot let the bottomless pockets of developers speak too loudly to CCC members. We have to speak just as loudly, and remain aware of
the actions taking place in our local areas. Write to your representatives; join action organizations such as Surfrider, if you have not already. Be aware
of the events

Rainforests of the Atsinanana, Madagascar Essay
Rainforests of the Atsinanana, Madagascar
Christy Haakenson
SCI230
Introduction to Life Science
Paula Roberts
March 27, 2011
The Rainforests of the Atsinanana is a place like no other. The continent of Madagascar can be found 200 miles off the east coast of Africa and
completed full separation from all other land masses more than 60 million years ago (Staff W., 2001). The island ofMadagascar has lived in isolation
and with isolation gives the Rainforests of Atsinanana an abundance of plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. This unique place is
made up of six national parks and was approved by UNESCO committee in New Zealand (WWF, n.d.). The Rainforests of Atsinanana is currently on
the list of world heritage sites in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One type of lemur is nocturnal and is only active in the night and the other type is diurnal and spends the days eating, mating, and playing (2005).
Some are large in size like the indri, and others such as the Berthe's mouse lemur is the smallest in the world (2005). Although these creatures are
different in characteristics, they have one similarity and that is there home in Madagascar. Aside from many types of lemurs, there are many other
unique creatures found in the Rainforests of the Atsinanana in Madagascar. Other species include the Flying fox bats, Fossa, Fanaloka, Tenrece,
spear–nosed snake, and more than 3,000 endemic butterflies (Ward M, 2008). The isolation of this island and history has madeprimate extinction real.
At this time there are at least 15 species of lemur that have gone extinct (2005). The main cause of these primates going extinct is because of the
habitat loss from deforestation only leaving 8.5% of the original forests. The Rainforests of the Atsinanana Madagascar is not only unique for many
types of species it is home to, but also for the unique plant life. Atsinanana has more than 12,000 plant species known in Madagascar, which are also
endemic. Six of eight baobab trees that are endemic to Madagascar. Baobabs are bottle–shaped trees with large bases and branches that make a flat
appearance to the top. The different types of baobab trees include

Desert Tortoise Research Paper
Desert tortoises are one of the most iconic animals when it comes to associating it with the Mojave Desert. Unfortunately, these animals are on the
threatened species list, as they face everyday threats that humans pose towards them. For example, One of the biggest issues the tortoise's face is the
destruction of their natural lands. One of the main reasons why the tortoises are under threat of losing their habitats is due to the "urbanization and
suburbanization from Los Angeles and Las Vegas", resulting in "the increasing demand for landfill space" ("Mojave Desert"). Loss of habitat has an
enormous impact on the species, as it can lead to fragmentation in the species, meaning the population would be broken up ("Threats To Desert
Tortoises"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When vehicles roam where they are not supposed to, they are potentially destroying the delicate habitat of the desert tortoise. This loss of habitat
leads to a decline in species numbers. For example, "the number of desert tortoises has decreased by 90% due primarily to human activity" in select
areas of the Mojave Desert ("Threats to Mojave"). While a loss and decline of one species in the desert may seem insignificant, the potential loss of
the desert tortoise would be devastating to the ecosystem. All organisms in an ecosystem play a specific role, and when an organism is removed, that
act alters the entire ecosystem.
Finally, the desert tortoises face threats through camping, shooting, and other human activities. With these activities comes the "threats associated with
increased human presence" ("Threats To Desert Tortoises"). These threats include loss of habitat due to the development of recreational facilities,
mishandling and disturbing tortoises, killing of tortoises on roads, and the destruction and degradation of vegetation. All of these threats lead to a
decline in the tortoise population, which does not bode well for the Mojave

Research Paper On Hispaniola
The total amount of islands, including islets, coral reefs and cays is about seven thousand, including a majority of the area known as The Antilles. Of
those islands, the four largest among them include the island nations of Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (composed of the countries Haiti and the
Dominican Republic) and Puerto Rico. Cuba is the 16th largest island by land area and is the largest island of the Caribbean. Its coastline is about 3,735
km (1.86 miles) and a total of 110,860 km (42, 803 square miles) of land and sea. Its horizontal width is 1202 km (747 miles) and its vertical length
is 80 km (50 miles). Cuba's land is flat, flowing gradually into hills and its coastlines are mostly mountainous. The country has about 200 small rivers
as well as narrow streams that run dry during the summer. As for vegetation, Cuba's forests only cover about ten percent of the island and most of its
ecoregion has been converted into a savannah. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The former occupies one–third of the island while the latter controls the balance of land. According to Christopher Columbus, he declared Hispaniola
as "the most beautiful island in the world." As a whole, Hispaniola consists primarily of pine trees. The Dominican Republic has four significant
mountain ranges, including the Pico Duarte the country's highest point and the highest of the Caribbean. The lowlands of the Dominican Republic are
exceptionally dry with very little plant growth. Coincidentally, Haiti is a mountainous land dominated by three mountain ranges and is dependent on its
agricultural farms. However due to natural disasters such as the 2010 earthquake and 2008 hurricanes, Haiti faces multiple environmental concerns.
These environmental include deforestation for agriculture, soil erosion and scarce supplies of

Reflection On Service Learning Activities
Introduction For my service learning project I completed hours at Holiday Brook Farm. Within this paper I will relate my internship to my
bioregion. An overview of the business itself is included along with why it is important to my bioregion. An inquiry of what was done at the farm
for my project. This includes my expectations, if those expectations were met, how it's related to class, etc. An abbreviated review of literature that
includes background information, history, etc. related to my project. A log of hours along with field notes and Kate's signature is included. A section
of my possible resume is included describing tasks that I was responsible for throughout the service learning. Finally, a wrap up of the project, if it
was beneficial, what I enjoyed or did not enjoy, and how it's related to my bioregion to conclude.
Bioregion Paper
Introduction to My Bioregion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bioregionalism gives the large–scale geographical boundaries to determine an area, such as the peaks of a mountain. Bioregionalism is, "the idea
that societies should be organized on the basis of local communities, which attempt to provide for their basic needs on the basis of resources
available at the local level" (Evanoff, R., & O'Neil, E.). Evanoff and O'Neil prove societies strive more when they are divided by their natural
barriers. Determining the bioregion of an area allows us to know our watersheds, soil type(s), and mountain ranges. Bioregions are important because
it allows us to know the features of our area. Knowing our soil type allows farmers to know where their crops will strive or not. Knowing the
watersheds allows us to learn how to preserve our water resource and know where it's coming from. The history of the area, or native culture helps us
see how the region has evolved throughout other human cultures in the

Chaparral Biome In Southern California
A chaparral biome is a plant community shaped by a specific climate characterized by hot, dry summers, and rainy winters. This climate is known as the
Mediterranean climate and it occurs in regions located within the Mediterranean Basin. Although Mediterranean climate is common within the
Mediterranean Basin, it is not exclusive to this area. It can also be experienced in many other areas throughout the world including Cape Town located
in South Africa, the western coast of South America, and the western coast of theUnited States of America. These area's specific climate are what
allows them to be categorized them as chaparral biomes. This essay will focus on the latter of these aforementioned chaparral biomes, specifically the
chaparral biome found in Southern California. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A biome can be best described as a group of flora and fauna in a specified habitat that live together and occur naturally. Meanwhile, a chaparral,
which roots from the Spanish word chaparro (meaning scrub oak), is a community of plants that mainly consist of dense trees and shrubs that
have adapted to the Mediterranean climate. This climate is an essential characteristic of this biome. Another essential characteristic of this biome
is its susceptibility to droughts and wildfires. This is caused by the lack of rainfall it receives per year. For comparison's sake, the average yearly
amount of rainfall the contiguous United States receives is 30.21 inches (or 767 millimeters) while chaparral biomes receive a mere 10 to 15 inches of
rainfall a year. Wildfires are a major aspect to the chaparral cycle because they clear the land of dead vegetation in order to make room for new

Desert Desert Environment
The deserts of central Australia make up a unique ecoregion. As it may be properly assumed, an arid desert environment is not easy to adapt to. Many
different species, including birds, reptiles, mammals, and various plants are able to thrive in such conditions. Human impacts on the island continent
have interrupted the success of some of these species. One group of species that have been very negatively impacted by human interaction are small
digging mammals. These mammals are typically small and almost rodent–like. Although small, digging mammals, such as Macrotis lagotis (the Greater
Bilby), have a large impact on the vegetation biodiversity of the ecoregion. They use their front paws to dig into the ground while they search for food.
In the process, diggings capture organic matter, provide habitat for a diversity of microscopic and macroscopic organisms, and increase nutrient
cycling. Diggings also capture plant seeds, increasing seedling germination, recruitment, and plant growth. The overall effect of mammal diggings is
therefore increased plant vigor and resilience, increased biodiversity and consequently improved ecosystem functioning (Fleming et al 2014). Due to
various impacts by human, these small mammals have quickly been declining. The large impact humans have had on the small mammals is the
introduction of invasive species. Felis catus (feral cat) and Vulpes vulpes (fox) are overpopulated invaders who prey on species such as Macrotis lagotis
and other small

Tall Grass Research Paper
The location of tall grass prairies is between the Mississippi River and Nebraska.the climate change of tall grasses is 10 inches in the west and 30
inches in the east of rain per year. Which means it helps the plants and wildflowers to grow and it provides for the food chain because it helps rivers
and lakes get more water. Growing season late spring to early fall 50 degree FВ° to 70 degree on average. Dormant season which is late fall to early
spring, – 40 degree F to 50 degree F, tall trees are not able to grow there because there is not enough precipitation. The soil is dark brown or black in
color, also soil have formed under grassland vegetation, heavily influenced by the closely matted roots in the dense sod of the thick growing grasses.
Roots eventually decay underground putting nutrients back into the soil, making it richer. Plants and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Big bluestem grass (Turkey food) adapted to growing into growing in dense stands allows for less competition of sunlight generally, the key to
survival are thick deep roots. Anchor into the soil to prevent being blown away in the wind. Animals in short grasses. The prairie dogs essentially are
the squirrel of the prairies normally, squirrels inhabit trees, but in the prairies there aren't any trees. Therefore they burrow underground. Adapted to
creating guard systems some stay outside the burrow to watch for predators while others mate and connect burrows . Adapted to semi–arid, windy
environment with few trees or shrubs. Many Of the animals are thankful for the rodent populations and steal their burrows to survive the freezing to the
sweltering hot temperatures. They can also withstand a great range in temperature from well below freezing in the winter to sweltering heat in the

The Environmental Impact Of The Borneo Lowland Rainforests
Borneo as an island is the third largest island in the world, being just 1% of the world's territory yet holds approximately 6% of the world's
biodiversity in its tropical rainforests. Borneo is a global ecoregion made up of 2 terrestrial ecoregions; Borneo Lowland rainforests and Borneo
Montane rainforests. This environmental impact report is focused on the Borneo Lowland Rainforest. The Borneo lowland rainforest is located in
South–East Asia and routes through parts of Indonesia and Malaysia, and is also located north of Australia. It includes a large diversity of habitats
such as, large areas of karst (barren limestone plateaus with caves, sinkholes, and gullies), and a high–altitude swamp forest.
The Borneo lowland rainforests are defined as the areas that lie around mountains and below their level. Borneo lowland rainforests contain 10,000
plant species, 380 bird species and 15,000 mammal species. There is no distinct 'borders' that would outline Borneo's Lowland Rainforests, but an
approximate estimate suggests the total area being around 420,000 km2. From those statistics it is estimated the lowland forest takes up around 57% of
Borneo's total land. It lies within the tropical monsoon climate zone. The Borneo Lowland Rainforest is evidently a rainforest. Its features include a
stable climate throughout the year with a huge amount of rainfall, with the monthly rainfall being beyond 200mm though out the year. The average
daily temperature is 31 degrees Celsius

The Volga River
The Volga River is a riverine located in Europe, Russia in a federal subject of Russia, Astrakhan Oblast. Its direct location is Longitude:
45В°50вЂІ30вЂіN Latitude: 47В°58вЂІ17вЂіE. Volgograd and Nizhny Novgorod are important cities on the bank of the Volga. The Volga River is
the largest river in Europe in terms of length of length, discharge, and watershed. It starts in the Valdai Hills of north–western Russia and flows
approximately 3,685 km before creating this delta and pouring into the Caspian Sea. The Volga Riveralso contains a wide variety of flora and fauna.
The river is split into 4 different sections: upper, middle, lower and the delta. The Volga basin is divided into four major sections, including the Upper
Volga, Middle Volga, Lower Volga, and delta. The delta is within the Volga Delta
–Northern Caspian Drainages ecoregion and had a length of about 160
km.
The Volga River is under investigation because dams upstream have altered the natural flow regime of the river. Another reason is the mass amount of
fishing and lastly the river is under investigation because of the poor water quality.
The Volga River had its beginnings in the glacial Valdai Hills (225 meters above sea level), which is located near Moscow in the northwest. During the
13th century, the southern part of the Volga River, below Nizhny Novgorod, saw the invasion of Mongols, whose influence is evident in cities like
Astrakhan and Kazan. Along with the establishment of cities, dams and reservoirs, the

Research Paper On Golden Buckwheat
Golden buckwheat (Eriogonum chrysops) is a low, matted perennial plant that flowers, and is usually between 2 and 10 cm tall and is 5–20 cm in
diameter. It grows from a woody caudex. The stems have leaf bases and reach up to 1/5 the height of the plant. Leaves are basal and arranged in tight
clusters. The flowers are yellow, 2.5–3 mm long, and sparsely glandular or infrequently glabrous. Individual flowers are small, less than 3 mm, with 6
petals each. Fruits form within the flowers and are inconspicuous and seed–like. They have leafless flowering stems, 3–8 cm tall, bear ball–like clusters
of yellow flowers in late spring and early summer (from May–June).
Golden buckwheat (Eriogonum chrysops) is currently known from five scattered occurrences

Research Paper: How Mining Is Ruining Our Lakes
How Mining is Ruining Our Lakes and Rivers For numerous years, mining has been a great source of income both inside and outside the continental
United States. Nevertheless, the effects of this profitable process have been slowly destroying America's lakes and streams. While few have already
researched this topic, most overlook it and do not spend much time considering the negative effects that it has on our natural resources. If examined
closely, one would notice the importance of mining regulations both to mitigate the damage done to the aquatic life residing in streams, as well as
prevent pollution which could cause the water to be undrinkable. Mining should be stopped near America's lakes and streams because it has been
scientifically proven ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a great question that is easily answered. Many economist have been prone to saying that mining, whether near lakes and rivers or not, is the
single greatest industry for the economy and should not be stopped for any reason whatsoever (International Council of Mining and Metals). While this
statement is true in the fact that the economy revolves around mining, or at least the result of mining, it is false that mining should take precedence
over natural resources. Statistically speaking, is was found that the mining industry, both directly and indirectly, employed 1,903,440 people in 2012
(National Mining Association). That same study found that mining industry paid around $45.8 billion in taxes that same year. These facts alone are
what the opposition presents as the reason mining should not be regulated, and definitely not stopped all together in a particular region. While the
economic positives that mining bring to the table are undeniable, what it comes down to is protecting that land we take from. Scientists have been
saying for centuries that we will eventually ruin our natural resources to the extent of no return, and we are definitely not protecting our natural
resources. While mining does stimulate and support the United States economy, if we do not protect our natural resources, we will not longer have the
means to survive as a

A Feedback Loop Is A Section Of A Control System Inside An...
A feedback loop is a section of a control system inside an organisms body, that can self–correct to then change a section of the control system according
to difference between the actual/desired set point. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/feedback+loop There are two types of feedback loops negative
and positive, .They are both occur due to the Stimuli. However negative feedback loops operate differently then they do in a positive feedback loop. A
negative feedback loop is used to suppress or discontinue the effect of a stimuli. A negative feedback loop occurs when the stimuli (change in the
environment) is detected and a response occurs, to discontinue the Stimuli. For example the temperature of the human body increases above it's set ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Biology book, class notes.
Progesterone is a steroid hormone most commonly found in the female reproductive cycle. The following diagram represents three feedback loops for
the menstrual cycle. The blue feedback loop shows two hormones, FSH and LH, secretion as to begin the growth of the follicle then the hormones
work together to start the estrogen secretion the estrogen then has a negative feedback from FSH causing it to stop been desecrate. The red feedback
loop shows, increased levels of estrogen occur midpoint in the cycle causing positive feedback to respond on the LH cells in the pituitary. As LH levels
rise ovulation will occur. The purple feedback loop concludes after ovulation and shows the follicle cells transform into corpus luteum which secrets
then builds up progesterone and estrogen levels forming the endometrial lining the hormones work together and a second negative feedback signal is
sent to allow the release of FSH and LH. The corpus luteum then deteriorates dropping the production of estrogen and progesterone allowing
menstruation to occur. https://sbi4u2013.wordpress.com/2013/03/03/the–menstrual–cycle–feedback–loop/
The mammal that is equipped to live in dry water conditions (e.g. desert) is mammal 1. Mammal 1 shows the lowest excreation of water through
evaporation, urine and faeces. It is

Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Northern Canada
Topic: impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Northern Canada
Climate change, as a change in weather like global warming, has attracted the attention of the public. The issue of climate change has been becoming a
global focus of attention for people around the world. Most scientists think that climate change is primarily caused by human activities. Temperature and
precipitation shifts directly affect biota, and scientists think that as the climate continues to change, the biodiversity in Northern Canada is particularly
at risk. Because global warming can result in the decreasing of marine, freshwater and terrestrial communities, climate change has negative influences
on biodiversity in Northern Canada. In order to conserve the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, the biodiversity of freshwater species is seriously affected by climate change.
Not only the marine environment and the freshwater communities, but the terrestrial species are also impacted by climate change. The number of
plant species has been decreasing. Prowse et. al, (2009b, p.284) report that temperature and precipitation change will lead to the change in the
composition of flora communities, and this can result in the loss of plant species. Also, Lemieux & Scott (2005, p.393) state that there is a
wide decline in the taiga biome, thus, the global warming directly impact the biodiversity of plant species. Climate change can also influence the
birds ' growth rate as well. Lower birds ' growth rates and adult body mass occurred in the north (Prowse et. al, 2009b, p.286). Additionally, the
caribou activities are threatened by climate change as well. According to the report from Prowse et. al. (2009b, p.285), owing to global warming, the
incidence of parasitic infection happens more frequently and the forage has been decreasing in winter; these trends result in the decline in numbers of
caribou. Moreover, the impact of climate change on the permafrost seems to be serious. Discontinuous permafrost will disappear at the southern
boundaries of these permafrost zones, and the continuous permafrost will degrade to the discontinuous permanent; that can result in some lakes and
wetlands turning to drain (Prowse et. al, 2009a, p.268). The

What Do You Understand by the Term Deep & Shallow Ecology
Deep ecology is a contemporary ecological philosophy that recognizes the inherent worth of other beings aside from their utility. The philosophy
emphasizes the interdependent nature of human and non–human life as well as the importance of the ecosystem and natural processes. It provides a
foundation for the environmental, ecology and green movements and has fostered a new system of environmental ethics.
According to deep ecologists, the root, or "deep" cause of environmental destruction is anthropocentrism, the worldview that holds humans are (1) that
which has highest or the only intrinsic value, (2) are fundamentally different and separate from nature, and (3) the dominant focus of our attention. This
anthropocentric worldview has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deep ecologists also tend to criticize the reformist environmentalism exemplified by large, mainstream environmental organizations that work within
the political system to gain policy victories without challenging society's main assumptions and values that are the ultimate cause of environmental
degradation. Some deep ecologists also have criticized the animal rights movement as maintaining an implicitly anthropocentric view that extends
human rights to at least some animals, and in so doing upholding a hierarchical view of nature (animals are more important than plants). They also
object to the individualist approach common among animal liberationists, which they believe neglects the importance of whole systems.
There has been a vigorous, and at times shrill, debate between proponents of deep ecology and other schools of radical environmental thought.
Ecofeminism has criticized deep ecology for neglecting the close ties between environmental thought and social ideology, especially the long–standing
tendency to associate nature with the female and then devaluing and oppressing both. Similarly, it has criticized deep ecology's general neglect of
social problems that are caused by the logic of domination, in which some social groups are assumed to have more value and have the right to control
and use others, the same logic of domination that fuels

Wildfires And Its Effects On Our Environment
All too often in the Western U.S., we hear things like, "Fire danger is extremely high" or, "We are in a tinder box right now." By mid
–summer, our
surroundings 'dry–out ' and it seems conditions become perfect as we segue into a fifth season. Wildfire Season. Wildfires can wreak havoc!
Millions of dollars are spent annually, preparing for Wildfires. Money is allocated for education, training, and preparing to fight Wildfires. Money is
spent fighting them and protecting structures that might be in the way. Wildfires can be costly, but they also impact us in other ways. Wildfires tax
our resources. They impact our structures and influence where we build and how we build. Wildfires affect our health, especially for those who have
health concerns. Wildfires impact our weather and overall environment. Wildfires can even be deadly, impacting our communities. Over the past 30
years, Wildfires have become more frequent and have increased in size. Records show that all vegetated continents have experienced uncontrolled
fires. (Science Magazine) According to the American Geophysical Union, "The total area these fires burned increased at a rate of nearly 90,000 acres
a year –– an area the size of Las Vegas. Individually, the largest wildfires grew at a rate of 350 acres a year." (Science Daily, 2014) After taking a more
in depth look at the ecoregions, it was discovered that "The rise in fire activity was the strongest in certain regions of the United States: across the Rocky

Various References of the Congo Essay
"The Congo" refers to several different areas of Africa, all in the same general area but in different settings. Congo can refer to the political regions of
The Democratic Republic of Congo or the Republic of Congo, it's also possible to refer to the Congo as a geographical location varying as a general
location, a rainforest, a river, or a river basin. The Congo River is also known as the Zaire river and the world's deepest river and due to its depth, it
gives the wildlife plenty of places to live but the main use for the Congo River was for hydro power.
The Congo river, also known as the Zaire river, originates from an ancient society dubbed, "Kingdom of Kongo" where the river receives its name. The
reasoning behind it's second name ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Originally the French Congo and the Belgian Congo, the left bank houses the Democratic Republic of Congo and on the opposite, right bank, is where
the Republic of Congo is located.
With all of the space provided, the Congo river is home to a vast majority of African wildlife that include a very high variety of different species
including around 700 species of fish, various types of reptiles with the majority of the such Crocodiles, around 265 species of birds, and rarely but
still occur, water mammals. The Congo River is actually the site of many concentrated endemics, or species that are exclusive to the region. But the
Congo is still a vast river, so large that ecosystems are split into different sections of the river instead of prioritizing it into one single ecoregion. The
problem with this is that scientists have not studied large portions of the Congo, leaving many other inhabitants of the river undiscovered. Wherever
humans occur near the water, fishing will also occur. Fishings occurrence is generally for two reasons: Either as a food source, or a source of
payment. Although methods may be questionable, different techniques are implemented in different areas. Downstream of the Malebo pool, traps are
put to use by attaching them to stakes or dams in the middle of rapids. In marshy areas, fishermen utilize poisons, which is questionable as if

Glass Frog Research Paper
Real Life Kermit: New Discovery of Glass Frog
A glass frog that closely resembles Kermit the Frog has been found! Hyalinobatrachium dianae was recently found in the tropical wet forests and
premontane rainforests in Costa Rica by researchers from the Costa Rican Amphibian Research Center in April 2015. H. dianae is a type of glass
frog that belongs to the genus Hyalinobatrachium and the family Centrolenidae, which consists of about 150 different glass frog species. Senior
researcher Dr. Brian Kubicki named the glass frog in honor of his mother, Janet Diane Kubicki, who passionately supported natural history, fishes and
amphibians. Today, a very small population of H. dianae can be found at elevations between 400–800 meters in Central and South America. H. dianae
has the unique ability to show its internal organs through translucent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
dianae. This educational display will make the knowledge of rainforests and frogs easily accessible. In addition, the inclusion of R. temporaria will
provide the visitors with extra educational information about the most common and familiar frog species in the biodiversity.
The display will be strategically placed near the entrance of a tropical rainforest exhibit concerning rainforest preservation and animal conservation.
The display of the new discovery of H. dianae is used to trigger visitors to think seriously and be concerned about the tropical rainforest ecology,
diversity, and conservation. The most important lesson is that it is crucial to save the remarkable tropical rainforest, and the present existing and future
new discovered beautiful species before they become extinct.
Further Reading:
Ghazoul, J. and Sheil, D. (2010). Tropical Rain Forest Ecology, Diversity, and Conservation.
Oxford University Press.
Guayasamin, J., Bustamante, M., Almeida–Reinoso, D., and Funk, C. (2006). Glass

Yoho National Park : Research
Yoho National Park – Research
Basic Information
Yoho national park is located in Field, British Columbia.
It is situated in the Rocky Mountains, specifically in the Canadian Rockies, which is a mountain range located in British Columbia and Alberta.
It was established in 1885 as Canada's 2nd protected area.
Banff national park is located in the eastern part of it and Kootenay national park is located in the southern part of it.
Yoho national parkwas designated as a part of the United Nations World Heritage Site in 1984.
It consists of steep mountains and is sculpted by glaciers from the ice age.
Wildlife
Animals like Grizzly Bear, Cougar, Elk, and Moose are some of the animals that are found in Yoho National Park.
Lynx ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The west side receives more rainfall than the east side due to orographic precipitation.
Precipitation increases as the elevation increases.
Average annual rainfall is 314 mm.
Average annual snowfall is 332 mm.
Located between the Prairie and Boreal regions of Canada.
Main air masses that influence the regional climate are the continental air mass from Yukon and Alaska, and Maritimes air mass from the Pacific.
Hot and dry weather in summer and fall.
Vegetation
The 2 major vegetation groups of Yoho are: Upland Forest and Fluvial Forest.
Upland Forest o Moist Montane
п‚§Vegetation Type: Western hemlock, White Spruce
–Douglas, Fir Douglas, Fir western yew. o Intermediate Montane
п‚§Balsam Poplar, Douglas fir white spruce. o Dry Montane
п‚§White birch aspen, Lodgepole pine–balsam poplar. o Montane Sub–alpine
п‚§Lodge–pole pine, Spruce lodge–pole pine o Low–mid Subalpine

п‚§Engelmann spruce–subalpine fir o High Subalpine
п‚§Whitebark pine, Subalpine larch
Fluvial Forest
п‚§Vegetation Type: White spruce Douglas fir
–lodgepole pine on old alluvial fans, White spruce–western red cedar on damp alluvial fan, white spruce
on permanently water–logged soil, aspen–balsam poplar on moist alluvium
3 ecoregions defined on the basis of vegetation in this park are: Montane, subalpine, and alpine ecoregions.
An ecoregion is a large area

Essay On Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone is the worlds first national park. It was origanally home to Native Americans who lived in the Yellowstone area for at least 11,000
years.The U.S. Army was first commissioned to oversee the park just after its establishment in late 1960. In 1917, administration of the park was
transferred to the National Park Service. Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 square miles (8,983 km2), mostly comprising lakes,
rivers canyons and mountain ranges. The national park is located primarily in the state of Wyoming, although it also extends into Montana and Idaho.
It was established by the U.S. Congressand signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest...
Located in the southwest corner of Yellowstone park lays the Old Faithful Geyser. A cone shaped geyser that erupts "faithfully" every 35 to 120
minutes. "Eruptions can shoot 3,700 to 8,400 US gallons (14,000 to 32,000 L) of boiling water to a height of 106 to 185 feet (32 to 56 m) lasting
from 1.5 to 5 minutes. The average height of an eruption is 145." There is evidence of many other geysers on thw floorof Yellowstone lake, and
have been doing so approximately 1300 years ago. The Yellowstone volcano is very active volcanic system which requires much observation. The
geysers, mudd pots, hotsprings and steam vents are all examples of the heat from molten rock of a volcano. For many years the Yellowstone volcano
could not be located. There is not obvious signs of a volcano, but scientists looked for other clues. Rhyolite is present in a location that has pinetress
and many mosquitoes can be found due to the lakes that have formed. Rhyolite is a very violent eruption, due to the high silica content, it flows
slowly, like honey, and tends to pile up and form lava

Hispaniolan Solenodon Essay
The Hispaniolan Solenodon The hispaniolan solenodon is a shrew like mammal with bad eyesight and toxic saliva. It lives underground and deep in
the island of Hispaniola. Humans have caused its near–extinction. Listed below are its habitat, food, amount of reproduction. Also listed are the
conservative activities, its physical description, man's impact, and how many are left and other unique facts. The hispaniolan solenodon is located on
the island of Hispaniola. It is most commonly found in Northern Hispaniola. Being nocturnal, during the day, it hides in tunnels and sleeps. It may also
hide in hollow logs, trees, and cracks in rocks, and caves. The female constructs a nest to live in before mating. Found in brush country, wooded area,
and culturally developed land, such as plantations and farms. The hispaniolan solenodon consumes mostly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is related to the mole and shrew, more closely resembling an overgrown shrew. It has small eyes and terrible vision. It has a long, mobile snout, with
specialized teeth for poisoning prey. Though it does not possess many anti–predator defenses, all of its limbs have claws and its forelimbs are
considerably more developed than its hind legs. The male's' sex organ is normally hidden, residing in the abdominal cavity. Though normally .31m
long, they can be anywhere from .28–.33m long. Newborn hispaniolan solenodons can weigh from 40–55g, are 15.2–16.3cm in length and are born
with little hair and closed eyes. The hispaniolan solenodon is hunted by mongoose, domestic cats, and domestic dogs, but to this day it lacks any
natural predators. It barely contributes to the ecosystem, due to small numbers. It used to destroy crops, by tunneling. It was not classified as
endangered in 1960. It is going extinct due to forest decline, increased human activity in their habitat, and the introduction of new

Great Victoria Desert Analysis
Nearly all–large deserts are found away from the coasts, in areas where the oceans moisture rarely reaches. For many of us, the word "desert"
invokes thoughts of a hot and sandy environment. However, not all deserts may be sandy and hot, they do have one thing on common...they are dry.
One type of desert we are focusing on, are the subtropical deserts, which sand dunes are a typical feature, along with the low vegetation and scarcity
of water (KDE). Subtropical deserts are the hottest deserts, which are dry in the summer and cooler but still dry during the winter (Nature Works,
2015). In fact, most deserts receive less than 300mm of water a year (Paleontology U, 2013), much like the Great Victoria Desert in Australia where
annual rainfall ranges from below 150mm to over 250mm (Fund, 2014). Great Victoria desert is the largest desert in Australia ranging to about 163,900
square miles (Hastwell) and during summer temperatures can reach between 32 – 35 degrees Celsius, whereas come winter it falls to about 18 – 23
degrees Celsius. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Much of Great Victoria is occupied by many small sand dunes and mostly consists of underlying granite beds thought to be some of the oldest rock in
Australia (KDE). The desert is also scattered with limestone caves and dried up lakebeds called salted lakes where sedimentary rock is mostly made
up of sandstone, siltstone, and shale (Fund, 2014) that make up little pebbles pack the surface of the ground. This desert is known to be the least
populated in the continent of Australia due to its lack of agriculture opportunities. Before Great Victoria was a desert it was assumed that it was a
moderately mountainous area, though due to erosion the mountains were eventually worn down (Nature Works,

Conservation Ethic Research Paper
Conservation Ethics Conservation is a key component in the preservation of Earth's wildlife, resources and overall sustainability. Our ethics and respect
for the environment make an everlasting impact on not just our lives but the many other organisms that inhabit this planet with us. Well, what are
conservation ethics exactly? "The conservation ethic is an ethic of resource use, allocation, exploitation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon
maintaining the health of the natural world: its forests, fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity" (Conservation Ethic). Actions as small as picking
up garbage strewn across the landscape can be a form of preservation and a great ethic to possess and pass on to future generations. Our generation...
For example, one could just recycle cans and plastic bottles lessening their chance of ending up on the landscape and or in a landfill. We have all
seen those commercials of people rescuing sea creatures from plastic and or human waste of some form and in some cases this could be prevented
just by recycling. Another conservation ethic that is needed quite dearly involves lessening our overall water consumption. States such as California
and Nevada have been experiencing water shortages do to droughts, and who is to say that this cannot happen worldwide if proactive measures are
not acted upon. From taking shorter showers to turning off the water when you stop to brush your teeth can really help make a difference. I myself
as well, have many different conservation ethics that I live my life by. For example, plastic is abundant enough on the landscape, so I avoid buying
bottled water and stick to filtered tap water. I as well monitor my water usage and recycle whenever possible. When grocery shopping, I tend to try and
get paper when possible to avoid any unnecessary plastic consumption. Many other important aspects of conservation ethics have to do with
sustainability, animal welfare, endangered species and environmental advocacy groups and agencies. We share this planet with some amazing
creatures and it is important to preserve and cherish this wonderful place we all call

Human Impacts Toward Soil Biodiversity
METHODS
Data Collation
Data was collected from published studies or in–press studies that focused on human impacts toward soil biodiversity. Potential relevant studies must
compare multiple sites which having different land use type and/or intensity. In addition, species abundance, richness, occurrence, or other diversity
metrics must be present in the study, so that diversity can be estimated. Furthermore, the information of the sites location is also very important, studies
which have the sites coordinates are more preferable. The coordinates are very useful not just to pinpoint the exact location on the map, but also to
help us acquire other information, e.g. climate, biome, and ecoregion (all paper criteria similar to Newbold et al. 2015). To find these potential relevant
studies, I used Web of Science (http://webofknowledge.com/) and Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.co.uk) as the search engine with "soil
invertebrate", "land–use", "pitfall trap", and "ground invertebrate" as my search term.
The corresponding authors of the suitable studies were contacted, asking whether they are willing to share their raw data (which were not usually
made fully available in the paper or supplementary files). From the total of 24 authors contacted, five of them agreed to give me the raw data. After
receiving the data, they were coded into a structured pdf form and excel spreadsheet. The pdf form captured the site– and species–specific information
provided by the papers or

The Influence Of Temperature On The Galapagos Islands
The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean at 960 km to the west of mainland South America. The total area of the ecoregion is 7,882
km2 and encompasses 13 islands larger than 10 km2, 19 larger than 1 km2, 42 islets smaller than 1 km2 and at least 26 emergent rocks. The water
currents that surround the islands influence in the climate. From May to December prevails the GarГєa (misty) or dry season as a result of the cool
Humboldt Current influence. In this season the temperature is cool, there are mist and drizzling rain called garГєa. The hot and wet season is in the
rest of the year and are the result of the influence of the warm Panama current. Heavier rainfall and warmer temperatures appear in this season. The
precipitations in

Claudette Colvin Pros And Cons
Claudette Colvin fought against with racism and social injustice and she fighting for her people for her people (African American) And also
Claudette colvin was tired of injustices all over Montgomery so what she did was that she stand up for her people in the bus and not giving her
seatte to a white man. One way that Claudette Colvin fought for her people was by refusing to give up her seat to the white people in the bus. "The
news that a schoolgirl had been for refusing to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger flashed through Montgomery's black community and
traveled far beyond. This Shows that Claudette Colvin was tired of this injustice so this is what she did not giving her seat to a white man that wanted
to seat there. And this

The Forest Of The Rumpi Hills
The forests of the Rumpi Hills also contain what is commonly referred to as the Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve or previously known as the Rumpi
Hills Native Administration Forest Reserve created by Forestry Ordinance No 38 of 1937 and approved by Forestry Ordinance No 16756/79 of 2nd
July, 1941 (SWPA, 2016). The North Boundary is the road from Lipenja Mukete through Ikoi and Dikome Ngolo to Madie; the South Boundary goes
through Nalende, Monyange, Itoki and Ilor to Moko. Whereas the East Boundary, goes through Dikome Balue, Mofako, Itende to Bisoro; the West
Boundary goes through Dibonda and Ndian and Ituka to Lipenja which is also the starting point of the reserve (SWPA, 2016). These boundaries give
the Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve a characteristic inverted letter "C" shape and structure, see figure 7.
The reserve is composed of land belonging to the Ngolo, Bima and Balue tribes, the first two form part of the North West while the latter, forms part
of the South East area. Most of the villages are on top of the hills, so that, a more or less vertical climb of anything up to 400 meters has to be faced
before reaching a village or settlement.
The proposal that, part of the Rumpi Hills forests should be made a forest reserve was first made by Mr Rosevear in a memorandum written in 1933
on the potential forest reserves of the Kumba Division, Cameroon (SWPA, 2016). The actual preliminary survey of the area was done by Mr F.S Collier
in 1937, after a tour round the approximate

North America Vs South America
Did you know that there are two Americas? North America and South America are two of the seven continents on Earth. We live in North America,
while a Brazilian is from South America. These two continents have more things in common than their names, yet they are two vastly different
continents. North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere.South America is
a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. North
America is 9.54 million square miles in area while South America is just 6.88 million square miles in area. The physical geography of North America
is diverse and can be divided

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