This document provides an overview of ICT for education, including: - The potential benefits of ICT including expanded access, increased efficiency, enhanced learning and teaching, skill formation, and improved management. - Key prerequisites for effective ICT implementation in education such as educational policy, infrastructure, content, personnel training, and financial resources. - Different levels of ICT use in education from passive to active based on the learning objective and role of the learner.

1. ICT for Education
An Overview
Prepared by
Wadi D. Haddad

2. Overview
 ICTs in Education – Dilemmas and Realities
 Role and Nature of ICTs in Education
 Potential of ICTs
 From Potential to Effectiveness

3. Dilemmas
Qs about Value of ICTs
Myths
Pressures
•Belief
•Doubt
•Wait
•Belief
•Doubt
•Wait
•Monolithic
•Automatic
•Computers
•Substitute
•Monolithic
•Automatic
•Computers
•Substitute
•Vendors
•Parents
•Business
•Techies
•Vendors
•Parents
•Business
•Techies
Realities
 Analyze Educational
objectives
 Determine Objective for ICT
 Understand Potential of ICTs
 Examine suitability of ICTs
 Plan program of investment
 Implement prerequisites
and corequisites
 Evaluate and adjust
continuously
Decision
Maker

4. Necessity of ICTs
•Globalization of
•Economy
•Information
• Tech Innovations
• Knowledge-based
•Economy
•Society
•Escalating Demand
for Education
Effective Learning
For All
Anytime
Anywhere

5. ICTs for Learning Objectives
ICTs for What Purpose
Learning Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet
Storage or display x x x x x
Exploration x x x x x
Application x x x
Analysis x x
Evaluation x x x x x
Constructing or design of
project
x x x

6. ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet
Presentation x x x x x
Demonstration x x x x x
Drill and practice x (e.g.,
Language
lab)
x x
Animation and simulation x x
Research x x x x x
Collaboration/ communication networked x
Management of student learning x x x

7. ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location Technologies at a Distance
Printed matter Correspondence
Slides, transparencies
Scanners
Digital notepads and white boards
Audiotapes Radio
Films and videos TV broadcasts
Digital books Web pages
CDs Web: Internet, intranet
Computer projection Webcast
ICTs for What Purpose

8. Potential
Of
ICTs
Access
Efficiency
Learning
Teaching
Skill Formation
Lifelong
Learning
Planning &
Management
Community
Linkages

9. Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities
• Radio Broadcast
• Interactive Radio Instruction
• Television
• Virtual Schools
• Virtual Universities

10. Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency
Issues
 Dual Shift Systems
 Multigrade Schools
 Small Urban or
Rural Schools
 Flexibility in
Learning Schedule
Solutions
 Broadcast Radio
 Interactive Radio
 Educational TV
 Virtual Online
Courses

11. Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning
Potential
• Motivate and engage learners
• Bring life to concepts and processes
• Foster inquiry
• Provide flexibility
• Allow application of information
• Provide access to world of
information
• Bring the world into the classroom
• Offer collaborative opportunities
and communication
• Offer tutored and individualized
learning
Solutions
• Radio and TV
• Multimedia Learning
Modules
• Virtual Labs
• Connecting to the Worlds
• Designing and Creating
Things

12. Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching
Issues
• Difficult Profession
• No One-Shot Training
• Continuum
 Initial Training
 Lifelong Upgrading
 Connecting
Solutions
• Multimedia Training
and Support System
• Training Videos
• Teacher Development
Portal
• Internet Resources
for Teachers

13. Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation
• New Workplace Realities
• E-Training
 Just-in-Time
 Convenient Place
 Up-to-Pate
 User-centric
Solutions
 Simulations
 Competency-based
multi-media
 Video and Interactive
media
 Workplace Training

14. Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning
Issues
 Workers need to learn
new skills
 Modern societies demand
constant updating
 The “educated” can
become obsolete
 Life-cycle pattern is
changing
Solutions
 Radio and TV
 Multimedia Packages
 Online Courses
 Open Universities
 “Third Age” Universities

15. Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management
• Management of Institutions and Systems
– School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff
development, facilities…
– System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,
communication, information, . . .
• Management of Policy Making
– Storage and analysis of data
– Construction and assessment of policy scenarios
– Tracer studies and tracking systems

16. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Growth in ICT Access
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Main telephone lines (millions) Mobile cellular subscribers (millions) Personal computers (millions) Internet users (millions)
Millions

17. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Africa America w/o US
& Canada
US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants
Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants
PCs/100 inhabitants

18. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Africa America w/o US
& Canada
US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
Internet Hosts/10,000
inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants

19. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
• ICT access varies within countries
• Disparities is magnified by gender factor
• ICT access contributes to escape from poverty
• ICT access for all requires attention to
– Infrastructure
– Cost
– Laws and regulations

20. Radio Stations and Receivers
Digital
Satellite
Radio
Crank Radio
Crank/Solar
Radio
Suitcase Radio Station

21. Telecenters

22. Women-Friendly Telecenters
• Within accepted culture; fosters harmony
• Women do not have to travel far
• Center meets needs of men and women
• No childcare problem
• Space is roomy and provides privacy
• Staff is well integrated

23. Prerequisites
Corequisites
Potential
Effectiveness

24. From Potential to Effectiveness
1. Educational Policy
2. Approach to ICTs
3. Infrastructure
4. ICT-Enhanced Content
5. Committed and Trained Personnel
6. Financial Resources
7. Integration
8. Piloting and Evaluation

25. Conclusion
• To Tech or not to Tech Education
• ICT ―― Education More Effective and►
Responsive
ICTs
X


26. “We do not think anymore of the
spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.
The ultimate success of ICTs for
learning will be attained when we stop
marveling about the ICTs and apply our
minds and emotions to the wonders of
learning.”

27. The End

28. Levels of ICTs
Constructing or
design of
Project
Evaluation
Analysis
Application
Exploration
Storage or
display
Passive ACTIVE
LEARNER’S ROLE
Levels of ICTs for Different Learning
Objectives and Roles of Learners
LEARNING OBJECTIVE

29. Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and
Roles of Teachers
Levels of ICTs
Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Research
Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation Provider Facilitator
TEACHER’S ROLE
TEACHING OBJECTIVE
Go Back

30. Infrastructure
Namibia Schoolnet
Pedal Power Generator
Solar Energy
Wind Power Generator
Go Back

31. 5. Costing and Budgeting
Total Cost of Ownership
 Acquisition - hardware and software
 Installation and configuration
 Connectivity
 Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment
 Supplies: 8-10%
 Utilities: 4-8%
 Computer training 5-10%
 Retrofitting of physical facilities
 replacement costs (5-7 years)
Additional Costs
 Acquisition and creation of content materials
 Orientation and training of staff
 Testing, evaluation and adjustment
31-48%
Go Back