1. Written assignment for Critical Issues in
Education: Keywords for different
perspectives
EPA4192
March 2009

2. Reminders
 use such keywords and terms to help
and guide you to
1. Read the materials critically and
analytically
2. Formulate and organize your arguments
3. Analyze the facts and evidences

3. Policy implementation
1. Policy making: the process of which a
policy is made (e.g., consultation
through different channels)
2. Policy content (e.g., regulations,
measures, strategies,
recommendations)
3. Policy implementation: How a policy is
carried out
4. Policy impact: how a policy affect the
stakeholders. How such stakeholders
perceive and respond to the policy

4. Sociological perspective
1. Marxist perspective (critical)
◦ Social polarization/division
◦ Social inequality
◦ Discrimination
◦ Social marginalization and exclusion
 Rich VS poor
 Powerful VS powerful
 Vested interest/advantaged/privileged VS deprived/excluded
1. Functional perspective (conformist)
◦ Efficiency
◦ Rationalize inequality: “Inequality cannot be avoided:
Those who are being deprived should work harder to
improve themselves, thereby gaining the status”

5. Media perspective
1. Perception
2. Selection
3. Interpretation
 (Refer to the material of Guidelines
for Individual Presentation and
Written Assignment)

6. Teacher perspective
 Promote Teacher professionalism = teacher
empowerment from personal to collective
levels
1. Pedagogy and subject knowledge
2. Rights and interests (e.g., materials,
employment)
3. Autonomy
4. Management and leadership with decision-
making power
5. Free from government intervention and school
authority’s suppression
6. Form an independent association (e.g.,
council) to regulate and manage themselves

7. Teacher perspective
 Promote Teacher professionalism = teacher
empowerment from personal to collective
levels
1. Pedagogy and subject knowledge
2. Rights and interests (e.g., materials,
employment)
3. Autonomy
4. Management and leadership with decision-
making power
5. Free from government intervention and school
authority’s suppression
6. Form an independent association (e.g.,
council) to regulate and manage themselves