J2 Lesson 10 grammar notes

1. 文法 LESSON 10 GRAMMAR NOTES
G1. て- FORM OF VERBS
In this lesson, you are going to learn how to conjugate from the plain form of verbs into the て- form.
The て- form of verbs will allow you to do several things: make polite requests, list more than one
verb in a sentence, make the present progressive form, and many others. For lesson 10, you will
learn how to make polite requests and list two or more verbs in a sentence.
But, before you do any of that,
you are going to need to learn how to conjugate into the て- form!
The following table explains how to conjugate plain (dictionary) verbs into て- form.
type of
verb
Godan Verbs
(う-verbs)
Ichidan Verbs
(る- verbs)
Irregular Verbs
する and くる
ends
with
Ending in
う, つ, る
Ending in
む, ぶ, ぬ
Ending in
く
Ending in
ぐ
Ending in
す
ending in る
rule
う、つ、る
become
って
む、ぶ、ぬ
become
んで
く
becomes
いて
ぐ
becomes
いで
す
becomes
して
Replace
る
with
て
NO RULES!
(*´∀｀ *)
examples
あう (to meet)
 あって
まつ (to wait)
 まって
とる (to take)
 とって
よむ (to read)
 よんで
あそぶ (to play)
あそんで
しぬ (to die)
しんで
かく
(to write)
 かいて
およぐ
(to swim)
およいで
はなす
(to speak)
はなして
たべる
(to eat)
 たべて
する (to do)
 して
くる (to come)
きてException
いく
(to go)
 いって

2. G2. MAKING POLITE REQUESTS
When you combine the て- form of a verb with the word ください (please) you can politely ask
someone to do something for you.
For example:
べんきょうしてください。
Please study.
しゅくだい を してください。
Please do the homework.
がんばってください。
Please do your best.
In the video for Lesson 9, Mrs. Yamada asked Sakura and Daichi to do something for her. Because
Mrs. Yamada is older than Sakura and Daichi, and knows them well, she can just end her
requests with the て-form of the verb and does not need to add ください。Because she’s older,
she doesn’t necessarily need to be polite to them.
じゃ、あがって。
Do come in!
じゃ、これ プレーヤー に いれて。
Put this in the (DVD) player.
G3. LIST TWO OR MORE VERBS IN A SENTENCE
Use the て- form of the verb when listing two or more verbs in a sentence. Note that the last verb in
the sentence does NOT end in the て- form.
Take a look at the examples below:
あした、ともだち に あって、えいが を みます。
Tomorrow, I meet my friend and watch a movie.
げつようび、としょかん に いって べんきょうします。
Monday, I will go to library and study.
きょう、きっさてん に いって、クッキー を たべて、 うち に かえります。
Today, I will go to the coffee shop, eat a cookie, and return home.