Level 2 lesson_14_grammar

1. 文法 LESSON 14 GRAMMAR NOTES
G1. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FORM（ て FORM + います）
Do you remember the て-form of verbs? If not, go back to lesson 10 to refresh your memory.
You will need to know how to form verbs into the て-form for this grammar point.
The て- form of the verb followed by the helping verb いる (or its polite form, います) can mean one of
two things:
A) an action that is in progress or,
B) a past event that is connected with the present.
Let’s take a look at the examples below:
たべもの
や
おもちゃ
を
うっています。
They are selling food and toys.
Plain form of the verb
Changes to à
て-form of the verb + いる
(or its polite form, います)
＝
Present
progressive form
うる
(to sell)
うって
うっています
(is/am/are selling)
おなか
が
すいています。
I am hungry. (lit. My stomach is empty)
Plain form of the verb
Changes to à
て-form of the verb + いる
(or its polite form, います)
＝
Present
progressive form
すく
(to become empty)
すいて
すいています
(is/am/are empty)

2. だいち
さん
は
いま
ほん
を
よんでいます。
Daichi is reading a book now.
Plain form of the verb
Changes to à
て-form of the verb + いる
(or its polite form, います)
＝
Present
progressive form
よむ
(to read)
よんで
よんでいます
(is/am/are reading)
This rule can be applied to all of the verbs you have learned so far.
G2. A から B
You can use から to say “ because of A, B.”
Clause A is the reason for causing clause B to occur. Take a look at this sentence:
A B
あした
テスト
です
から、 きょう
べんきょう
します。
Because there is a test tomorrow, today I will study.
Another example is with two separate sentences:
B A
たいちさん
は
よく
たべますね。 はい、
たべもの
が
すき
です
から。
Daichi eats a lot, doesn’t he? Yes, because he likes food.
In this example, the reason and the situation are switched, but clause A (with から) still explains the
reason for the situation described in clause B.

3. Some more examples:
かいもの
が
だいすき
です
から、
おかね
が
ありません。
Because I love shopping, I don’t have any money.
わたし
の
しゅみ
は
からて
です
から、
にほんご
を
べんきょうしています。
Because my hobby is Karate, I’m studying Japanese.
きのう
がっこう
を
やすみました。 にちようび
でした
から。
Yesterday I took a day off from school. Because it was Sunday.